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Topic: Plastic deformation

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Materials science

Elastic

Work hardening

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	plasticdeformation
		When a material is stressed beyond its elastic limit, plastic or permanent deformation takes place, and it will not return to its original shape by the application of force alone.
		The ability of a metal to undergo plastic deformation is probably its most outstanding characteristic in comparison with other materials.
		Figure 1 shows that when the plastic deformation is due to slip, the atoms move a whole interatomic space (moving from one corner to another corner of the unit cell).
	info.lu.farmingdale.edu /depts/met/met205/plasticdeformation.html (475 words)

	plastic deformation and long-term support \| Kim Christensen
		The value of discussing the concept of plastic deformation is the carryover into other topics, such as sustained work postures and unrecognized (and unconnected) subluxations.
		Plasticity is the tendency of a material (or tissue) to permanently deform when the load goes beyond the elastic range.
		The relative proportion of elasticity and plastic deformation varies with the stretching conditions, especially the amount and duration of applied force.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/17/26/01.html (900 words)

	Deformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the figure it can be seen that the compressive loading (indicated by the arrow) has caused deformation in the cylinder so that the original shape (dashed lines) has changed (deformed) into one with bulging sides.
		Perhaps the material with the largest plastic deformation range is wet chewing gum, which can be stretched dozens of times its original length.
		In reality, many materials which undergo large elastic and plastic deformations, such as steel, are able to absorb stresses which would cause brittle materials, such as glass, with minimal elastic and plastic deformation ranges, to break.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deformation (694 words)

	Plasticity (physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics and materials science, plasticity is a property of a material to undergo a non-reversible change of shape in response to an applied force.
		Plastic deformation occurs under shear stress, as opposed to brittle fractures which occur under normal stress.
		One of the best-known examples of this is nitinol, which exhibits pseudoelasticity: deformations which are reversible in the context of mechanical design, but irreversible in terms of thermodynamics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plasticity_(physics) (348 words)

	Plastic Deformation
		This reduction in strain rate reflects work hardening similar to that observed in a single crystal of ice that is being deformed in a hard glide orientation (see Strain rate for glide on basal systems).
		If the stress is continued then, hard glide grains will eventually begin to fail by plastic deformation and contribute to the bulk deformation at which point secondary glide is achieved.
		It is that in this approximately steady-state situation plastic flow of the grains occurs at a rate that is in balance with the processes which relieve the internal stresses so produced.
	web.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au /wilson/ice1/plastic.html (1333 words)

	Plastic Deformation
		Deformation that remains after the load causing it is removed.
		It is the permanent part of the deformation beyond the elastic limit of a material.
		It also is called plastic Strain and plastic flow.
	www.instron.com /wa/resourcecenter/glossaryterm.aspx?ID=111 (46 words)

	Glossary of Plastics Materials & Processes
		Plastic deformation: The permanent deformation arising from the relative displacement of atoms or molecules.
		Plasticoviscosity: Material whose rate of plastic deformation when subjected to stresses exceeding the yield stress is a linear function of the applied stresses.
		Twinning deformation: A plastic deformation process in which atoms are displaced to form a mirror image of the underformed region.
	www.prccal.com /glossary.cfm (1024 words)

	Sea ice deformation features and processes
		Medium-scale deformations (10-20 km) are associated with the block structure of ice fields and determined by external as well as internal forces.
		Small-scale deformations (average diameter of single ice floe) are caused by interaction of individual ice floes (internal forces) and can be described in terms of a few basic deformation processes.
		Large scale deformation processes play the fundamental role in determining the distribution of ice thickness, which in itself controls heat and moisture fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere (Maykut, 1982).
	www.gi.alaska.edu /~eicken/he_teach/GEOS615icenom/deform/seaicedef.htm (1695 words)

	Fundamental microstructural issues associated with severe plastic deformation: Applications of transmission electron ...
		The study focuses mainly on the deformation behavior correlated from the microstructural response of nickel and 304 stainless steel, but the behavior of other metals and alloys such as aluminum, copper, brass, tungsten-tantalum and steel are also discussed.
		Microstructural issues were studied in an effort to understand the mechanisms of microstructural development and evolution in extreme plastic deformation, with special emphasis on understanding the solid state flow of material facilitated by grain boundary sliding and gliding.
		This dissertation also examined the plastic deformation extremes in the context of the framework of the conventional stress-strain diagrams as well as the severe plastic deformation regime far outside the stress-strain diagram.
	digitalcommons.utep.edu /dissertations/AAI3179341 (481 words)

	Plastic deformation of aluminum single crystals at elevated temperatures (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This report describes the results of a comprehensive study of plastic deformation of aluminum single crystals over a wide range of temperatures.
		Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of small amounts of prestraining, by two different methods, on the creep and tensile properties of these aluminum single crystals.
		From observations it has been concluded that plastic deformation takes place predominantly by slip which is accompanied by the mechanisms of kinking and polygonization.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1956/naca-report-1267 (171 words)

	Modeling Electrothermal Plastic Deformation
		To plastically deform the bimorph it is heated such that the gold yields under compressive stress from actuation.
		New simulation results and measurements of the electrothermal plastic deformation process are presented for a gold and polysilicon bimorph.
		Plastic deformation is measured and shows the time dependent behavior.
	www.nsti.org /Nanotech2003/showabstract.html?absno=627 (149 words)

	iDEA: Drexel E-Repository and Archive : Item 1860/114
		The sample was then deformed under (i) simple compression by 40% along the axis of the columnar grains and (ii) plane strain compression along the normal direction with the columnar grains along the transverse direction of the channel-die, in steps of 10% up to a total reduction of 40%.
		The lattice orientations after deformation were studied by OIM and it was found that most of the grains had significant in- grain misorientations in the form of deformation bands with two morphologies - either elongated on the grain scale or nearly equiaxed.
		The deformations were then simulated using (i) a classical Taylortype model, and (ii) a finite element model of the polycrystalline aggregate imposing equilibrium and compatibility between and within the constituent grains (in the weak numerical sense).
	dspace.library.drexel.edu /handle/1860/114 (409 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The plastic zone size can be estimated by two methods: the Irwin approach, where the elastic stress analysis is used to estimate the elastic-plastic boundary and the strip yield model, also known as the Dugdale model.
		The basic assumption that the plastic zone size is small in relationship to the crack size and the size of the cracked body usually remains valid.
		It is possible to estimate the extent of plasticity at all angles by applying an appropriate yield criterion to the singular stress field equations (see the Singular Stress and Displacement Field module).
	www.engineerstoolbox.com /doc/etb/mod/fm1/plasticzone/plasticzone_help.html (1844 words)

	Dynamic Flowform - Flowforming - Plastic Deformation
		plastic deformation: The permanent change in shape or size of a body without fracture, produced by a sustained stress beyond the elastic limit of the material.
		By a precalculated amount of wall reduction, in one or more passes, the material is compressed above its yield strength, plastically deformed and made to flow.
		The desired geometry of the workpiece is achieved when the outer diameter and the wall of the preform are decreased and the available material volume is forced to flow longitudinally over the mandrel.
	www.flowform.com /flowforming/metal_plastic_deformation.php (199 words)

	Elastic/Plastic Deformation
		In other words, elastic deformation is a change in shape of a material at low stress that is recoverable after the stress is removed.
		When the stress is sufficient to permanently deform the metal, it is called plastic deformation.
		As discussed in the section on crystal defects, plastic deformation involves the breaking of a limited number of atomic bonds by the movement of dislocations.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/deformation.htm (270 words)

	Deformation and Mountain Building
		Folds are produced by plastic and elastic deformation during compressive stress.
		The island arc is eventually sutured (welded) to the continent by the thrusting of back-arc basin volcanics and sediments.
		Sedimentary rocks of continental margin and trench are deformed, metamorphosed, and accreted to the continent.
	www.geo.ua.edu /intro03/deform.html (1635 words)

	Engineering Stress-strain Curve
		All further plastic deformation is concentrated in this region, and the specimen begins to neck or thin down locally.
		The stress at which plastic deformation or yielding is observed to begin depends on the sensitivity of the strain measurements.
		With most materials there is a gradual transition from elastic to plastic behavior, and the point at which plastic deformation begins is hard to define with precision.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art43.htm (1877 words)

	Deformation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In elastic deformation, the material is distorted temporarily, thus when the stress is removed the material returns to its original shape with no permanent rearrangement of atoms.
		Once the metal experiences plastic deformation its atomic structure and overall shape are permanently rearranged and changed.
		Once plastic deformation has ocurred, the material does not return to its original shape when the stress is removed.
	www.phy.davidson.edu /StuHome/BeKinneman/metal/deformation.htm (406 words)

	Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
		The research into the plastic properties of minerals and rocks had a major peak in late 1960s to early 1970s, largely stimulated by research in the laboratory of D. Griggs and his students and associates.
		Many of the foundations of plastic deformation of minerals and rocks were established during this period.
		This was largely the reason for a rebirth of the study of rock plasticity, leading to new approaches that include experiments at extreme conditions and modeling of deformation behavior based on physical principles.
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/RIM/Rim51.html (1117 words)

	Mechanics of Solids: Plastic Constitutive Laws
		Although plasticity theory was developed to predict the behavior of metals under loads exceeding the elastic limit, models rather similar to those developed for metal plasticity are also used to model irreversible damage in various other materials, including microcracking ceramics and concrete, deformation of clay, as well as some polymers.
		Before attempting to develop a full description that relates plastic strain to stress, it is sensible to establish criteria that will predict the onset of inelastic deformation.
		Experiments show that if you plastically deform a solid, then unload it, and then try to re-load it so as to induce further plastic flow, its resistance to plastic flow will have increased. This is known as strain hardening.
	www.engin.brown.edu /courses/En222/Notes/plasticity/plasticity.htm (2479 words)

	Creation Science Rebuttals, Creation Magazine, The Truth about Plastic Deformation (folded rock layers)
		In order to set the record straight, we need to examine the principles behind what is known as plastic deformation.
		With the burial of rock layers within the earth, the temperature is also higher, a result of the layer receiving heat from the earth, which insulates it, and heat built up due to the increased pressure.
		Given time, pressure, temperature, and solution, laboratory results have demonstrated the plastic deformation capabilities of rocks, confirming the theories of rock folding which we see exhibited in the rock record.
	www.answersincreation.org /plasticdeformation.htm (1318 words)

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