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Topic: Planetary core

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	Core (earth science) - MSN Encarta
		The planetary core consists of the innermost layer(s) of a planet.
		Earth’s core experiences pressures that are millions of times greater and temperatures that are thousands of degrees higher than those at the surface.
		This composition of the core is believed to be similar to that of stony meteorites, which geologists think may have provided the material for Earth’s core.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595512/Core_(earth_science).html (850 words)

	Planetary core - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The planetary core is the innermost layer or layers in a planet.
		The terrestrial planets (planets with a rocky surface) have a core mainly made of iron and could be a solid or a liquid layer.
		The moon's core is 20% of its radius, butMercury's core is 75% of its radius.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Planetary_core (203 words)

	Chapter 4 Planetary vortical structure From a vortical structure to a many heap rotation ...
		Though the sun and the planetary exterior were bound by a mutual attraction, Inside for a core, by a difference of the density difference, and high fever, For the free rotation, was able to maintain it.
		As supposing that a satellite a core doesn't exist, asteroids is a separation, Because a planet also is fundamental also to a satellite and is a vortical structure, A rotation speed of a solid core exceeds that of a spherical husks at all times.
		A planetary nebula with other stars, is observed as separating, A central star of a nebula with a high-temperature white dwarf, is called, A light star becomes a white dwarf and with a nebula there is at a step dies and reaches, is thought about.
	www5b.biglobe.ne.jp /~nshzwtc/1eng7.htm (17008 words)

	Planetary science Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Planetary science, also known as planetology and closely related to planetary astronomy, is the science of planets, or planetary systems, and the solar system.
		Incorporating an interdisciplinary approach, planetary science draws from diverse sciences and may be considered a part of the Earth sciences, or more logically, as its parent field.
		Planetary science studies objects ranging in size from micrometeoroids to gas giants, their composition, dynamics and history.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Planetary_science.html (393 words)

	Core - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Planetary core, in planetary science, the center of a planet
		Core curriculum, in education, a essential part of the curriculum
		Core (anatomy), in anatomy is everything except the appendages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Core (275 words)

	Space Studies Board
		The wide differences in the nature of planetary magnetic fields are not understood but may be related to rotation rates and the nature of the core.
		A planetary probe is essential to measure the helium/hydrogen ratio accurately and to obtain the abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen relative to hydrogen.
		The surface intensities of known planetary magnetic fields typically fall in the range of a few tenths of a gauss to 10 G at the planetary surfaces, although Mercury's magnetic field is weak in comparison to those of most of the other planets-a few thousandths of a gauss.
	www7.nationalacademies.org /ssb/21plech3.html (13585 words)

	Lives and Deaths of Stars
		Planetary nebulae can be distinguished from H II regions by their compact shape and strong emission lines of doubly-ionized oxygen (that give them their green color), doubly-ionized neon, and singly-ionized helium.
		Originally, we thought planetary nebulae were simple expanding spherical shells that look like rings on the sky because when you look along the edge of the expanding spherical shell, you look through more material than when you look toward the center of the shell.
		Planetary nebulae and H II regions are lit up by the action of ultraviolet light on the gas, while supernova glow from shock-wave heating.
	www.astronomynotes.com /evolutn/s6.htm (1756 words)

	"Wobble" of Planetary Core
		I told him I thought that the wobble of the core caused by the Moon would be exactly the same as the wobble of the rest of the planet, and so the core remains stationary relative to the outside of the globe.
		If there is any difference in the rotation of the crust and core the potential exists for whatever irregular projections there may be on the surface of the core to bang into the inverse mountains sticking inward on the underside of the crust, which ought to create some nasty earthquakes.
		The core is also thought not to spin at the same rate as the rest of the planet, but is constantly exchanging its angular momentum with the mantle, via various mechanisms, resulting in fluctuations in the length of the day.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=6224 (2153 words)

	Osmium & Tungsten
		Planetary core formation fractionates iron from the silicate mantle, and siderophile (iron loving) elements are strongly enriched in the core while lithophile elements remain in the primitive silicate mantle.
		Core formation thus causes extreme concentration contrasts between the mantle and the core and even a very small contribution of core material into the mantle will control the siderophile element budget of the admixture.
		A core contribution would increase the observed W/Th ratio in a melt by a small but insignificant amount (a 0.5% admix would increase the W/Th ratio from 0.19 to 0.25), but the measured Th-concentration of the melts can nevertheless be used to estimate the W concentration of the source.
	www.mantleplumes.org /Os-W.html (2481 words)

	core, planetary
		The central part of a planet, large moon, or large asteroid that is denser than, and compositionally distinct from, the layers that surround it.
		Both regions of the core consist largely of iron and nickel that sank to the center of the planet while it was still molten.
		The outer core extends to the Gutenberg discontinuity, the border between the mantle and the outer core.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/core_planetary.html (188 words)

	planetary nebula concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The star was once the core of a red giant, which ejected its outer atmosphere and created the planetary.
		A planetary nebula has nothing to do with a planet, but through a small telescope, it looks like a planet's disk, hence the misleading name.
		During the core contraction that terminates the red-giant stage, the helium-burning shell is ejected at a velocity so high that it becomes separated from the core.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/planetarynebula.html (348 words)

	At The Earth's Core
		The outer region of the inner core is basically the "stellar interior" of a white dwarf, having an inverse density gradient.
		The outer region of the inner core, and the inner region of the outer core.
		A core flare occured (the planetary core equivalent of a nova flare of a white dwarf star—same cause and reason).
	www.reciprocalsystem.com /isus/rec/rec27/earthcore.html (8253 words)

	The 12th Planet's Core
		In the case where a star lights, the primary property is that the core must first have a magnetic field strong enough to charge the key hydrogen ions and in extremely rare cases helium atoms to be attracted to the inner core by magnetic attraction pulled along in bubbles composed primarily of hydrogen.
		The key is the composition of the core, gravitational compression and the strength of the magnetic field, which initiates flow patterns of hydrogen or helium ions through the core on the whole.
		Second, the core is magnetic in nature and a flow of fuel is sustained, but the dampening rate of the heavy elements on the extreme end, which reduces the fusion process and the energy released to a point where the total mass absorbs all of the radiant energy.
	www.grantchronicles.com /astro96.htm (2466 words)

	Core Space
		Core space is one of many systems within an astronomically gigantic bubble which, like the typical crystal sphere, keeps the Flow from entering.
		The planets molten core serves as an ancient prison for a long lost race of half-demons who, every 100 years are awakened by the receding of the core.
		Hidden somewhere upon the cores surface is the key to immortality which is literally a key.
	www.spelljammer.org /worlds/Corespace (2969 words)

	Jupiter's Red Spot
		In Jupiter’s case, its planetary formation was dependant on the heavy elements, once in abundance in the neighborhood during the early stages of development of Jupiter, now are in short supply in the local spatial area.
		Movement starts as core matter flows across the least path of resistance, a perpendicular path to the north south magnetic alignment of the iron elements present in the liquid core or parallel to the equatorial plane.
		As viscosity of the planetary core mass thins in the area of the core anomaly, acceleration of this coalescing process of fuel pockets occurs, due to a lower density of the core mass.
	www.grantchronicles.com /astro02.htm (1317 words)

	Planetary Nebulae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Well, because the lifetimes of planetary nebulae are so short, they live for only 50,000 or so years (which is less than 0.001 % of the Sun's lifetime), the chances of seeing this phase of stellar evolution is very small.
		Planetary nebulae are characterized by a shell of material (of mass roughly 10 to 20 % of a solar mass) moving away from a hot (temperatures of 20,000 to more than 100,000 Kelvins), faint star (in their center) at a speed of 10 to 30 kilometers per second.
		Planetary nebula fade away after 50,000 or so years because the material in the shell becomes too rarified to be seen.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~imamura/208/feb22/feb22.html (527 words)

	The Nature and Origin of Magnetic Fields
		Planetary magnetic fields are believed to be generated in convecting, electrically conducting fluids located near the planetary core - the three different types of magnetic field are generated in different electrically conducting fluids.
		Core freeze-out is continuing today because the mantle itself is slowly cooling, which in turn causes the core beneath it to cool and solidify.
		This coupling between core and mantle is regulated by the thickness of the thermal boundary layers (in which the pulses originate) on either side of the core-mantle boundary.
	members.shaw.ca /constantine.thomas/magfield.htm (9740 words)

	PSR Discoveries:Feature: The Moon's very small core.
		For an iron-rich composition, a core of this size represents merely 1 to 3% of the Moon's total mass.
		The lunar core is, by latest accounts, 1 to 3% of the total mass, but Earth's core is 33% of the total mass.
		The Moon's core is, in fact, proportionately smaller than the cores of any of the inner planets in the Solar System.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Sept99/MoonCore.html (1362 words)

	PLANETARY SCIENCE:Lunar Prospector Probes Moon's Core Mysteries -- Irion 281 (5382): 1423 -- Science
		Most planetary scientists suspect that far beneath the cold craters and dusty seas of the moon lies an important clue to its fiery past--a dense core.
		The calculations indirectly constrain the core's radius to between 220 and 450 kilometers--toward the small end of the range if the core is pure iron, and toward the larger end if it is made of a less dense alloy such as iron sulfide.
		The iron came mostly from the shattered core of the impactor, according to models by Canup and astrophysicist Alastair Cameron of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/281/5382/1423 (966 words)

	The Creation of Planetary Magnetic Fields
		Second, current evolutionary theories cannot allow a molten core in the Moon's early history.Yet a molten core is essential to the dynamo theory.
		If Mars' core is comparable in size to Mercury's, as some workers have argued on the basis of the mean density of the planet, the absence of a field on Mars and the presence of one on Mercury is baffling.
		Core radii of the Earth and Moon are measured; all others are estimates from current planetary models.
	www.creationresearch.org /crsq/articles/21/21_3/21_3.html (6034 words)

	Planetary Nebulae
		These four planetaries are the only ones which found their way into Messier's catalog, and all which where known to summer 1782, before William Herschel started his comprehensive scanning the of the deep sky with large telescopes.
		On November 13, 1790, Herschel found the planetary nebula NGC 1514 (his H IV.69), which has a very bright central star; thus he became convinced that the planetary nebulae were nebulous material (gas or dust) associated with a central star, and not unresolved clusters as he and others had thought previously.
		Planetary nebulae have also been discovered in other galaxies with large telescopes, including the Large and the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Andromeda Galaxy M31, M33, M32, and NGC 6822 as well as other galaxies in the Local Group and beyond.
	www.seds.org /messier/planetar.html (1408 words)

	Planetary DB
		Planetary DB provides a solid platform of consulting services and products to help get your environment under control, freeing up valuable database personnel to work on improving your business, not just doing everything they can to keep it going.
		Planetary CORE™ is a true enterprise class monitoring and management solution for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ platform.
		Planetary CORE™ moves you away from just being able to schedule alerts and some tasks and allows you to take control of your environment.
	www.planetarydb.com (300 words)

	Mimas and the F ring - The Planetary Society Blog \| The Planetary Society
		Seen against space, the F ring is the brightest thing around, so it looks bright, but where it crosses Mimas, the moon is much much brighter than the F ring, so the F ring looks dark.
		I checked the actual brightness of the pixels in Photoshop, to see if it was true that the core of the F ring has the same brightness all the way around, and I got a surprise.
		Where the F ring crosses space, the pixels have values of around 100 out of 255, which is fairly dark.
	www.planetary.org /blog/article/00001278 (275 words)

	Physics Today April 2004: Planetary Diversity
		Planetary scientists study what is in orbit around stars but not doing what a star does (or used to do in an earlier life), which is fusion.
		Planetary science is not a scientific discipline in the usual sense of being a specialty field; it is rather an interdisciplinary combination of many areas of science.
		Planetary science is evolving into a field with rich interplay between the traditional area of geoscientific approaches applied to planets and the new areas of extrasolar planets and exobiology.
	physicstoday.org /vol-57/iss-4/p43.html (4012 words)

	Planetary Nebulae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As the dying star reaches its final stages of life, the inner-carbon core cools, but the outer-core shell continues to burn hydrogen and helium and the star becomes very unstable.
		Estimated to be approximately 1,000 years old, this planetary nebula reveals intricate structures of gas shells, jets of high-speed gas and unusual shock-induced knots of gas.
		The arc-like etchings could be the remenants of discrete shells ejected from the star when it was younger or could result from the action of a narrow beam of matter impinging on the hourglass walls.
	1scom.net /~kjblackford/planetary.html (436 words)

	Planetary Nebulae
		A planetary nebula can result as a star with mass of less than several times the solar mass ("low mass" star) ejects mass in the red giant stage, near the end of the star's life.
		In this stage, the central part of the star, which is about the size of the earth, consists of a carbon ash core, a shell in which helium is fusing to carbon, and a shell where fusion of hydrogen to helium has temporarily ceased.
		They are called planetary because to early astronomers these fuzzy patches seemed like the disks of planets, but, of course, we now know they have no association with planets.
	fusedweb.pppl.gov /CPEP/Chart_Pages/5.Plasmas/Nebula/Planetary.html (500 words)

	Chandra :: Photo Album :: Orion Nebula :: The Link Between Flares and Planet Survival: Comments from Joan Najita
		Traditionally, the gravitational interaction between the planetary cores and the gas is expected to cause the planetary core to lose angular momentum and spiral into the star on very short timescales, timescales much less than a million years.
		In contrast to a non-turbulent disk, where planetary cores are expected to undergo a rapid inspiral into the star as shown in this illustration, in a turbulent disk planetary cores will scatter off turbulent fluctuations, like boats tossed about by waves in a storm.
		As a result, planetary cores are expected to execute a "random walk", which greatly increases the time it takes them to migrate away from their initial location.
	chandra.harvard.edu /photo/2005/orion/najita.html (770 words)

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