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Topic: Plastination

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Gunther von Hagens

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	index.html
		Plastinated specimens may be pinned and/or photographed and labeled to highlight salient landmarks and a key prepared for the pinned or marked structures as well as suggested items that the student should be able to identify.
		Shrinkage of tissue is one of the disadvantages to plastination.
		One major application of sheet plastination is the study of tissue patterning because the delicate structures particularly of connective and muscular tissue are easily damaged or altered during dissection and histological examination is limited by the sample size.
	www.uqtr.uquebec.ca /plastination/Abstracts-2005.html (6386 words)

	Plastination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plastination is a technique used in anatomy to conserve bodies or body parts.
		The process of plastination proceeds as follows: the sample is soaked in a solvent such as acetone and the sample's water (under freezing conditions) and fat are slowly replaced by the solvent.
		Plastinated Human or animal body or organs are known as Plastin(s) or Plastinate(s).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plastination (347 words)

	Department of Human Biology Plastination
		Plastinated specimens have none of the usual hazards and restrictions associated with the study of anatomical specimens eg.
		Plastination is a method used for the preservation of perishable biological specimens, especially for soft, putrifiable organs with a high water content eg.
		Plastinated specimens are a relatively new and unique teaching aid that have the durability of anatomical models and exhibit accurate anatomical structures whilst also showing the individuality and variation found in all biological specimens.
	humanbiology.curtin.edu.au /plastination.html (2028 words)

	BodyWorlds Plastination
		Plastination is a process at the interface of the medical discipline of anatomy and modern polymer chemistry.
		Plastination makes it possible to preserve individual tissues and organs that have been removed from the body of the deceased as well as the entire body itself.
		What makes plastination complicated is the large number of variations that have become possible since the invention of this process and that are essential for obtaining the best results.
	www.hmns.org /exhibits/special_exhibits/bodyworlds/bodyworlds_plastination.asp (732 words)

	Welcome!
		Plastination is a method unique in the preservation of durable anatomical or perishable biological specimens, especially organs with a high water contents (brain, heart, liver, muscle, joint specimens and body slices), while retaining a lifelike condition, plastination involves the replacement of the tissue water and lipid with a curable plastic polymer.
		Plastination is carried out in many institutions worldwide and has obtained great acceptance particularly because of the durability, and the high teaching value plastinated specimens have.
		Plastination is a relatively safe, cheap and easy for storage and transportation purposes as compared to liquid nitrogen storage, which would cost more and requires a certain level of expertise due to its potentially dangerous (freezer burn) nature where there might be presence of asphyxiation.
	mummies.thepolar.net /plas.shtml (1194 words)

	Plastination
		After plastination, the resulting tissue is safe to handle (i.e., toxic fixatives are eliminated), the tissue has no odor and it is extremely durable.
		The goal of the plastination facility is to enhance the teaching resources of the Office of Medical Education and to provide plastination services to other departments and institutions.
		Bruce Carlson spearheaded this effort to get plastinated frogs in the schools as a replacement for either live or formaldehyde preserved frogs because of his strong desire to save the wild frog population which is in serious decline due to harvesting for biology classes.
	www.med.umich.edu /anatomy/plastinate (633 words)

	Plastination - Making Whole Bodies Firm And Sliceable In The Lab
		Plastination is the process of taking organic tissue -- a rosebud, say, or a human head -- and replacing the water in it with a liquid silicone polymer.
		Until now, plastination has been carried out on a small scale on cadaver parts and organs, which are then sold to universities and medical schools for use in anatomy classes.
		"Plastinated parts are useful in anatomy for demonstrating specifics," said Arlen Severson, head of the department of anatomy and cell biology at the University of Minnesota Duluth School of Medicine.
	www.rense.com /politics6/plast.htm (643 words)

	MSI Chicago \| BODY WORLDS 2 \| Plastination \| The Process of Plastination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gunther von Hagens in 1977, is a vacuum process whereby the body’s water and fat are replaced with reactive plastics that are initially pliable and then harden when cured with light, heat or gas.
		• Plastinated specimens are dry and odorless and retain their natural structure – in fact, they are identical to their pre-preservation state down to the microscopic level.
		Plastinated organs and body slices are a useful teaching aid for cross-sectional anatomy which is gaining importance in medical communities.
	www.msichicago.org /temp_exhibit/bodyworlds2/plastination.html (204 words)

	Gunther von Hagens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Critics contend that the exhibition is sensationalist and that the artistic, lifelike poses into which the plastinated cadavers have been fixed is degrading and disrespectful.
		On April 25, 2005, a Heidelberg court sentenced him to a fine of 108,000 euros (equivalent to a prison term of 90 days at the daily income assessed by the court) for one count of using an academic title that he was not entitled to, but acquitted him on four other counts.
		In October 2003, a parliamentary committee in Kyrgyzstan investigated accusations that von Hagens had illegally received and plastinated several hundred corpses from prisons, psychiatric institutions and hospitals in Kyrgyzstan, some without prior notification of the families.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gunther_von_Hagen (1311 words)

	Guenther Von Hagens is a very interesting sort of man
		Plastination is an incredible process but before discussing the process it is important to note that “plastination” is an incredible word.
		Plastination may even end up appealing to those who have taken offense to the waste of life realized in high school biology labs where hundreds of frogs, cats, mice, snakes, worms, and starfish are sliced and diced every year.
		Plastination has a definite educational value in that few things prompt people to take care of their health more than seeing, from the inside, just exactly what activities like smoking are doing to their bodies.
	marian.creighton.edu /~netpaper/indepth/feb/plast.html (1006 words)

	L o s t A t S e a . o n l i n e
		Plastination is a unique method of preserving tissue in a lifelike state.
		Plastination is carried out in many institutions worldwide and has obtained great acceptance particularly because of the durability, and the high teaching value plastinated specimens have.
		He started working on developing the plastination process in 1977, founded in 1980 a company called BIODUR for the development and shipping of the machinery and auxiliaries for the plastination, and in 1993 he founded the Institute for Plastination.
	ursis.com /las/archives/features/media/plastination (1131 words)

	NYU Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		His approach to teaching dental anatomy combines layered dissection with slices from the head and neck, so students using these pre-dissected, plastinated specimens could avoid the time-consuming process of peeling back tissue layer by layer and dissecting it into sections to learn where all the important structures are.
		That discovery led to the realization that plastination could not only make anatomy education more efficient and effective for physicians and dentists, but, as von Hagen puts it, it could also “democratize” human anatomy by making it accessible to the general public, rather than only to physicians and dentists.
		Plastination allows viewers to study the entirety of the body and to understand themselves as a wonderful part of nature.
	www.nyu.edu /nyutoday/archives/18/12/Stories/vonhagens.html (926 words)

	LiveScience.com - Posthumous Poses: Corpses Donated for Art and Science
		Plastination is viewed as a novel and useful alternative to the traditional post-death options like burial and cremation.
		While the concept of body donation is not new, supporters of plastination are now calling for the technology to be used right alongside the traditional methods of dissection taught in medical classrooms.
		A male and female plastinate are posed as figure skaters to showcase musculature.
	www.livescience.com /humanbiology/060224_body_world.html (1061 words)

	Plastination: A tool for teaching and research
		Silicone rubber is used for plastination of whole specimens and thick body and organ slices; epoxy resins are used for hard, thin, transparent body and organ slices; and polyester-copolymer is exclusively used for hard brain slices to gain an excellent distinction of gray and white matter.
		Plastinated material is frequently used in correlation with MRI and CT scans, in teaching neuroanatomy and in plastination histology.
		Plastination also allows the freezing of movable and flexible tissues in a particular stage, e.g.
	www.mummytombs.com /market/books/world/plastination.htm (333 words)

	about
		Plastination is a technique to preserve such specimen without any preserving fluids.
		Plastinated specimen are odorless, not toxic and mechanically resistant to a high degree.
		Plastination is a procedure, during which water and fat of gross specimen are replaced by a polymerisable resin.
	www.univie.ac.at /anatomie2/about.html (1287 words)

	Klinische Sportmedizin-Deutschland(Ausgabe September 2002)
		The aim of the study was the detailed description of the topographic anatomy of the shoulder in the Apprehension position using by the thin layer plastination.
		Results: The plastinated slices with a thickness of 800 µm and a resolution of 1200 dpi demonstrated the topographical anatomical relation of all structures in the coronal and axial planes.
		Conclusion: The thin layer plastination as a new anatomical cutting procedure allows a detailed description of the topographic anatomy of the shoulder especially in new positions of examination such as the Apprehension position.
	www.klinische-sportmedizin.de /Auflage_2002_9/schulterplastination.htm (506 words)

	IBMS - The Institute of Biomedical Science
		And for many there is a real attraction to being preserved as a plastinate: Von Hagens has now over 4500 volunteers in line to become displays of the future after their death.
		Plastination involves replacing the water and fat in tissues with a reaction plastic such as silicon rubber, epoxy resin or polyester.
		Plastination is protected by patents but its use for non-commercial purposes such as medical instruction or museum exhibits is not subject to such limitations.
	www.ibms.org /index.cfm?method=science.general_science&subpage=general_plastination_bodyworlds (1313 words)

	Transtopia -- Plastination, Freeze Drying and Pet Preservation
		Plastination is a unique method of preserving tissue in a lifelike state.
		Plastinated brains could always be transferred to cryogenic storage (electrical or LN2) at some later date, when the financial situation and/or local infrastructure allows.
		Assuming that plastination alone already significantly slows down decomposition, a power failure/technical malfunction would be no big deal, and in any case there could be no Chatsworth disasters.
	www.transtopia.org /plastination.html#pets (10588 words)

	The Graphic - Take a look at what's inside
		Bodies that undergo plastination are completely dry and, according to the site, they “retain their natural surface relief and are identical with their state prior to preservation down to the microscopic level.”
		Because decay has been prevented by plastination, patrons walking through the Science Center exhibit don’t have to contend with the overwhelming scent of formaldehyde, the chemical traditionally used in scientific preservation, or the putrefying smell of decomposition.
		Plastinated cadavers retain a life-like shape and color, allowing them to show all the intricate functions and structures of the human body.
	graphic.pepperdine.edu /ane/2004/2004-09-30-body.htm (2154 words)

	News 14 Carolina \| 24 Hour Local News \| TOP STORIES
		Plastination was invented by Dr. Gunther von Hagens in 1977.
		Plastinated specimens are dry and odorless and retain their natural structure.
		Gunther von Hagens founded the Heidelberg-based Institute for Plastination in 1993, with the aim of developing plastinated specimens for educational use and for the BODY WORLDS exhibition, which premiered in Japan in 1995.
	www.news14charlotte.com /content/top_stories?ArID=93556 (767 words)

	KSUCVM - Anatomy & Physiology - Research
		Plastinated specimens provide an ideal complement to dissection specimens, in that dissections that are difficult or time-consuming for students to accomplish can be produced once, and preserved through plastination as demonstration specimens.
		Plastination is a patented process wherein formalin-fixed or fresh tissues are impregnated with liquid polymer (silicone, epoxy or polyester) and are then cured to achieve a hardened specimen.
		Specimens produced by plastination can be stored at room temperature in a dry, odorless state for an indefinite period of time.
	www.vet.ksu.edu /DEPTS/ap/tour/labs/plastination.htm (176 words)

	Plastinated organs enhance human anatomy teaching (11-19-92) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Plastination is a process by which biological tissues are preserved in a life-like state by impregnating them with silicone.
		Plastinated organs, on the other hand, are life-like, odorless, dry, lightweight, can be easily handled, do not disintegrate and require no special storage facilities.
		His plastinated heart specimens include an enlarged heart, one showing a scarred area where an infarction has occurred, one with coronary artery bypass grafts, a heart with a pacemaker, and others with synthetic valves and color-injected arteries and veins.
	www.udel.edu /PR/UpDate/93/12/23.html (624 words)

	Culture Vulture: Plastination - Roanoke.com
		Plastination is a method of preserving tissue that is very different in both method and result from traditional embalming.
		Currently, there are no fewer than five exhibits of plastinated humans on tour, each from different companies using the same process, but with different sources of, ahem, material.
		A different plastination show's exhibit actually shows a man holding a clothes hanger on which his complete epidermis is neatly folded.
	www.roanoke.com /entertainment/insideout/stories/wb/99534 (515 words)

	Penis Plastination - An Afterlife For Your Appendage
		Invented a couple of decades ago by a German scientist named Gunther von Hagens, plastination is the process by which all bodily fluids are drawn out and replaced by plastic.
		Plastination is also the technique employed by the aforementioned Intimate Mementos.
		Still, for those who can’t bear the thought of their wonderful dick rotting in the ground, plastination remains by far the best means of preservation.
	www.altpenis.com /penis_news/penis_plastination.shtml (1575 words)

	Plastination
		Even though a major German encyclopedia (the 19th edition of the Brockhaus Encyclopedia, 1992) indicates that the word "Plastination" is derived from the Greek (from plassein = to shape, to form), the term is, in fact, a creation of Gunther von Hagens.
		A process at the interface of the medical discipline of anatomy and modern polymer chemistry, Plastination makes it possible to preserve individual tissues and organs that have been removed from the body of the deceased as well as the entire body itself.
		Like most inventions, Plastination is simple in theory: in order to make a specimen permanent, decomposition must be halted.
	www.bodyworlds.com /en/plastination.html (427 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| The plastination professor
		The process involves replacing the natural body fluids with a solid plastic which both preserves the tissues and gives rigidity, enabling the corpse and organs to be displayed in any conceivable position.
		Since 1996, he has established plastination centres within universities at Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan, and in the Chinese coastal city of Dalian, where he is currently based.
		He plans to be plastinated himself when he dies, along with any member of his family who wants to.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/2494643.stm (621 words)

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