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Topic: Plastid

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	Plastid
		Plastids are the organelles in plants and algae in which photosynthesis occurs.
		Plastids are divided into several types depending on morphology and function: chloroplasts, leucoplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts.
		Plastids are divided into three evolutionary lineages: green plastids are chloroplasts, red plastids are rhodoplasts, and blue-green plastids are the cyanelles.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Plastid (227 words)

	Plastid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plastids are major organelles found in plants and algae.
		In algae, the term leucoplast (leukoplast) is used for all unpigmented plastids.
		Plastids are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plastid (987 words)

	RNA Polymerase Subunits Encoded by the Plastid rpo Genes Are Not Shared with the Nucleus-Encoded Plastid Enzyme -- ...
		and rpoC2 genes encode subunits of the plastid-encoded plastid
		of the plastid rpoB1, rpoB2, or rpoC2a genes in the unicellular
		Hu J, Troxler RF, Bogorad L (1991) Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: the 78-kilodalton polypeptide is encoded by the plastid rpoC1 gene.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/117/4/1165 (3385 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The complete plastid genome sequence of the parasitic green alga Helicosporidiumsp. is ...
		Plastids originated in the endosymbiotic uptake of a cyanobacterium, which was subsequently transformed from a complex free-living bacterium to the highly specialized organelle now integrated with its host.
		plastid genome was determined to be a circle 37,454 bp in length with a gene map as shown in Figure 1.
		Plastids of red algae and their derivatives tend to have more genes than those of green plastid lineages [1,2], so it is interesting that the smallest and most compact genomes are found among the red plastids of apicomplexa.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/4/12 (5398 words)

	Cultivar: number 2 (3) - Novelty: PLASTID MUTATIONS
		It is established that plastids are reproduced by cut-cross division and go to the daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis.
		Plastids in epidermis and subepidermis are subject to mutagen action of ultra-violet rays.
		Plastids are not exception as cellular and plastids shells are a weak obstacle for ultra-violet rays.
	www.lapshin.org /cultivar/N2-3/plast-e.htm (4074 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Plastid envelope proteins from the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome were predicted using computational methods.
		Selection criteria were: first, to find proteins with NH2-terminal plastid targeting peptides from all annotated open reading frames from Arabidopsis thaliana, second, to search for proteins with membrane spanning domains among the predicted plastidial targeted proteins, and third, to subtract known thylakoid membrane proteins.
		Plastids draw the attention of plant biologists in large part because of their defining roles in establishing the character of the plant cell.
	www.plantbiology.msu.edu /PlastidEnvelope (606 words)

	Multiple Metabolic Roles for the Nonphotosynthetic Plastid of the Green Alga Prototheca wickerhamii -- Borza et al. 4 ...
		of a plastid with starch granules (30, 35, 36).
		in the plastid inner membrane of algae and land plants (3, 34).
		The genes encoding subunits of ATP synthase are conserved in the reduced plastid genome of the heterotrophic alga Prototheca wickerhamii.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/4/2/253 (4600 words)

	Dinoflagellate Plastid Genes
		While there are several types of plastids (chloroplasts) found in dinoflagellates, the majority of photosynthetic dinoflagellates rely on plastids that include the pigment peridinin and are bound by three membranes (peridinin-type plastids).
		The evolutionary history of the peridinin-type dinoflagellate plastid is poorly understood; it is thought to be a secondary plastid acquired when a dinoflagellate ingested a second eukaryote already equipped with plastids, but relatively little is known about dinoflagellate genetics, and molecular data from the peridinin-type plastid have only recently begun to be available.
		The primary goals of the project are to identify a dinoflagellate suitable as a model for molecular genetic studies, explore the fundamental properties of the nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes in candidate dinflagellates, and determine the feasibility of genomic studies in these organisms.
	www.life.umd.edu /labs/delwiche/Res/Dino-cDNA.html (803 words)

	Plastid segregation and cell division in the apicomplexan parasite Sarcocystis neurona -- Vaishnava et al. 118 (15): ...
		Plastid segregation and cell division in the apicomplexan parasite Sarcocystis neurona -- Vaishnava et al.
		Plastids were exposed to a series of short laser pulses at the position indicated by the laser symbol (see Materials and Methods for detail).
		Wrapped around the upper right corner of the nucleus is the plastid (P) as a continuous tubular organelle, which is surrounded by four membranes and closely apposed to the centrioles of the centrosome (D, white arrowheads indicate the four plastid membranes; fl arrowheads, the two membranes of the nuclear envelope).
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/118/15/3397 (5926 words)

	Audrey P. de Koning
		Highly modified plastids with reduced genomes are commonly found in parasites derived from photosynthetic ancestors.
		Based on what is observed in other organisms with cryptic plastids, we predict that plastid genome reduction represents both outright gene loss and relocation of organellar genes to the nuclear genome with concomitant targeting of those genes' products back to the plastid.
		A cryptic plastid in Helicosporidium, a parasitic alga.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /~dekoning (704 words)

	Synthesis and degradation of dinoflagellate plastid-encoded psbA proteins are light-regulated, not circadian-regulated ...
		to characterizing the dinoflagellate plastid genome is feasible.
		that mRNA synthesized in the cytoplasm is relocated to the plastid,
		indicate that psbA is indeed synthesized in the plastid.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/8/2844 (3878 words)

	Plastid transformation of solanaceous plants (US6541682)
		Svab, et al., "High-frequency plastid transformation in tobacco by selection for a chimeric aadA gene" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 90, 913-917 (1993).
		Svab, et al., "Stable transformation of plastids in higher plants" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 87, 8526-8530 (1990).
		Staub, et al., "Accumulation of D1 polypeptide in tobacco plastids is regulated via the untranslated region of the psbA mRNA" The EMBO Journal 12(2), 601-606 (1993).
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US06541682 (1117 words)

	Chlorophyll c-Containing Plastid Relationships Based on Analyses of a Multigene Data Set with All Four Chromalveolate ...
		plastid monophyly as the amount of data is reduced (table 3).
		plastid genomes of the heterokont Odontella and the cryptophyte
		Migration of the plastid genome to the nucleus in a peridinin dinoflagellate.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/9/1772 (4557 words)

	Plastid ultrastructure defines the protein import pathway in dinoflagellates -- Nassoury et al. 116 (14): 2867 -- ...
		in the plastid bind to a receptor for the transit peptide.
		Dinoflagellates and apicomplexans share a common ancestor both for the host cell and the plastid, and are unrelated to either Euglenoids or their plastids.
		The thylakoid membranes appear white, as osmium tetroxide was not used during fixation to preserve the antigenicity of the proteins.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/14/2867 (5161 words)

	Lateral gene transfer and the evolution of plastid-targeted proteins in the secondary plastid-containing alga ...
		plastid proteome may therefore be regarded as a mosaic derived
		peptide, and then to the plastid with a transit peptide (18–20).
		plastids as a sister group to cyanobacteria as a whole.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/13/7678 (3286 words)

	Plastid RNA polymerases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Plastid genes can be classified into three types: parts of the transcription--translation apparatus, polypeptides of the photosynthetic complex, and polypeptides of the NADH dehydrogenase complex.
		In general, the expression of most plastid genes appears to be regulated by the strength of their promoters and the level of the plastid RNA polymerase.
		In the parasitic plant Epifagus, whose plastid genome lacks the rpo operon, plastid rRNA accumulates (ref).
	opbs.okstate.edu /~melcher/mg/MGW2/MG2211.html (235 words)

	Klaas Jan van Wijk Plastid Biology and Proteomics Lab, Cornell University
		Plastids are essential organelles of prokaryotic origin present in nearly every plant cell.
		Plastid size, shape, and function depend on the cell type.
		Chloroplasts are the best known green plastids and carry out photosynthesis and also synthesize hormones, fatty acids and lipids, amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, secondary metabolites such as isoprenoids, and are required for nitrogen and sulfur assimilation.
	cbsu.tc.cornell.edu /vanwijk (246 words)

	Comparison of plastid 16S rRNA (rrn16) genes from Helicosporidium spp.: evidence supporting the reclassification of ...
		Phylogenetic affinities, and the presence of a plastid gene,
		of most of the plastid genes that were involved in photosynthesis.
		Hachtel, W. DNA and gene expression in nonphotosynthetic plastids.
	ijs.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/53/6/1719 (2347 words)

	Phylogenetic Diversity of Ultraplankton Plastid Small-Subunit rRNA Genes Recovered in Environmental Nucleic Acid ...
		An overview of the phylogenetic diversity among plastid SSU rRNA genes recovered in the OCS clone library is shown in Fig.
		plastids and plastids derived from secondary symbioses (Fig.
		plastids and plastids derived from secondary symbioses in the
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/294 (5741 words)

	The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plastid Chromosome: Islands of Genes in a Sea of Repeats -- Maul et al. 14 (11): 2659 -- ...
		The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Plastid Chromosome: Islands of Genes in a Sea of Repeats -- Maul et al.
		Plastids are a family of specialized organelles derived from
		The green signal represents the entire plastid genome, and the three red signals result from the hybridization of clones P-14 and P-16, which span a 10-kb portion of the inverted repeat.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/11/2659 (8387 words)

	Plastid in human parasites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		, so the parasite plastid could be a non-photosynthetic derivative of the dinoflagellate plastid (but see ref 5).
		The plastid is thus a welcome new, parasite-specific target for therapeutic agents.
		The role of the plastid in obligate intracellular parasites is completely unknown, but our identification of the organelle is a first step towards isolation for biochemical analysis to complement molecular genetic approaches already underway
	homepage.mac.com /fad1/paper.html (746 words)

	Nucleus-Encoded, Plastid-Targeted Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Indicates a Single Origin for ...
		Plastids (the photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae)
		The non-photosynthetic plastid in malarial parasites and other apicomplexans is derived from outside the green plastid lineage.
		Phylogeny of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) and the secondary endosymbiotic origin of algal plastids.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/10/1730 (3612 words)

	The suffulta mutation in tomato reveals a novel method of plastid replication during fruit ripening -- Forth and Pyke ...
		plastids are enlarged, particularly in su-1 and su-3 fruit (Fig.
		plastid structure and thylakoid membrane appears to be lost.
		(2003) ARC6 is a J domain plastid division protein and an evolutionary descendant of the cyanobacterial cell divisoin protein Ftn2.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/57/9/1971 (4254 words)

	PPDB
		It is a joint project between Klaas J. van Wijk Lab of Cornell University and the Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell Theory Center.
		The main objective is to provide a centralized, curated, data deposit for predicted and experimentally determined plastid proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize (Zea mays), their annotated functions, as well as their experimental and predicted molecular and biophysical properties.
		All gene models in the Arabidopsis nuclear and organellar genomes as annotated by TAIR, as well as all maize EST assemblies (ZmGI) and maize genome sequence assemblies (AZM) as annotated by TIGR, are uploaded in PPDB and are linked to each other via a Blast alignment (best viewed using Internet Explorer).
	ppdb.tc.cornell.edu (383 words)

	The genetic control of plastid division in higher plants -- Pyke 84 (8): 1017 -- American Journal of Botany
		The genetic control of plastid division in higher plants
		The division of plastids is an important part of plastid differentiation
		ARC6 Is a J-Domain Plastid Division Protein and an Evolutionary Descendant of the Cyanobacterial Cell Division Protein Ftn2
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/84/8/1017 (562 words)

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