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Topic: Plasma arc welding

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Welding

Gas tungsten arc welding

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	Welding Processes Welding Tutorial
		Submerged arc welding is defined as "an arc welding process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a bare metal electrode or electrodes and the work piece.
		Plasma arc welding (PAW) is defined as "an arc welding process which produces a coalescence of metals by heating them with a constricted arc between an electrode and the work piece (transferred arc) or the electrode and the constricting nozzle (non-transferred arc).
		Resistance welding is "a group of welding processes which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from resistance of the work to electric current in a circuit of which the work is a part, and by the application of pressure".
	www.arconweld.com /welding_faq/welding_tutorial.htm (1542 words)

	Plasma arc welding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The electric arc is formed between an electrode (which is usually but not always made of a sintered tungsten) and the workpiece.
		The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exits the orifice at high velocities (approaching the speed of sound) and a temperature approaching 20,000 °C. Contents
		PAC differs from oxy-fuel cutting in that the plasma process operates by using the arc to melt the metal whereas in the oxy-fuel process, the oxygen oxidizes the metal and the heat from the exothermic reaction melts the metal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plasma_arc_welding (555 words)

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		The metal to be welded is melted by the intense heat of the arc and fuses together.
		Plasma arc welding gives a good weld consistency and no AVC is needed in 99% of applications, sometimes even with wirefeed.
		Welding time can be as short as 0.005 sec, ideal for spot welding of fine wires, while the accurate weld times, combined with precision motion devices, provide for repeatable weld start/stop positions in seam welding.
	www.pro-fusiononline.com /feedback/tp-aug99.htm (1010 words)

	Magnatech: Advanced Weld Repair Technology Extends Plant Life - Orbital Welding Systems
		It has been found that the plasma arc is not electrically neutral [19] and an electrical potential exists between the two ends of the plasma jet due to the difference in mass and thermal velocity between ionized electrons and positive ions [20].
		Because the non-transferred arc does not obey the minimum voltage principle (which governs all transferred arcs and commands them to follow the minimum path between the electrode and the workpiece), its flow is straight and its path is independent of workpiece geometry.
		However, due to the harsh nature of the welding environment and a great number of uncertainties involved in the arc and weld pool, especially when the main arc current is applied, the pool surface depth may differ from the prediction given by equations (1)-(10) considerably.
	www.magnatech-lp.com /articles/sensing.htm (4840 words)

	Arc Welding Processes
		Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) is an electric arc welding process that uses an arc between a continuously fed flux-filled electrode and the weld pool.
		The weld is submerged under this layer of flux and slag- hence the name submerged arc welding.
		In plasma arc welding, a shielded arc is struck between a non consumable electrode and the torch body, and this arc transforms an inert gas into plasma.
	www.robot-welding.com /arc_weld_processes.htm (929 words)

	Safety in Arc Welding and Cutting
		Plasma arc welding is a process in which coalescence is produced by heating with a constricted arc between an electrode and the work piece (transfer arc) or the electrode and the constricting nozzle (nontransfer arc).
		Adequate ventilation is required during the plasma arc welding process due to the brightness of the plasma arc, which causes air to break down into ozone.
		Air carbon arc cutting is an arc cutting process in which metals to be cut are melted by the heat of a carbon arc and the molten metal is removed by a blast of air.
	www.arcraftplasma.com /arcsafety.htm (1855 words)

	An Overview of Arc Welding
		Welding is defined as “to unite (metallic parts) by heating and allowing the metals to flow together or by hammering or compressing with or without previous heating” (Merriam-Webster 2003).
		Carbon arc welding is a type of arc welding that is characterized by the use of electrodes that are made of carbon rather than a metal.
		Submerged arc welding is a little different than most other forms of welding because the arc and the end of the electrode are not visible to the operator.
	www.bsu.edu /web/cwjohnson2/welding.html (5678 words)

	Plasma Arc Welding - PAW
		The plasma welding process was introduced to the welding industry as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges.
		As in TIG welding, the arc is formed between the end of a small diameter tungsten electrode and the workpiece.
		Plasma arc welding is adaptable to both manual and automatic operations, and can be used to produce either continuous or intermittent welds.
	www.robots4welding.com /plasma-arc-welding.htm (452 words)

	Introduction:
		In the plasma arc welding process, the current used and the speed at which the torch moves are two important factors in determining the properties of a weld.
		The plasma arc welding of stainless steel is a vital part of many industrial processes.
		The temperature of the samples during the welding process is also of interest, as temperature affects the micro structure of the metal and therefore its properties.
	www.tufts.edu /as/tampl/summer2000/projects/welding/plasmaweld.htm (610 words)

	Advantages of plasma welding: Often-overlooked PAW offers speed and affordability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plasma arc welding (PAW) often is overlooked when a fusion welding process must be selected for high-integrity applications such as those found in the medical, electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries.
		Plasma gas is ionized in the constricting nozzle and exits the nozzle at high speed.
		While PAW is not as fast as LBW (depending on the application and laser source, LBW may be five times faster than PAW) or EBW, the capital equipment costs for PAW are typically a small fraction of the cost of the high-energy density equipment.
	www2.thefabricator.com /Articles/Welding_Article.cfm?ID=135 (1591 words)

	Powder Plasma Arc Welding, PPAW
		At these higher currents the process characteristics of the plasma arc are similar to the TIG arc, but because the plasma is constricted, the arc is stiffer.
		Plasma welding is used to aluminium with alternating current for cleaning the oxide layer in the surface of the weld pool.
		In comparison to aluminium TIG-welding and medium current plasma welding, the cleaning effect of the arc in keyhole mode is more efficient due to easier oxide removal and oxide blowing from the weld through the keyhole.
	users.tkk.fi /~jtmonone/weld200.htm (1025 words)

	Optimize your plasma performance: 10 steps to proper torch setup, maintenance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The weld that results is a product of high heat concentration delivered through the plasma torch and the shielding gas that protects the molten weld puddle against oxidation.
		Additionally, the arc is columnar, which reduces the chances of damage to adjoining components of the workpiece.
		The arc then is transferred to the weld piece, delivering intense heat to a small area by forcing the gas and arc through a small orifice in the nozzle and tip.
	www2.thefabricator.com /Articles/Welding_Article.cfm?ID=1023 (1147 words)

	Arc welding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arc welding refers to a group of welding processes that use a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point.
		Competing welding processes such as resistance welding and oxyfuel welding were developed during this time as well, but both, especially the latter, faced stiff competition from arc welding especially after metal coverings (known as flux) for the electrode, to stabilize the arc and shield the base material from impurities, continued to be developed.
		Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a semi-automatic or automatic welding process that uses a continuous wire feed as an electrode and an inert or semi-inert shielding gas to protect the weld from contamination.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arc_welding (2495 words)

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		The plasma welding process was introduced to the welding industry in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges.
		Today, plasma retains the original advantages it brought to industry by providing an advanced level of control and accuracy to produce high quality welds in miniature or precision applications and to provide long electrode life for high production requirements.
		Another benefit lies in welding applications involving hermetic sealing of electronic components where the GTAW arc start would cause electrical disturbances possibly damaging the electronic internals of the component to be welded.
	www.pro-fusiononline.com /welding/plasma.htm (1328 words)

	Welding.Com Resource Center - History - welding, equipment, supply, mig, tig, education, courses, schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The CO2 welding process immediately gained favor since it utilized equipment developed for inert gas metal arc welding, but could now be used for economically welding steels.
		This development was the short-circuit arc variation which was known as Micro-wire®, short-arc, and dip transfer welding, all of which appeared late in 1958 and early in 1959.
		The electron beam welding process, which uses a focused beam of electrons as a heat source in a vacuum chamber, was developed in France.
	www.welding.com /history_of_welding3.shtml (779 words)

	Plasma Arc Welding Torch
		A modification to a plasma arc welding torch has been designed, under a NASA contract, which utilizes a swirl ring inside the body of the torch to create a vortex in the plasma gas.
		Generally, plasma arc welding is performed by directing an inert gas across the tip of an electrode in the torch body and onto the subjects being welded.
		The continuous circular motion imposed upon the arc by the vortexing also decreases electrode and orifice degradation thus eliminating arc asymmetry during long duration welding processing.
	techtran.msfc.nasa.gov /Patents/(09).html (372 words)

	processes such as Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Plasma Arc Welding
		Welding is the process by which 2 metal parts are joined by melting the parts at the points of contact and simultaneously forming a connection with molten metal from these same parts or from a consumable electrode.
		Welding is an important industrial skill with applications in agriculture, mining, transportation, aviation, oil and gas, and construction.
		However, the welding or machine shop operator is the final user of all tangible personal property used in rendering the service and, therefore, the flsmith or operator is liable for tax on the cost of goods used.
	www.clickerado.com /w/welding/arc_welding.htm (2235 words)

	Used Robots.com: Plasma Arc Welding
		The arc is formed between an electrode (which is usually but not always made of a sintered tungsten) and the workpiece.
		The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exits the orifice at high velocities (approaching the speed of sound) and a temperature approaching 20,000 °C. Plasma arc welding is an advancement over the GTAW process.
		Several basic PAW process variations are possible by varying the current, plasma gas flow rate, and the orifice diameter.
	www.used-robots.com /plasma-arc-welding-article1.htm (177 words)

	Plasma Welding
		Weld in a single pass up to 6 mm plates in square butt position and 10 mm plates in only two passes.
		Plasma arc welding (PAW) is a advanced version of the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process.
		TIG welding has a free-burning arc, which is unstable and tends to wander in the low current range.
	www.arcraftplasma.com /welding/plasma-welding.htm (889 words)

	Plasma Arc Welding equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plasma Arc technology is a method by which similar and dissimilar materials are easily and consistently joined.
		A high density plasma arc enables the MAW welder to weld materials in 0.1 millisecond, minimizing the heat affect zone and producing stronger, more ductile weld joints with little discoloration or deformation.
		Plasma Arc Welding uses a simplified and controlled process so operators can achieve high integrity welds with minimal training.
	www.mtimicrowelding.com /mawarcwelder.cfm (352 words)

	Classification and Designation of Welding Filler Materials
		EN 12072 standard that covers classification of wire electrodes, wires and rods for gas shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding and submerged arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels.
		For stainless steel welding consumables there is no unique relationship between the product form (wire electrode, wire or rod) and the welding process used (gas shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, plasma arc welding or submerged arc welding).
		Proof and tensile strength of the weld metal made by this grade is expected to conform with the minimum requirements contained in the mechanical properties table.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art83.htm (1442 words)

	Plasma Welding
		Plasma welding offers advanced levels of control, arc stability and weld consistency for high quality welds either in miniature or precision applications.
		It has been used in a variety of operations ranging from high volume welding of micro components, to precision welding of surgical instruments, to automatic repair of jet engine blades to the manual welding for repair of components in the tool, die and mold industry.
		With high performance welding equipment, the plasma process produces exceptionally high quality welds on a variety of materials.
	www.processwelding.com /pws_new/plasma_welding.htm (346 words)

	Plasma Arc Welding Weld Imaging
		An optical system to integrate into a plasma arc welding torch, which allows continuous monitoring of the progress of the weld as it is being formed, has been designed at the Marshall Space Flight Center.
		The welding operation can be vastly improved by having a remote view of the leading edge of the weld pool and the welding arc initiation point.
		The second assembly, having an image formed by a lens from light received from the weld pool, transmits the images to monitoring devices.
	techtran.msfc.nasa.gov /Patents/(04).html (319 words)

	Plasma Team News
		An innovative high current gas tungsten arc welding technology for melt-in and keyhole mode combines the high quality and cleanliness of conventional GTAW with a high depth of penetration..
		A new concept in plasma arc hardfacing optimizes dilution in the first layer, even on very thick substrates, reports Mario Marconi, who describes its benefits for manufacturers and designers.
		An innovative plasma arc welding process for the butt-joint welding of thick-walled pipes and powder finishing in one process and without defects is described by Mario Marconi.
	www.plasmateam.com /News/body_news.html (449 words)

	Taylor Winfield \| Arc Welding
		We have developed a wide variety of arc welding solutions for specificapplications.
		Using our more than 75 years of arc welding experience we can developMig, Tig, Plasma and automated arc welding solutions for virtually any application.
		We can also help you determine the best process for your application and supply the right tooling package, controls and work handling equipment for your job.
	www.taylor-winfield.com /Arc_Welding/arc_welding.html (62 words)

	Arc-Zone.com - High Quality Plasma Arc Welding Torch Packages, Consumables and Replacement Parts
		Maximize your plasma arc welding operations using the best performing tungsten electrodes available.
		Choose from OEM grind specifications and materials or improve your system’s performance with new state-of-the-art materials engineered to enhance weld quality and boost performance.
		Enhance your welding operations and lower your tungsten costs with a dedicated tungsten grinder.
	www.arc-zone.com /catalog/web_store.cgi?page=thermalweld.html (203 words)

	Saint Paul College // Programs // Welding
		Welding/fabrication is widely used in the aircraft, automobile, trucking, shipbuilding, pipefitting, plumbing, sheetmetal, ironworking and other trades that use metal.
		Oxyacetylene welding and cutting, shielded metal, gas metal, gas tungsten arc welding and plasma arc welding, plasma arc cutting, flux core arc welding and submerged arc welding.
		Graduates of the Welding programs usually have the choice of many immediate employment opportunities.
	www.saintpaul.edu /academics/programs/Trade/Welding/index.aspx (196 words)

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