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Topic: Plasmodium ovale

	Plasmodium ovale
		Parasites of Plasmodium ovale are usually found in enlarged and stippled red cells (James's dots), similar to those found in Plasmodium vivax infections.
		A trophozoite of Plasmodium ovale, the red cell exhibiting an oval shape.
		A schizont of Plasmodium ovale, the oval red cell exhibiting fimbriation.
	www.btinternet.com /~ukneqas.parasitologyscheme/Blood_Scheme/Teaching_Information/Plasmodium_ovale/plasmodium_ovale.html (207 words)

	Plasmodium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1898 Ronald Ross demonstrated the existence of Plasmodium in the stomach of the Anopheles mosquito.
		Plasmodium falciparum (the cause of malignant tertian malaria)
		Plasmodium malariae (the cause of benign quartan malaria)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plasmodium (386 words)

	Human Plasmodium Species
		The four major human Plasmodium species are found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world and exhibit overlapping geographical distributions.
		ovale are enlarged and exhibit Schüffner's dots as the rings mature into trophozoites.
		ovale gametocytes are in enlarged erythrocytes with Schüffner's dots and are difficult to distinguish from each other.
	www.tulane.edu /~wiser/protozoology/notes/pl_sp.html (838 words)

	Plasmodium ovale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plasmodium ovale is a species of parasitic protozoa that causes tertian (recurring) malaria in humans.
		It is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are responsible for most malaria.
		ovale that has been sitting in EDTA for more than half-an-hour before the blood film is made will look very similar in appearance to P.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plasmodium_ovale (251 words)

	Malaria - MSN Encarta
		Plasmodium falciparum is the most common species in tropical areas and is transmitted primarily during the rainy season.
		Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed parasite, existing in temperate as well as tropical climates.
		Plasmodium ovale is a relatively rare parasite, restricted to tropical climates and found primarily in eastern Africa.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761566151/Malaria.html (1395 words)

	Plasmodium (the genus of pathogens causing malaria) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The pathogens causing malaria are four species of Plasmodium and they are transmitted from person to person by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
		Plasmodium falciparum needs an average ambient temperature of at least 20ºC so is found mainly in warmer parts of the world.
		ovale is is considered a relapsing malaria, so named because it can remain in a dormant hypnozoite stage for very long periods (years) in the liver.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/apicomplexa/plasmodium.htm (1387 words)

	Plasmodium ovale: Parasite and Disease -- Collins and Jeffery 18 (3): 570 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		Plasmodium ovale is a relapsing infection in that secondary
		Plasmodium ovale is a relapsing malaria parasite with a latent
		The Nigerian I/CDC strain of Plasmodium ovale in chimpanzees.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/18/3/570 (5176 words)

	Blood-Borne Protozoa
		Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae are encountered in all shaded areas of the map (with P. falciparum by far the most prevalent).
		Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale are traditionally thought to occupy complementary niches, with P. ovale predominating in Sub-Saharan Africa and P. vivax in the other areas; however these two species are not always distinguishable on the basis of morphologic characteristics alone; the use of molecular tools will help clarify their exact distribution.
		Plasmodium ovale: Trophozoites Smears from patients: Note the lack of ameboidicity in the older trophozoites (B,C) and the fimbriation of the erythrocyte in C. The erythrocytes in P. ovale infections are less enlarged than with P. vivax, and are not as deformed.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /parasitology/blood-proto.htm (8222 words)

	Malaria Review Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Malaria is an acute and/or chronic infection caused by protozoans of the genus Plasmodium.
		Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the greatest morbidity and mortality and is often chloroquine resistant.
		Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale have a hepatic phase that must be treated with a tissue schizonticide as well as a blood schizonticide.
	www.ratsteachmicro.com /Malaria_notes/HCOE_CAI_Review_Notes_Malaria.htm (1921 words)

	CDC - Molecular Analysis of Plasmodium ovale Variants
		ovale tend to be associated with higher levels of parasitemia, when compared with levels associated with classic-type parasites (2,4,11), may be the result of more dramatic biologic differences between these types, with possible clinical implications.
		Plasmodium ovale infections detected by PCR assay in Lao PDR.
		Isolation and characterization of a cysteine proteinase gene of Plasmodium falciparum.
	www.cdc.gov /Ncidod/EID/vol10no7/03-0411.htm (3095 words)

	Parasitology Proficiency Testing Program @ Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plasmodium falciparum is one of the four species of malaria known to infect humans.
		Plasmodium malariae is the least common species of malaria to infect humans and is sporadic in distribution.
		Plasmodium vivax is the most common species of malaria to infect humans.
	www.wadsworth.org /parasitology/BBOcritiquesJun05.htm (1343 words)

	Plasmodium falciparum
		Four species of Plasmodium are known to cause disease in humans, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. falciparum, the latter being the most virulent and the major cause of mortality (de Souze and Riley, 2002).
		Description: Various isolates of Plasmodium falciparum originally obtained from patients attending outpatient clinics in hospitals either in the respective countries of origin of the isolate or in the United States were cryopreserved and later thawed and cultured continuously (Udeinya et al., 1983).
		Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 12 is predicted to encode 529 genes, including 23 genes from known Plasmodium-specific protein-encoding gene families (eight vars, twelve rifs, and three stevors) and three transfer RNA genes.
	pathport.vbi.vt.edu /pathinfo/pathogens/falciparum_2.html (10131 words)

	Co
		Plasmodium falciparum is the most important malaria parasite, found in the tropics and sub-tropics, being responsible for approximately 50% of all malaria cases.
		Plasmodium falciparum infections are not enlarged and they may have a spiky outline which is common in cells which have dried slowly.
		Plasmodium ovale is widely distributed in tropical Africa especially the west coast, despite that it is a species that is rarely encountered.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~ceb/Diagnosis/Vol9.htm (3271 words)

	plasmodium falciparum : Impact Malaria: paludisme, information for the public and healthcare professionals - plasmodium ...
		plasmodium falciparum Resistance to these new molecules may also develop rapidly, if they are not used judiciously, only evidence of the parasite may provide a sure diagnosis and lead to appropriate treatment..
		Of the 4 plasmodial species that can live as a parasite in humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae, the most important is Plasmodium falciparum since it is both the most widespread and the only one capable of producing fatal complications, the Plasmodia develop inside red blood cells.
		plasmodium falciparum In addition, the development of all the Plasmodia quickly becomes synchronous, so that all the infected red blood cells burst at the same time and release both the parasites and the hemozoin they contained, this blood \'\'cycle\'\' is the explanation for the periodicity of malarial fevers.
	www.impact-malaria.com /malaria_plasmodium/plasmodium-falciparum.htm (472 words)

	Malaria Pages for Hoslink and Australian Pathlink
		Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum.
		Plasmodium falciparum Chromosome 3 Graphic Display P. falciparum Chromosome 3 Images of the sequenced and annotated region of P. falciparum chromosome 2 are drawn in panes of 20,000 bp each.
		Aotus infulatus Monkey is Susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum...
	www.hoslink.com /malaria.htm (3854 words)

	Plasmodium - MicrobeWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plasmodium, the parasite responsible for human malaria, is among the most researched genera of parasites in the world.
		Plasmodium is one of the oldest known parasites; its long history suggests a long, adaptive relationship with the human host.
		The four species of Plasmodium that affect humans are different morphologically, slightly in terms of their life cycles, in terms of their host erythrocite preferences, and varying clinical symptoms.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Plasmodium (832 words)

	Plasmodium ovale Information
		Plasmodium ovale is a species of parasitic protozoa that causes tertian (recurring) malaria in humans.
		It is closely related to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are responsible for most malaria.
		ovale that has been sitting in EDTA for more than half-an-hour before the blood film is made will look very similar in appearance to P.
	www.bookrags.com /Plasmodium_ovale (228 words)

	plasmodium ovale : Impact Malaria: paludisme, information for the public and healthcare professionals - plasmodium ...
		plasmodium ovale : Impact Malaria: paludisme, information for the public and healthcare professionals - plasmodium falciparum, malaria africa.
		plasmodium ovale Caused by microscopic parasites, Plasmodia, this disease is transmitted by the bite of certain mosquitoes, the Anopheles, its symptoms include bouts of a special type of fever, as well as an increase in the volume of the spleen and various other disorders.
		But malaria may involve complications such as cerebral attacks causing a fatal coma, especially among young children living in malaria-endemic areas or among expatriates and tourists, globally, malaria thrives in various inter-tropical regions, with the obvious exception of the desert areas or high mountains.
	www.impact-malaria.com /malaria_plasmodium/plasmodium-ovale.htm (348 words)

	Plants and Medicine - Malaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plasmodium falciparum is the most dangerous parasite, it can lead to life-threatening complications just after the first couple days of infection.
		Infections with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale are most often quite less severe, so much that it is possible for a person to recover from infection with theses parasites over time, without any medical treatment.
		A known problem caused by P. vivax and P. ovale is that the parasites might stay in the liver, resulting in the need for extra drug treatment to prevent the relapse of Malaria.
	www.edu.pe.ca /rural/botany/medicin/Malaria.htm (531 words)

	Malaria: Parasitic Infections: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale can remain in the liver in a dormant form that periodically releases mature parasites into the bloodstream, causing recurring attacks of symptoms.
		A decrease in the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood can occur in people infected with Plasmodium falciparum and may be severe in people who have a large number of parasites in their blood—particularly if they are treated with the drug quinine.
		Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae tends to be less severe, although these parasites can remain in the blood for long periods, producing fever, chills, headache, poor appetite, fatigue, and a general feeling of illness (malaise).
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec17/ch196/ch196h.html (1386 words)

	Plasmodium in human blood cells, malaria, molecular models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plasmodium falciparium rates second in prevalence and is chiefly a tropical species.
		Plasmodium ovale is the rarest of the four species and is apparently more restricted in distribution.
		Plasmodium vivax may cause relapses years later because of secondary exoerythrocytic cycles.
	www.buddycom.com /cells/malaria (566 words)

	[Full text] Plasmodium species mixed infections in two areas of Manhiça District, Mozambique
		Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species, being found in the vast majority of infected individuals regardless of the presence of other species.
		Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species occurring in 100% and 98% of the infected population, either in single or mixed infections.
		ovale from the wet to the dry season since this parasite is able to relapse after long periods of dormancy in the liver [31].
	www.biolsci.org /v01p0096.htm (3954 words)

	mal
		There are four Plasmodium protozoa (single-celled parasites) which are the causative agents of malaria; Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae.
		The Plasmodium is identified as a Protozoan or Sporozoan species of the Apicomplexa phylum (6).
		Malaria is diagnosed by observation of a thick blood smear for Plasmodium (6).
	www.austincc.edu /microbio/2993j/mal.htm (1696 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Plasmodium ovale - WrongDiagnosis.com
		It is the rarest of the four species of PLASMODIUM infecting humans, but is common in West African countries and neighboring areas.
		Plasmodium ovale: Type of or association with medical condition Malaria.
		Plasmodium ovale: Plasmodium ovale is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Malaria
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/plasmodium_ovale.htm (183 words)

	NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Malaria
		Malaria is an illness caused by infection of the red blood cells with the parasite Plasmodium.
		Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious and may be life-threatening if not treated quickly.
		Most fl Africans show a natural resistance to infection with Plasmodium vivax due to the absence of a specific factor on the surface of their red blood cells.
	www.state.nj.us /health/cd/f_malaria.htm (685 words)

	Microscope Images - Parasites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Plasmodium is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopholes
		The mosquito is the definitive host for Plasmodium because in her the sexual cycle of Plasmodium development occurs.
		Plasmodium multiplies inside human red blood cells, as seen in these 1000 X images.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~johnson/labtools/Dparasite/malaria.html (154 words)

	[No title]
		Thus for example P. berghei XE " Plasmodium berghei: malaria in animals" and P. chabaudi XE " Plasmodium chabaudi: malaria in animals" are known in rodents.
		Anthropoids may also be infected: P. pitheci XE "Plasmodium pitheci: malaria in animals" (orang utans) and P. schwetzi XE "Plasmodium schwetzi: malaria in animals" as well as P. reichenowi XE "Plasmodium reichenowi: malaria in animals" in the case of gorillas and chimpanzees.
		ovale XE "Plasmodium ovale: malaria, diagnosis" is often found in a thin smear preparation in rather oval-shaped, sometimes distorted red blood cells.
	www.itg.be /itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/Teksten/sylabus/02_Malaria.doc (20040 words)

	Malaria Treatment
		Two weeks later, the Plasmodium bursts out of the liver and spills into the blood-stream where it begins a repeated cycle of invading red blood cells, multiplying still more and then bursting out of the cells and re-invading more red blood cells.
		There are 4 different species of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans but the 2 most important are Plasmodium falciparum - which is the most severe form - and Plasmodium vivax.
		Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant form of the malaria parasite in Africa whereas Plasmodium vivax is much more common in Asia and South America.
	www.saparks.com /Malaria/malaria_treatment.htm (1252 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 83
		Malaria is caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium.
		In P vivax and P ovale malaria, a brood of schizonts matures every 48 hr, so the periodicity of fever is tertian ("tertian malaria"), whereas in P malariae disease, fever occurs every 72 hours ("quartan malaria").
		Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch083.htm (5653 words)

	Four species of Plasmodium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Humans can be infected by four species of Plasmodium parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae.
		Symptomatic infection with Plasmodium falciparum in most cases causes uncomplicated malaria, which can be very unpleasant but is not an immediate threat to life.
		When P. vivax, ovale or malariae cause symptoms, the clinical picture generally resembles uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but there are some important differences.
	malaria.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTD023864.html (340 words)

	Plasmodium definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Plasmodium: The parasite guilty in the case of malaria (paludism).
		Plasmodium is a type of protozoa, a single-celled organism able to divide only within a host cell.
		Plasmodium vivax, the species causing vivax malaria which is milder than falciparum malaria.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4939 (228 words)

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