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Topic: Planula

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	AIMS - BIG BANK SHOALS OF THE TIMOR SEA - Coral ecosystems - Reproduction
		The arrival of new juvenile corals to renew populations is an essential process for the long-term viability of diverse coral reef communities.
		Planulae may be produced via external fertilisation or brooding.
		Planula larvae can settle onto a variety of substrates, but recent research suggests that certain chemicals found in reef environments can actively promote attachment of the larvae and stimulate metamorphosis into single coral polyps.
	www.aims.gov.au /pages/reflib/bigbank/pages/bb-09e.html (635 words)

	HMS Student Papers 2004 - Negative effects of the herbicide atrazine on planula settlement in the scyphozoan medusa ...
		Potential effects of atrazine were observed using scyphozoans, model organisms useful as indicators of unbalanced ecosystems, specifically testing effects on cultured planula larvae of the medusa Aurelia labiata.
		Planula settlement was observed over 14 days in seawater with 3 dilutions of atrazine (l ppb, 10 ppb, and 30 ppb).
		Turnover time, when population dominance shifted from free-swimming larvae to sessile polyps, was longest in the highest atrazine dilution relative to the control treatment (6.27 days versus 1.96 days, respectively), indicating a significant treatment effect of atrazine (P=0.0015).
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/miller/student_papers/2004_6.html (205 words)

	Planula Bed and Breakfast - NSW Northern Rivers & Tropical NSW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		PLANULA offers fantastic accommodation and total relaxation in tropical landscaped gardens on 2.5 acres of bushland.
		Breakfast is included with all stays at PLANULA and at night you sample the local cuisine in one of the many fantastic restaurants in Byron or just stay at home and "throw another shrimp on the Barbie..."!
		PLANULA has five modern decorated bedrooms and offers queen-size double, twin share and single accommodation.
	www.romanticgetaways.com.au /details.mgi2?id=10 (313 words)

	Planula Dive Retreat at Australia Adventures
		Planula Dive Retreat - Dive Julian Rocks at Byron Bay with Planula.
		Planula offers beautiful accommodation less than 3 km away from the centre of Byron Bay at the most easterly point of the Australian mainland.
		Planula Divers Retreat is equipped with everything a diver needs and more.
	www.australiaadventures.com /Planula_Australia.htm (58 words)

	The Anton Fig Website :: About Planula Records
		Planula Records Inc. is the name of the record label I have established to sell my record 'Figments'.
		The name comes from a book I used to read my son about a piece of coral, actually the egg that emerges after fertilization and attatches itself to a rock, to become a new piece of coral.
		In the book the planula is pink - hence the color of the logo.
	www.antonfig.com /planula.htm (116 words)

	Gail 1
		Once an egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell, the resulting zygote becomes a planula larva, which needs to find a place to settle and grow into a coral polyp.
		planula larvae must settle before they expire (die)..
		3.Suggest an adaptation that might increase the percentage of planula larvae that successfully settle and attach.
	www.coexploration.org /bbsr/coral/lessons/gail_1.html (734 words)

	Planula larva (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The planula larva is microscopic and sausage-shaped with cilia, and does not eat.
		The animal is a planula larva between the time it develops from a fertilized egg until it settles onto a substrate and becomes sessile.
		The larval stage is the only time in the life cycle of a Cnidarian when the animal is motile and can travel great distances.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Reference/dictionary/Biologie/P/218.html (79 words)

	Sexual Reproduction in Freshwater Jellyfish (Craspedacusta sowerbyi)
		The term "planula" is applied to this swimming stage and creeping stage until they settle somewhere and become polyps.
		Frustules from polyps are very similar to planulae in their morphology and movement.
		The magnification on the photographs of a creeping planula, a frustule, and these two polyps are all the same.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artdec99/fwjelly2.html (989 words)

	Annelids
		After floating at the surface for some time, the planulae swim back down to the bottom, where, if conditions are favorable, they will settle and begin a new colony.
		While spawning is associated with high numbers of eggs and planulae, brooding results in fewer, larger and better-developed planulae.
		Once the planulae settle, they metamorphose into polyps and begin to form colonies which increase in size asexually by budding.
	www.fiu.edu /~goldberg/coralreefs/Polychaetes.htm (1584 words)

	Planula - Bed & Breakfast Retreat - hotels Byron Bay - Need It Now - Last Minute Bargains
		PLANULA offers beautiful accommodation set within 2.5 acres of tropical landscaped gardens, just over 3 km from the centre of Byron Bay.
		PLANULA offers 5 bedrooms, each with modern ensuite bathroom, one with a double spa overlooking our gardens.
		All stays at PLANULA include extensive continental breakfasts each morning with plunger coffee, home baked bread or muffins, a fresh newspaper and much more.
	www.needitnow.com.au /needitnow/needitnow.asp?accommid=36267 (313 words)

	PLANULA B&B Retreat: Byron Bay, B&B holiday accommodation
		PLANULA is a place to relax and unwind.
		PLANULA is a relaxed oasis just 3 kilometers from the heart of Byron.
		PLANULA specialises in diving/accommodation packages and organises any other adventure you would like to embark on.
	www.stayz.com.au /2596 (400 words)

	Bed Breakfast Divers Retreat Accommodation
		PLANULA has five modern decorated bedrooms and offers queensize double, twin share and single accommodation.
		The adjacent wetlands house swamp wallibies, spoonbills, lapwings, herons and ibisses.
		PLANULA offers special diving/accommodation packages and PLANULA also caters for everything a diver needs, including gear storage cage, underwater camera hire, underwater video services and an extensive marine library.
	www.byrongay.com /planula/index.php (481 words)

	Flowers of the sea: Cnidaria
		Fertilised eggs gives a larva called a planula, (looking like a flatworm), which then form a new colony.
		Near the base of some tentacles, little spherical structures appear, each is associated with three tentacles; they are statocysts, or equilibrium organs which are constituted of little bags filled with liquid in which move a rounded statholith made by crystals of calcium salts.
		In other cnidarian species, the planula is directly produced by specialized zooids near the stem base.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artmay01/cnidaria.html (801 words)

	Ernst Haeckel’s Discovery of the Magosphaera planula; a Vestige of Metazoan Origins? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Haeckel named the organism the Magosphaera planula (the “magic ball”) and upon its existence devised a whole new taxon of Protista, the Catallacta (from Latin for “mediator”), which he proposed represented the bridge between the Protophyta and Protozoa.
		This living example of development (Entwicklung) from a single-celled amoeboid form to a multicellular ball-shaped colony (essentially a permanent blastula according to Haeckel) was of obvious significance for Haeckel’s later gastrea theory (1874) of the origin of the metazoa (multicellular animals) from a unicellular Protist ancestor.
		In this paper I offer a history of Haeckel’s discovery of the Magosphaera, the role it played in the development of his gastrea theory, and its ultimate disappearance from later biological discussion.
	www.ishpssb.org /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=338&print=1 (218 words)

	Dive Global :: Dive Global :: Special feature :: Wandy & Tim Hochgrebe from Planula and Underwater Australia
		Planula is the name of the larval stage of anemones, jellyfish or coral following sexual reproduction.
		Divers that come and stay at Planula will find a relaxed place with a lot of marine life identification books, a safe place to dry and store their dive gear, digital camera hire, other divers to chat to and we offer diving/accommodation packages.
		We had to deal with hundreds of different accommodation portal websites and found that there was a need for a comprehensive and unbiased, well designed and user friendly portal for everything underwater in Australia.
	www.diveglobal.com /explore_destinations/special_features/tim_wandy.asp (1136 words)

	the great outdoors
		However, what many don't realise is the fact that Byron also offers some of the finest scuba diving in Australia.
		SunDive, through the Planula Diver's Retreat, runs half-day dives for beginners twice a day all year round.
		Planula Diver's Retreat two-night package is available from $180 per person.
	thegreatoutdoors.com.au /display.php?ID=43&preview=yes (319 words)

	:: CHAMP >> Coral Spawning :: NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program ::
		Finally, the gametes must combine in the process of fertilization and form a planula, or “baby coral.” It is this newly formed planula that is the first building block needed to start a completely new coral colony.
		This planula is released through the mouth of the female coral and drifts or crawls away to settle elsewhere and grow into a new colony.
		In broadcast spawning, which is much more common (Szmant 1986), both male and female gametes are released into the water at the same time, and fertilization occurs when they meet in the water column or at the surface.
	www.coral.noaa.gov /cleo/coral_spawning.shtml (868 words)

	[No title]
		The planula grows into a minute solitary polyp (about lmm in size) which asexually buds off other polyps.
		Examine prepared slides of Aurelia planula, scyphistoma, strobila and ephyra and locate the structures indicated in Fig.
		Soon after the planula larva settles and becomes a juvenile polyp, it begins forming an exoskeleton by secreting the floor of the coral cup.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_41/labcnidaria.doc (4494 words)

	Accommodation Byron Bay : Planula - Bed & Breakfast Retreat in Byron Bay. Welcome to our oasis - relax, indulge, ...
		Accommodation Byron Bay : Planula - Bed and Breakfast Retreat in Byron Bay.
		For a get-away with a difference visit PLANULA for your holiday accommodation or short escape to Byron Bay.
		If you'd like to find out more about diving while staying at PLANULA, go to our dive or video site.
	www.planula.com.au (233 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		With few exceptions, hydrozoans are marine and exhibit a life cycle that consists of the free swimming planula larva, the sessile polyp and the sexual stage, the medusam which is formed from polyps through budding.
		While this classification accurately describes the basic tissue organization of the planula larva and the polyp, the anatomy of the medusa is more complex.
		In bilaterians, the striated and smooth muscle tissues are in general a derivative of the third or middle germ layer, the mesoderm.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/torstoll/snail2.htm (10587 words)

	Jellyfish
		The Planula, which is covered with rapidly beating hairlike cilia, is able to swim and may be carried a considerable distance by ocean currents during it's short swimming period, lasting from a few hours to several days.
		The planula attaches to a rock, shell, pier pilling, or some hard underwater object and immediately begins to grow into a Polyp.
		Furthermore, each Polyp produced from a Planula is able to reproduce new Polyps by a process called budding.
	danenet.wicip.org /mmsd-it/jellyfish.html (1499 words)

	Byron Bay Vacation Rentals Availability Australia Lodging 1522 Rental (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For a get-away with a difference visit PLANULA for your holiday or short eascape, a tranquil oasis on acreage less than 3 km away from the centre of Byron Bay.
		PLANULA offers fantastic accommodation and total relaxation in lush tropical gardens set on 2.5 acres.
		Extensive continental breakfast is included with all stays at PLANULA and is served with fresh fruit, yoghurt, a range of cereal, bread, fruit juice, tea and plunger coffee.
	www.rentalsexpress.com /view_property.php?property_id=1522&views=2 (459 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Aurelia Ephyra-Stage Jellyfish
		Members of the jellyfish in the class Scyphozoa undergo a complex life cycle including a larval medusa or ephyra stage.
		The genus Aurelia demonstrates the typical life stages for this class of invertebrates, which also include the free-swimming planula, the stalked and tentacled schyphistoma polyp, the strobila bud, and the mature medusa stages.
		Between the dominant adult medusa stage and the small and inconspicuous larval polyp stage, Aurelia jellyfishes undergo the ephyra stage.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/aureliaephyra.html (316 words)

	underwater.com.au \| Listing \| Planula Video Productions
		Planula Video Productions provide underwater videography services for both dive centres in Byron Bay - Sundive and the Byron Bay Dive Centre.
		Tim has filmed and produced a number of promotional videos, television segments and a selection of his digital images an video clips are used on several web sites.
		You understand their enthusiasm about experiencing something new and of course most of them have fantastic stories to tell themselves on where to go and what they have seen.
	www.underwater.com.au /listing.php/id/769 (327 words)

	Jellyfish life cycle (Scyphozoa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The free-swimming medusa (the part we call "a jellyfish") is either female or male and produces eggs or sperm which combine to produce a larva, called a 'planula' (plural = planulae).
		bottom dwelling) polyp called a 'scyphistoma' and it is the scyphistoma, still attached to the surface on which the planula settled, that produces a new free-swimming medusa.
		The process by which new medusae are produced is called 'strobilation' and involves metamorphosis of the end of a scyphistoma into an 'ephyra', an immature medusa, that subsequently detaches and swims away.
	www.aquamarine.unsw.edu.au /tS/Biology/Ecology/LifeHistory/ScyphozoaLH.html (239 words)

	underwater.com.au \| Listing \| Planula Divers Retreat
		PLANULA is a beautiful divers retreat in Byron Bay - set within 2.5 acres of tropical landscaped gardens just outside of Byron Bay, you will love the relaxed atmosphere created in this modern BandB style retreat.
		PLANULA offers dive/accommodation packages, safe gear drying and storage areas, underwater videography, camera hire, full divers reference library and much more.
		Please check the PLANULA website for more details, photo galleries and weekly updated diving conditions.
	www.underwater.com.au /listing.php?id=1§ion=contact (241 words)

	PLANULA B&B Retreat in Byron Bay Byron Bay Bed & Breakfast Accommodation Byron Bay BNB Accommodation Byron Bay
		PLANULA B&B Retreat in Byron Bay Byron Bay Bed & Breakfast Accommodation Byron Bay BNB Accommodation Byron Bay
		PLANULA also caters for scuba divers by offering diving/accomodation packages, gear hire/storage, camera hire, videography, divers library and more.
		Please complete the PLANULA B&B Retreat in Byron Bay Accommodation enquiry form below and we will provide you with the required details as soon as possible.
	www.touristaustralia.com.au /online/tao.cgi?ct=bnb&md=second&id=32 (164 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Ultrastructural localization of RFamide-like peptides in neuronal dense-cored vesicles of a cnidarian planula larva.
		Within the neurites, the labeled dense-cored vesicles were found in distinct clusters all along their lengths in close association with the cell membranes, a distribution which suggests that release of the peptide in planulae probably does not occur at specialized synaptic sites.
		Localization of RFamide peptides to dense-cored vesicles of specific neurons in early planulae is significant because of growing evidence on the role of these substances in morphogenesis.
	www.umesci.maine.edu /ams/IB1151.HTM (1735 words)

	Dive Byron Bay with Planula - a SCUBA diver's retreat in Byron Bay! Accommodation, relaxing and diving.
		Dive Byron Bay with Planula - a SCUBA diver's retreat in Byron Bay!
		PLANULA offers beautiful accommodation just over 3 km from the centre of Byron Bay at the most easterly point of the Australian mainland.
		Most diving happens at Julian Rocks Marine Reserve, which is now part of the recently established Cape Byron Marine Park.
	www.planula.com.au /dive/dive.html (300 words)

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