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Topic: Plant communities

	SFRA Chapter 2 (TERRA-2) - The History of Native Plant Communities in the South
		In areas dominated by subsistence farming, less obvious impacts to the native plant communities occurred, such as the disruption of population processes caused by fragmentation, the introduction of exotic species, impacts on rare communities such as mountain bogs and glades, and widespread alterations in forest community structure related to timber harvesting and fuel-wood gathering.
		Plant geography, the description of the distribution of plants, was the primary concern of European academics, capitalists, and naturalists.
		He described the plant community as a form of superorganism to indicate his perception of the interdependence of all of the parts of a community, and he described succession as the development or life cycle of the organism.
	www.srs.fs.usda.gov /sustain/report/terra2/terra2-06.htm (3983 words)

	Plant Communities of Riverside County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Riverside County possesses a remarkable diversity of plants and plant communities.
		Plant specimen images and descriptions were copied from object records in the Argus (Questor Systems Inc.) database and pasted directly into each Plant Community page, thus making generally accessible the resources of the Clark Herbarium permanent collection.
		The outline for the exhibit was developed from the Museum's current permanent exhibit, "Plant Communities of Riverside County", which was developed in 1986 by then Curator of Botany Lorrae Fuentes.
	www.riversideca.gov /museum/plantcom/plantcom.htm (608 words)

	Plant Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Not all communities have one species which is dominant; these are named for physical or generic characteristics, such as grasslands or scrub, or by habitat, such as coastal bluff communities.
		This community is dominated by the presence of the Monterey pine.
		The plants of this community must be adapted to extreme conditions: intense sun or dense fog, very shallow soils or bare rock, nearly vertical rock faces, direct salt spray, and wind.
	pt-lobos.parks.state.ca.us /nathis/Plants.htm (1784 words)

	Natural history - landscape & plant communities - SNAs: Minnesota DNR
		Local groupings of trees, shrubs, grasses, and forbs are called plant communities, and are characterized by the kinds and quantities of species they contain.
		Plant distribution varies with factors such as climate, soils and subsoils, landforms, water drainage, and natural disturbances such as fire, wind, insects, and disease.
		To eliminate a single natural community is to eliminate entire chapters of possibility for future development, at the same time eroding the natural system, or "scaffolding," that supports human life.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /snas/naturalhistory2.html (890 words)

	Minnesota's Native Plant Communities: Minnesota DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A native plant community is a group of native plants that interact with each other and with their environment in ways not greatly altered by modern human activity or by introduced organisms.
		Native plant communities provide a range of ecological functions that are increasingly recognized as valuable for the quality of life in Minnesota and even for human health and safety.
		The key to protecting native plant communities is awareness of their location and value, development of policies and management tools to sustain them, and finding ways to avoid destroying them.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /ecological_services/nativeplantcommunities.html (1739 words)

	At-Risk Freshwater Plant Communities
		These status ranks are based on such factors as the remaining number and condition of occurrences of the community, the remaining acreage, and the severity of threats to the community type.
		Degrees of risk reported here range from very high (“critically imperiled” communities often are found in five or fewer places or have experienced very steep declines) to moderate (“vulnerable” communities often are found in 80 or fewer places or have experienced widespread declines).
		Riparian areas also have characteristic plant communities, but these are less distinct than for wetlands, and there are technical challenges to creating a classification system for riparian areas.
	www.heinzctr.org /ecosystems/fr_water/at_risk_plants.shtml (384 words)

	Healthy Plant Communities, from the Montana State University Extension Service
		A weed-resistant plant community may include an early emerging species, such as the shallow-rooted Sandberg’s bluegrass, which uses the resources that are available in the upper soil profile early in the growing season and during periods of light precipitation.
		Plant communities dominated by early-successional species have been considered in poor condition, whereas the condition of those rangelands composed mostly of late-successional species have been considered excellent.
		Shifting the plant community from weedy to desirable plants requires understanding the stages in the weed’s life cycle that are most vulnerable to stress or control and understanding those stages and procedures in the desirable species’ life-cycles that can enhance their performance.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpb/pubs/mt9909.html (2158 words)

	Poisonous Plant Research : Home
		Natural plant communities and managed plant communities contain plants that are poisonous to livestock, wildlife and humans.
		Most plant communities contain plants that are poisonous to livestock, wildlife and humans.
		These toxic plants or their seeds may also be harvested with grains and forages, resulting in contamination of feeds and food.
	www.ars.usda.gov /Main/docs.htm?docid=3496 (145 words)

	Native Plant Communities are Very Important for Wildlife
		What they need are appropriate native plant communities because most native wildlife species depend upon natural plant communities for their habitat.
		A property's capacity to support most wildlife species is usually reduced when native plant communities are replaced with something else such as buildings, roads, lawns, lakes, introduced pastures or crops.
		Sometimes we use tools such as tillage, herbicides, fertilization, planting or water to manage succession, but we tend to use these less because they are more expensive or tend to cause drastic changes in plant communities.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Wildlife/NativePlantCommunities (580 words)

	Classification of Great Basin Plant Communities Occurring on Dugway Proving Ground, Utah
		The classification of plant communities from data collected in the field is a critical component of the landscape-guided approach to vegetation mapping.
		Classification of DPG's plant communities was part of a larger effort undertaken by CERL and DPG to map and classify the plant communities at DPG (Table 1 adapted from Zonneveld [1988]).
		CERL's investigators' responsibilities were to derive a plant community classification from field data and report the results of the classification (steps 5 and 6).
	www.cecer.army.mil /techreports/hil_dug2/hil_dug2-02.htm (692 words)

	Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers: Effects on Plant and Animal Communities
		Studies of bird communities in areas of intensive agriculture suggest that riparian areas, shelterbelts, and small woodlots are very important habitats for birds.
		Plants that are especially beneficial to terrestrial wildlife include mast-producing trees and trees commonly used for nesting and dens.
		A list of recommended plant species for restoring riparian buffers is available from the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage and the Virginia Department of Forestry.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/forestry/420-152/420-152.html (6482 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus, to address this issue, my graduate students and I are investigating the effects of non-native plant species on the communities they invade, and we are focusing on some of the most problematic exotic species and threatened habitats in California.
		Because native stream-side vegetation is vital for creating shaded habitats used by salmonids and other aquatic taxa, the transformation of riparian plant communities by giant reed is likely to have far-reaching effects on stream assemblages.
		These imperiled seasonal wetland communities are of considerable interest to conservation biologists because of the diverse range of often endemic species that inhabit them.
	www.sonoma.edu /people/cushman/research3.html (503 words)

	Plant Communities of the San Gabriel Mountains: Introduction
		(a) Plant Community (is)...(a) regional element of the vegetation that is characterized by the presence of certain dominant species.
		It was chosen because it includes streamside or riparian woodland as a community and because it lists bigcone spruce, numerically a very large part of the forest in the San Gabriel Mountains, as a component of the montane forest, both of which other popular systems do not.
		The location tells where you would expect to find the community, whether it is on the coastal or desert side of the mountains, at what elevation, whether it is on the north- or south-facing slope and specific places where it is easily accessible or an outstanding example exists.
	www.tchester.org /sgm/plants/communities (888 words)

	BLM Wyoming Rock Springs Field Office Plants and Plant Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Plants form the core of many memorable hiking, photography and wildlife trips in addition to providing habitat for fish and wildlife.
		Permits are issued for firewood cutting in designated areas, for cutting some species of live Christmas trees, and for digging and tranplanting various types of live for personal use.
		BLM is responsible for the protection and enhancement of Federal candidate, threatened and endangered plants including the ecosystems upon which they depend.
	www.wy.blm.gov /rsfo/plants.htm (238 words)

	NatureServe: Plant Communities of the Midwest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Plant Communities of the Midwest: Classification in an Ecological Context
		Midwestern plant communities—from Great Plains grasslands to the dense boreal forests that frame the shores of the Great Lakes and from northern peatland bogs to dry, Ozark glades—have long fascinated plant ecologists.
		Now a comprehensive survey of all the natural plant communities found in this twelve-state region is available in a single volume.
	www.natureserve.org /publications/plantCommunitiesmidwest.jsp (361 words)

	Ecologically based Invasive Plant Management
		Ecologically-based invasive plant management also uses weed management technologies to manipulate the biology/ecology of both the invasive plants and the desirable species to create a desired state.
		Explains how plant communities develop, how weeds invade and how you can work toward developing a desired plant community that is relatively weed-resistant.
		By considering weeds foremost as plants and by relying on the concepts of plant ecology, the authors hope to provide a better understanding of weeds that will lead to better crop and weed management.
	www.weedcenter.org /management/ecol_mgmt.html (765 words)

	Plant Communities
		The Tecate cypress is another special type of plant community found only in a few places in the United States.
		Several different scrub and chaparral communities along the hills and slopes above the canyon floors include coastal sage scrub, California sagebrush, California buckwheat and purple sage, as well as a mixed chaparral community dominated by laurel sumac and toyon.
		Because these communities are disappearing as urban development continues, they form an increasingly important part of the biological resources protected in the park.
	www.parks.ca.gov /?page_id=21972 (378 words)

	Native Plant Communities - Presidio of San Francisco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		factors dictate the distribution of vegetation and plant communities at the Presidio.
		Although the modern landscape is drastically altered by the introduction of non-native grasses, vines, and trees, as well as by the cutting on the few native trees once here, some remnant and restored areas still preserve native plant communities.
		Click here to see a map of the distribution of the Presidio's native plant communities.
	www.nps.gov /prsf/nathist1/nathist/plantcom.htm (118 words)

	Marin CNPS: Plant Communities of Marin
		Typical plants are tules, sedges, rushes, water parsley, giant hedgenettle, straggly gooseberry, twinberry honeysuckle, salmonberry, willows.
		Understory plants include hound's tongue, orchids, Marin iris, eyed violet, woodfern, bracken fern, hawkweed, woodland madia, bedstraw, red larkspur, Indian warrior, milkmaids, fairybells, native vetch.
		A particularly Californian plant community of stiff, drought-resistant shrubs.
	www.marin.cc.ca.us /cnps/communities.html (572 words)

	Common plants in California native plant communities.
		Munz's communities fit much better, but sometimes the site is at a mixing point where the chaparral, coastal sage scrub and Joshua tree woodland come together and you can't make it fit, or there just is not enough of the native system left to figure out what community fits the site best.
		Below is a list of the Plant Communities (adapted from Munz with our modifications added) and their codes and their approximate rainfall (including fog) range in inches/year.
		Plants from other areas of California dissolve into a mass of slime and bugs unless you hold their leaves and treat them differently.
	www.laspilitas.com /comhabit/plantcom.htm (2498 words)

	From Rainforest to Grassland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To explore the dramatic diversity of plants in Washington, we look across the state to specific places that differ in topography and climate to find a range of plant communities.
		These are groups of plants that tend to occur together in particular local environments.
		In most of this program, we visit specific locations in the state to introduce major plant communities that will help you understand better the environmental diversity of Washington.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~wsherb/edpages/raingrass/raingrass.html (242 words)

	Plant communities of California
		It is a weird plant - a gymnosperm that is a tree - and is found nowhere else on earth!!
		Creosote bush is the most abundant shrub in California, and may be a contender (with bristlecone pine) for the oldest plant on earth.
		At the lowest elevations, the halophilic communities of shadscale and alkali sink are also found.
	www.csuchico.edu /~mw97/Biol_142/Plant_communities_CA.html (1594 words)

	Amazon.com: The Vegetation of Wisconsin : An Ordination of Plant Communities: Books: John T. Curtis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		One of the most important contributions in the field of plant ecology during the twentieth century, this definitive survey established the geographical limits, species compositions, and as much as possible of the environmental relations of the communities composing the vegetation of Wisconsin.
		Inset range maps, photos, lists of plants with their "commonness ratings (my term)" in the different habitats, brief histories of human uses of the habitats, and descriptions of the environment (soils, hydrology, etc.) complete the picture.
		Curtis was also somewhat doctrinaire in his view of plant species distributions across ecological gradients (a Gleasonian individualist, for those who wonder), leading him to ignore the important distinction between prairies on sand versus heavier soils, for example.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0299019403?v=glance (1002 words)

	Plant Communities of the Mono Basin
		Sagebrush defines the sagebrush scrub, the most dominant plant community in the Mono Basin, and the most widespread desert plant community in North America.
		Within the sagebrush community you will find a surprising variety of plants and animals: bitterbrush, desert peach, blazing star, sage grouse, sage sparrows, kangaroo rats, chipmunks, mule deer, fl-tailed jackrabbits, coyotes, and the occasional wandering mountain lion.
		Though nearly all the big trees have been cut and the forest is crisscrossed by old logging roads, you can still enjoy this stately forest along with its associated community of sagebrush, bitterbrush, monkeyflower, prickly phlox, lupine, mule deer, coyote and great-horned owls.
	www.monolake.org /naturalhistory/plants.htm (557 words)

	Plant Communities of the San Gabriel Mountains: Chaparral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Plant Communities of the San Gabriel Mountains: Chaparral
		Fire is a common and natural occurence in the chaparral because of its structure and location.
		Sample CNPS vegetation series, their formal name for a plant community, include descriptions and pictures of the habitat, as well as of the individual species: Bigberry manzanita series, Chamise series, Chaparral whitethorn series, Birchleaf mountain-mahogany series and Yucca from A Manual of California Vegetation
	tchester.org /sgm/plants/communities/chaparral.html (370 words)

	Plants of BMCP
		The limiting growth factor of plants here is water, and consequently the leaves of most of these plants are small to reduce water loss.
		When disturbed land like this is allowed to recover and revegetate naturally, a predictable succession of plants will move in.
		If left undisturbed, the old fields would probably return to creosote bush scrub, except for the fact that the area is increasingly wetter and wetter, so it may even become pockets of fresh water marsh surounded by riparian woodland.
	www.bigmorongo.org /a31Plants.htm (359 words)

	Amazon.com: British Plant Communities: Volume 5, Maritime Communities and Vegetation of Open Habitats (British Plant ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		"...this volume should prove interesting to anyone involved with plant community classification and conservation or the study of biological invasions.
		This is a well-referenced, accessible collection of information about British plant communities and the ecological factors thought to explain their abundance, distribution and dynamics.
		The editor's committment to detailed discussion of ecological factors relevant to plant community maintenance makes this reference text into a valuable sourcebook for future work in ecology."
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521391679?v=glance (542 words)

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