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Topic: Plasma spraying

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	Plasma Spray - Thermal Spray Coating Process
		The plasma is initiated by a high voltage discharge which causes localised ionisation and a conductive path for a DC arc to form between cathode and anode.
		The plasma exits the anode nozzle as a free or neutral plasma flame (plasma which does not carry electric current) which is quite different to the Plasma Transferred Arc coating process where the arc extends to the surface to be coated.
		Plasma sprayed coatings are generally much denser, stronger and cleaner than the other thermal spray processes with the exception of HVOF and detonation processes.
	www.gordonengland.co.uk /ps.htm (538 words)

	Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A carrier gas feeds the coating powder into the plasma flame (inside or outside the torch) where it is melted and sprayed onto the pre-treated component surface.
		Since the dwell time of the powder in the plasma is very short (some 10-6 s) and the spraying materials must be fully molten without vaporizing, it is important that the optimum particle size is strictly adhered to.
		Plasma spray coatings are characterized by a relatively good adhesive strength (20 - 70 MPa) and a porosity that can be adjusted for the application in question between 1% to 20%.
	www.mtumaintenance.com /en/glossar/A/aps.html (208 words)

	Plasma Science and Technology - Exhibition - Home, Business & Transportation
		Plasma spraying of surface coatings for temperature and wear resistance, treatment of engine exhaust compounds, and ion thrusters for space flight.
		Plasma displays generally consist of two glass plates, each containing parallel electrodes, sealed to form an envelope filled with a neon and xenon gas mixture.
		Plasma sources and magnetic field control of gyrating charged plasma particles are important for the separation of stable isotopes for medical and industrial use.
	www.plasmas.org /rot-home.htm (581 words)

	Aludra BV - Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
		The plasma spraying process involves the latent heat of ionized inert gas (Plasma) being used to create the heat source.
		A material in various powder forms is sprayed into the heat source.
		The high heat, conductivity and extremely high transport speed of the molten particles of this plasma flame, will ensure optimal bond strength, homogeneity and purity of the sprayed layer.
	www.aludra.nl /Eng/Technology/APS/Atmosphericplasmaspraying.htm (92 words)

	Process and apparatus for coating a member by plasma spraying - Patent 4505945
		A process according to claim 1, wherein the member is cooled by spraying droplets of at least one liquid close to its saturation temperature, said droplets being confined in the area of the member where plasma spraying takes place.
		The member is cooled by spraying droplets of at least one liquid close to its saturation temperature, said droplets being confined to the area of the member where plasma spraying takes place, the liquid close to its saturation temperature preferably being a liquefied gas.
		Plasma spraying is carried out by means of a gun 10, which can move along a template 12 by means of a drive mechanism 13.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4505945.html (4358 words)

	Bristol Metal Spraying & Protective Coatings Ltd - Plasma Spraying
		Plasma is used to apply thermal barrier coatings of Zirconia and alumina that will resist temperatures of up to 1000°C and provide electrical insulation and high wear resistance.
		This component is plasma sprayed with a zirconia thermal barrier to prevent heat transference/heat soak damage to adjacent parts.
		Plasma sprayed coatings are used widely in the aerospace industry to offer hard wearing surfaces/coatings onto the light weight new technology fabrications/components.
	www.bmspc.co.uk /plasma_spray.htm (419 words)

	Method and device for coating high temperature components by means of plasma spraying - US Patent 6537605 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An infrared detector is used to determine the position of the jet spot of the plasma jet on the component to be coated, and the application of the coating is influenced during the coating by controlling the powder flow and the carrier gas of the powder.
		The positional variations of the component relative to the plasma jet, on the one hand, and a method parameter of the plasma spraying, on the other hand, can be coordinated with one another in accordance with the temperature distribution such that temperature gradients on the surface of the component are reduced.
		The plasma jet 12 produced in the plasma spraying apparatus 16 is directed onto a component 10 to be coated, which is arranged in the coating chamber 17.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6537605.html (8035 words)

	Tekna suspension plasma spraying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) is a new process based on a suspension of fine (<10 μm) or even ultra-fine (<100 nm) powders axially fed into the RF plasma through an atomization probe.
		The suspension is brought into the plasma discharge by an atomizing probe using a pressurized gas to shear the suspension and thus atomize it into a stream of fine droplets.
		The plasma discharge vaporizes the carrier substance and agglomerates the small solid particles into partially or totally melted drops, which are accelerated to hit the substrate and form thereon the coating or near net shape body.
	www.tekna.com /5_4.htm (370 words)

	Device for the production of a protective gas mantle in plasma spraying - Patent 5154354 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		According to the invention in a spray nozzle or spray gun designed in the known way, the protective gas nozzle with a core hollow space is arranged concentrically around the spray jet nozzle or plasma jet.
		The known devices for the forming of a plasma jet 2 which consists of a carrier gas and the melted coating material, as well as the feeds for the coating material, are not shown.
		Depending upon the shape of plasma jet 2 desired, the closing area 9 is given a definite angle 18 in the portion of the outlet edge 11 on the spray jet nozzle 5.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5154354.html (2987 words)

	Plasma spraying
		The plasma spraying process uses a DC electric arc to generate a stream of high temperature ionised plasma gas, which acts as the spraying heat source.
		Plasma spraying produces a high quality coating by a combination of a high temperature, high energy heat source, a relatively inert spraying medium and high particle velocities, typically 200-300 m.sec
		Spraying of seal ring grooves in the compressor area of aeroengine turbines with tungsten carbide/cobalt to resist fretting wear.
	www.joinit.com /j32k/getfile/surf23.html (292 words)

	Atmospheric plasma spraying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plasma spraying is the most flexible material deposition process, which is used today for coating of different substrate material, usually metals, with the same or any other materials: metals, composite materials (metal-ceramic) or ceramic material, depending on the engineering functions that such a deposited coat should perform in service.
		A deposit material is generally in powder form and requires a carrier gas to feed the powder into the plasma jet formed by passing the plasma forming gas mixture, either nitrogen or argon based, between the hot cathode and the cylindrical nozzle-shaped anode.
		Higher plasma speed and a longer plasma plume both are conducive to a higher heat and momentum transfer from plasma to particles of depositing material.
	www.plasmajet.co.yu /gunmore.htm (974 words)

	A torch nozzle design to improve plasma spraying techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Abstract- The effects of nozzle design on the plasma characteristics of supersonic flow conditions are investigated using a D.C. plasma jet under low-pressure plasma spraying conditions.
		Emission spectroscopy is used to study the temperature and electron density distributions in the plasma jets produced by the different nozzle configurations.
		The effects of the observed modifications of the temperature and electron density fields on the properties of the plasma sprayed deposits are studied using Rene 80 powders which are sprayed using both types of nozzle under similar operating conditions.
	www.chimique.usherbrooke.ca /crtp/pubs/ABSTRACT/Art725.htm (153 words)

	Equipment of a new generation supersonic gas-plasma spraying and cutting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The supersonic gas-plasma spraying technique consists in uninterrupted burning of combustible gas (propane, butane) and oxygen, creation of a high-rate jet at the nozzle output and introduction of the sprayed material powder in the gas flow.
		By costs, complexity, requirements to the personnel skills the equipment is on a par with available subsonic burners for flame spraying and significantly exceeds them by the quality of coatings applied.
		By efficiency it is not inferior to modern facilities for plasma spraying with the process costs 1.5 - 2 times lower.
	www.icsti.su /rbd/eng/tech_e/0042e.html (303 words)

	Thermal Spray Glossary
		A thermal spraying process in which a nontransferred arc is utilized as the source of heat that ionizes a gas which melts and propels the coating material to the workpiece.
		A thermal spraying process variation in which the material to be sprayed is in powder form; all oxyfuel gas processes.
		Curtains or portable fireproof canvas shields, sometimes required to enclose work areas, when there is a possibility of the spray stream being misdirected, or where the glare of the arc or flame could injure unprotected eyes.
	www.asm-intl.org /tss/glossary/p.htm (478 words)

	Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics High-efficient equipment and technologies for plasma spraying, powder ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Multipurpose plasma torch with an interelectrode insertion and "diffusive" attachment of arc on the anode surface is intended for highly efficient spraying the coatings, powder processing, and surface treatment.
		High density of the heat flux from a laminar plasma jet into the treated material, which permits to use the torch for: (i) fusing the coatings with the aim of increasing adhesion and cohesion, and decreasing porosity, (ii) surface hardening and plasma mechanical treatment, (iii) spheroidization of powders of refractory materials.
		Plasma spraying and post treatment of wear resistant, abrasively and cavitatively resistant coatings.
	www.itam.nsc.ru /eng/applications/solon.html (425 words)

	Dispositif tubulaire à passage direct de courant pour traiter les poudres
		A new process using preheating of powders dramatically improves the quality of spraying ceramic coatings in general but especially that of thick coatings deposited from particles with diameters greater than 50 µm.
		Powerful plasma or conventional flame torches are used to deposit molten ceramics or metals on substrate surfaces.
		The powder is transported by a gas carrier, typically at 5 to 10 liters per minute, in a flexible hose to an injector on the projection torch.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /albin.czernichowski/efluidre.htm (1065 words)

	Vacuum plasma spraying of coatings and composites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Vacuum plasma spraying is the injection of metal or ceramic powder (10-50microns) into a hot gas plasma (~10,000K) which melts and projects the molten droplets at high velocity onto a substrate to form a coating.
		After evacuation, the spray chamber is filled with inert gas and maintained at low pressure (~100mbar) during spraying to allow coatings of reactive materials to be produced without oxidation.
		Vacuum plasma spraying is preferred to atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) for oxidation sensitive materials such as Ti alloys, and/or where improved adhesion and density is required.
	users.ox.ac.uk /%7Epgrant/vps.html (281 words)

	Optical Monitoring of Plasma Spraying Using a CCD Camera Detector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plasma spraying is a process involving a large amount of partly independent parameters that are difficult to optimize.
		The aim of this project is to develop a simple and rugged CCD camera based thermal spray monitoring system that is suitable also for industrial use.
		The spray monitor system developed in Plasma Technology Laboratory is currently on prototype level.
	www.tut.fi /optics/aoresearch/plaspray/index.html (311 words)

	Chalmers Publications: 913 The Prediction of Fluid Flow, Particle In-Flight and Coating Characteristics in Atmospheric ...
		The aim of this thesis is to make a contribution to the development and application of models for the simulation and optimisation of plasma spray processes in production engineering.
		Plasma jet flow field and plasma-particle interactions are predicted using two different models: by use of an in-house computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code in combination with a model for particle injection, and also by use of a commercial CFD code, the latter which has been adapted to plasma spraying by application programming.
		The results of the present work add some pieces to this puzzle, indicating that the models developed may be combined into powerful and cost-effective tools for the evaluation and optimisation of the plasma spray process.
	publications.lib.chalmers.se /records/full_record/913.html (340 words)

	GAS-PLASMA SPRAYING OF COATINGS. APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES
		The gas-flame spraying of coatings is based on heating of a powdered material in a hyper-thermal flame, which is generated at combustion of propane of butane or acetylene in oxygen.
		Is intended for a spraying of the broad nomenclature of powdered materials and creation of tear-proof, rustproof coatings, as well as coatings, nonperishable to erosion, cavitation, to thermal effects.
		Due to gas-flame spraying it is possible to recondition bushes from bronzes, and also to exchange parts from bronzes on iron with vapor-deposited coating.
	www.icm.by /_private/developments/p200/indexe.html (970 words)

	Plasma Spraying Services
		The Ames Laboratory Plasma Spray (ALPS) Facility uses Ames Laboratory's skill and expertise with materials to make new metal and ceramic coating to improved wear or corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical insulation, and oxidation protection.
		An initial ALPS Facility activity was to develop coatings for crucible liners, which are able to contain molten materials that are very reactive and have high melting temperatures.
		Plasma spheroidization of refractory powers to produce spherical, dense particles with specific phase contents and properties (Longyear Co.);
	www.mpc.ameslab.gov /services/plasma_spray.html (220 words)

	Catalogo Articoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plasma spraying is known to be a promising process for the manufacturing of Ti/SiC long-fiber composites.
		These include: oxygen contamination of the sprayed material through that of titanium particles before and during spraying, damage to fibers due to a high level of thermal stressesinduced at the spraying stage, adequate deposition of titanium-base powderto achieve a low-porosity matrix and good impregnation of the fiber array.
		On the scale of the sprayed powder flow, a two-dimensional new type of model simulating the deposition of droplets onto a substrate was developed.
	serials.cib.unibo.it /cgi-ser/start/it/spogli/df-s.tcl?prog_art=900313&language=ITALIANO&view=articoli (310 words)

	Stryker Howmedica Osteonics - Allendale, NJ:Robotic Plasma Spraying and Ceramic Powder Manufacturing
		This process involves loading the plasma gun with hydroxylapatite, and using a plasma flame to spray the partially melted powder onto the part.
		Robotic Plasma Spraying is used to coat the parts.
		This process involves loading the plasma gun with HA powder, and using a plasma flame to spray the partially melted powder onto the part.
	www.bmpcoe.org /bestpractices/internal/sho/sho_3.html (579 words)

	Orenda Turbines, Division of Magellan Aerospace Corporation - Mississauga, Ontario, Canada:Plasma Spraying
		In the past, thermal spray processes at Orenda Turbines were subcontracted to several off-site vendors in the U.S. and Canada.
		The Miller 4500 Robotic Spray system consists of a six-axis articulated arm robot integrated with a turntable and a programmable controller.
		Plasma spraying is a complex process that requires dedicated technical support to achieve consistent quality.
	www.bmpcoe.org /bestpractices/internal/ortur/ortur_17.html (325 words)

	Bibliographic Database
		Improvement of the properties of thermally sprayed ceramic coating by the infiltration of the adhesives.
		Characterization of plasma sprayed bioglass coatings on titanium.
		Plasma spraying of mechanofused carbide-oxide and carbide-metal powders: the influence of chemical composition of a protective shell.
	content.csa.com /biblio/ne0C1518.html (3248 words)

	Fluid dynamics study of direct current plasma jets for plasma spraying applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Abstract- Recently, direct current (DC) plasma torches equipped with convergin-diverging (Laval) nozzles, instead of standard cylindrical ones, have been shown to present several advantages for both vacuum and atmospheric plasma spraying, such as diminishing the gradients of temperature and velocity and reducting the turbulence intensity in the jet fringes.
		the present study was concerned with the diagnostics of the plasma jets produced by three nozzles of various contours: a standard cylindrical anode and a Mach 2.5 and Mach 3 Laval nozzle.
		Special attention was given to the effects of spray chamber pressure on flow regime inside the nozzles and to the distribution of the temperature and velocity fields in the plasma jet.
	www.chimique.usherbrooke.ca /crtp/pubs/ABSTRACT/Art790.htm (202 words)

	Atmospheric plasma spraying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Plasma Jet developed an APS installation for a domestic foundry.
		The construction of the plasma gun enables the production of plasma jet with a more homogeneous temperature profile, with greater thrust and length of the ejected plasma, compared to equipment developed by other companies.
		This can be observed on the photograph of plasma obtained with the high speed camera Imacon 790 (recording speeds: 1,000,000 frames/s).
	www.plasmajet.co.yu /aps.htm (202 words)

	ME 8800 Seminar - Plasma Spraying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The influence of the designs of the plasma forming gas injector, arc chamber, anode-nozzle, electrical connection and that of the working parameters: arc current, forming gas mass flow rate and composition will be discussed as well as the electrode erosion and the stability of the working conditions.
		A thermally sprayed coating results from the impact of molten or semi-molten particles striking a prepared surface where they flatten and form thin platelets (splats) that conform and adhere first to the substrate surface and then to the previously deposited layers.
		In plasma spraying new droplets impact on solidified splats and their layering is a very complex thermal problem.
	www.me.umn.edu /education/courses/me8800/s00/seminar_series1.html (812 words)

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