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	Writings and Career of Plautus
		The popularity of Plautus was greatest in his own time and in the generation that followed him; but his plays continued to be acted until the age of Cicero, by whom, as also by Varro, he was greatly admired.
		Plautus was a native of Sarsina, in Umbria, born in the earlier half of the third century B.C., and died at a very advanced age in 184.
		Plautus was a man of strong animal spirits and of large intercourse with the world, especially the trading and middle classes, for we find no traces of familiarity with the manners, tastes or ideas of the aristocracy.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/plautus001.html (1499 words)

	The Millennium Library: Who's Who - Plautus
		Plautus particularly admired Menander, and many of his plays were adaptations of Menander's Greek New Comedies, plays less topical than the Old Comedy, and concerned instead with human weaknesses common to everyone.
		Plautus, however, created his plays in his own unique style to suit the tastes of his Roman audiences, designing them with ingenious trickery and bawdy repartee.
		Plautus is undeniably one of the major influences on modern comic drama, from the domestic farce to the comedy of manners.
	www.millenniumlibrary.co.uk /millib/reference/notes.php?entry=Plautus&fromdb=2 (328 words)

	Starks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plautus means to entertain audience members with a traditional blend of New Comedy intrigue and confusion (23-45).
		Plautus' lowbrow ethnic jokes are expected after the Second Punic War, but his selective use of these reveals talent for increasing comedy by surprising audience expectations.
		Plautus shows he is playing here by ending with a comparison of Hanno's garlic-eating to "Roman rowers," a rare comic ethnic barb at Romans.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/99mtg/abstracts/Starks.html (748 words)

	[WikiEN-l] All sensible people v. Plautus satire exhibit 2
		Plautus satire: exhibit 3 (If you are perfect, please identify yourself.)
		Plautus hasnt touched it in a while, and another user has completely moved things around, almost even more incoherent.
		I dont know what Plautus has been up to, but its obvious he is not the only one who edits talk pages.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikien-l/2004-February/011133.html (374 words)

	Plautus - Dark Humor and Dramatic Irony
		At the same time, the effect of Plautus' dramatic irony works directly on the tone of the plays: while Aristophanic characters are relatively open with their aside remarks, Plautine figures speak with psychological overtones, enriching the deeper, darker comedy of these works.
		Indeed, the disguises and the metadramatic elements in Plautus are for the most part the funniest elements of the story, while in Aristophanic comedies they are merely a sidelight to the true humor of the commentary.
		As noted, the dramatic irony of Plautus in the aside remarks also differs from the Aristophanic version in that the remarks are usually addressed, not to the audience, but to the other characters within the drama, or, quite frequently, to no-one in particular at all.
	www.nthuleen.com /papers/C14paper2.html (1912 words)

	RomanComedy
		Plautus' vocabulary is huge, he uses strange and rare expressions, when pressed invents his own punning coinages, and shows an interesting side of the Roman character which disappears in the more self-conscious Augustan Age.
		His six plays are less earthy than those of Plautus, he has a winning and refined way of expressing himself in a polished verse-form, but lacks Plautus' comic spirit and his sense of pun and farce.
		Plautus and Petronius are still our best glimpse of the little people of the Roman world, how they thought and some of the things that they were liable to say.
	community.middlebury.edu /~harris/LatinAuthors/RomanComedy.html (1128 words)

	Plautus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plautus, who wrote in the last part of the third century and the first part of the second century B.C., was the most popular of all Roman comic writers.
		According to the Roman critic Cicero, Plautus was "choice, urbane, talented, and witty." His plays were written to entertain, and they delighted Romans for a long time.
		Plautus did not create original plots; but though his plays are adapted from Greek comedies, he made them thoroughly Roman by using colloquial language, local allusions, vulgarity, alliteration, comic word play, and parody, especially parody of the Roman legal and military system.
	www.ripon.edu /Faculty/Amsdenr/THE231/RomanTheatreFolder/Plautus.html (595 words)

	Plautus, Terence, and Cicero by Sanderson Beck
		The Menaechmi by Plautus is a comedy of errors, as Shakespeare called his adaptation, and as it refers to Hiero ruling in Syracuse, it may have been produced before his death in 215 BC.
		Plautus said this was his favorite play; he changed the Greek plot to prevent a brother from marrying his half-sister, since the Romans considered this incest, though it did not bother the Greeks.
		The Plautus farce ends with this absurd situation, though the epilog indicates that Casina will be revealed to be a free citizen and will marry the son of Lysidamus, neither of whom appear on stage at all.
	www.san.beck.org /EC26-Cicero.html (19493 words)

	Plautus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Titus Maccius Plautus, comic playwright of the Roman Republic; the years of his life are uncertain, but his plays were first produced between about 205 and 184 B.C.E. Twenty-one plays survive.
		Plautus's comedies, which are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature, are all adaptations of Greek models for a Roman audience.
		Plautus' work gave ideas to many playwrights afterwards, such as William Shakespeare, Molière, Lessing and others.
	www.theezine.net /p/plautus.html (137 words)

	Zagagi 1980 Tradition and Originality in Plautus
		Plautus is original in his extensive use in the forms of the hyperbolic comparisons.
		Her main conclusion is the originality of Plautus in the monologue came from Greek Erotic traditions by the influence of New Comedy and Hellenistic poetry.
		Plautus splits from his Attic models and ideal of gift-giving in his comic aggrandizement of amatory payments and their necessity of the lover to pay.
	home.att.net /~c.c.major/pla/zagagi1980.html (1532 words)

	Plautus (c. 254-184 B.C.)
		For this reason the plays of Plautus are much more valuable than those of Terence as pictures of Roman life.
		Plautus, like Terence, draws only on recognised types of the later Athenian comedy--the stern or indulgent father, the spendthrift son, the clever and faithful slave, and the shameless parasite--who were all classified and fitted with a characteristic mask.
		Considering these limits, the genius of Plautus for developing amusing situations and lively dialogue is very great and has been appreciated--in adaptations and imitations--by Shakespeare, Molière, Fielding, and many other dramatists.
	www.usefultrivia.com /biographies/plautus_001.html (309 words)

	Plautus, Titus Maccius (c. 254-184 B.C.)
		If we find the comedies of Plautus unspeakably vulgar in conception and expression we must remember that he had to appeal to an uneducated crowd whose chief interests were in bear baiting and gladiatorial combats.
		If Plautus was to eat, his humor had to be broad or his plays would have been shouted off the stage.
		The works of Plautus do not show the insight nor delicacy of Terence, but they posses undoubted life and vigor.
	www.theatredatabase.com /ancient/plautus_001.html (485 words)

	414 Roman Comedy I (Plautus), Classical Drama and Theatre
		Plautus' names themselves are odd—there is, for instance, no known Maccius clan of the Plautus family—instead, all three appear to be jokes mocking this complex, aristocratic nomenclature.
		Plautus' comedies revolve mostly around daily life and average people, superficially the stuff of Greek New Comedy as opposed to the politically oriented Old Comedy of the Classical Age or the spoofs of tragedy popular in post-classical Middle Comedy.
		Plautus' drama shows that he understood this enigma quite well, and his finest talent is, no doubt, his ability to walk the fine line between fine art and a fine time.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/141plautus.htm (3599 words)

	The Dramatic Values in Plautus - by Wilton Wallace Blancké
		How Weise and his confrères argue Plautus such a super-poet, in view of the life and education of the public to whom he catered, let alone the evidence of the plays themselves, and their author's status as mere translator and adapter, must remain an insoluble mystery.
		From this heterogeneous mass of diversified criticism we glean the prevailing idea that Plautus is lauded or condemned according to his conformity or non-conformity to some preconceived standard of comedy situate in the critic's mind, without a consideration of the poet's original purpose.
		It seems eminently fair to deduce that the far ruder and less cultivated audiences of Plautus' day were even more violent in their manifestations of pleasure and displeasure, but that their criterion of taste was solely the amount of amusement derived from the performance and that they bothered themselves little about niceties of rhythm.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext06/8plut10h.htm (17504 words)

	Titus Maccius Plautus (c. 254 - c. 184 B.C.)
		Born "Plautus" or "splay-foot", he apparently managed to escape his backwoods village at a young age--perhaps by joining one of the itinerant theatrical troupes which commonly traveled from village to village performing short boisterous farces.
		We know, however, that at some point the young Plautus gave up his acting career to become a Roman soldier, and this is probably when he was exposed to the delights of the Greek stage, specifically Greek New Comedy and the plays of Menander.
		Soon, however, his comedies began to suit the public taste and Plautus was able to retire his hand-mill and devote himself to writing full-time.
	www.imagi-nation.com /moonstruck/clsc21.html (606 words)

	Plautus's Life: A Short History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some of his chores would have consisted of helping to erect the large temporary stage and assisting in securing the curtain which was unfurled at the beginning of a performance and drawn up at the end.
		After his career in acting, Plautus went on to become a merchant, which in ancient times referred to an owner or a charterer of a ship.
		As Plautus was too old to fall back into his role of actor, he decided to try his hand at writing.
	vassun.vassar.edu /~jolott/old_courses/republic1998/plautus/plautuslife.html (403 words)

	On Campus 07/20/99--Theater of Plautus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plautus allowed his actors to acknowledge freely the illusion in which they were taking part, to elicit laughter through humorous asides and monologues, and simulataneously to flatter and tease the spectators.
		These metatheatrical techniques are the focus of Timothy J. Moore's innovative study of the comedies of Plautus.
		Moore shows that Plautus employed these dramatic devices not only to entertain his audience, but also to satirize aspects of Roman society such as shady business practices and extravagant spending on prostitutes.
	www.utexas.edu /opa/pubs/oncampus/99oc_issues/oc990720/oc_plautus.html (164 words)

	Plautus -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plautus' play, based on one or more Greek plays of unknown authorship, is a complicated farce in which a vain, lustful, and stupid soldier, Pyrgopolynices, is duped by his clever slave and a courtesan.
		Plautus, like them, took the bulk of his plots, if not all of them, from plays written by Greek authors of the late...
		Plautus' works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the Latin language.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-5776?tocId=5776 (753 words)

	Titus Maccius Plautus
		Plautus means 'flatfoot' in Umbria, but in one of his pieces there is a reference to the meaning 'longhaired dog': "Plautus with the barking name" ('Casina').
		Maccus is the name for the buffoon in ancient Italian comedies ('Fabulae Atellanae'); maybe Plautus started his career as an actor in these comedies, where he played this buffoon (Maccius has to be derived from Maccus, even more, he calls himself Maccus in 'Asinaria' and not Maccius).
		Of course we know nothing about how Plautus looked like, but some believe that he has given us a self-portrait in his description of the slave Pseudolus: "red hair, big-bellied, strong calves, brown skin, with a big head and fierce eyes", a description that suits perfectly his 'strong' and 'fierce' language.
	home.tiscali.be /mauk.haemers/collegium_artium/plautus.htm (1206 words)

	Plautus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Titus Maccius Plautus was a comic playwright of the Roman Republic.
		The years of his life are uncertain, but his plays were first produced between about 205 and 184 BCE.
		Plautus' comedies, which are the earliest surviving intact works in Latin literature, are all adaptations of Greek models for a Roman audience.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/pl/Plautus.htm (164 words)

	Plautus - Penguin Group (USA) Authors - Penguin Group (USA)
		Titus Maccius Plautus was born in Sarsina, Umbria, in about 254 BC, and was originally named, after his father, Titus.
		His potential as an actor was discovered and he acquired two other names: Maccius, derived perhaps from the name of a clown in popular farce, and Plautus, a cognomen meaning ‘flat-footed’.
		Somehow Plautus saved enough capital to go into business as a merchant shipper, but this venture collapsed, and he worked (says the tradition) as a miller’s laborer, and in his spare time studied Greek drama.
	www.penguinputnam.com /nf/Author/AuthorPage/0,,0_1000025245,00.html?sym=BIO (180 words)

	Reputation of Plautus
		By the Romans themselves various judgements have been passed on Plautus.
		Cicero, for this reason, who was no bad judge of what the ancients called urbanity, proposes him as a model for raillery.
		The faults of Plautus, therefore, do not mar his excellence as a poet; they are very happily atoned for by many fine qualities, inasmuch that, in the judgment of some critics, he disputes the prize even with Terence himself.
	www.theatrehistory.com /ancient/plautus002.html (175 words)

	Harvard University Press/Plautus, Amphitryon. The Comedy of Asses. The Pot of Gold. The Two Bacchises. The Captives
		Plautus (Titus Maccius), born about 254 BC at Sarsina in Umbria, went to Rome, engaged in work connected with the stage, lost his money in commerce, then turned to writing comedies.
		So we have Greek manners of Athens about 300–250 BC transferred to the Roman stage of about 225–185, with Greek places, people, and customs, for popular amusement in a Latin city whose own culture was not yet developed and whose manners were more severe.
		To make his plays live for his audience, Plautus included many Roman details, especially concerning slavery, military affairs, and law, with some invention of his own, notably in management of metres.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/L060.html (168 words)

	Plautus
		Plautus (edited by David R. Slavitt and Palmer Bovie; ISBN: 0801850711; (v.
		Plautus (edited by David R. Slavitt and Palmer Bovie; ISBN: 0801850568; (v.
		Plautus (edited by David R. Slavitt and Palmer Bovie; ISBN: 080185072X; (v.
	isbndb.com /d/book/plautus_a01.html (248 words)

	Pseudolus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Plautus uses Pseudolus as a means of creating a comic hero whose worth is not based on his status and class in society.
		Plautus was attempting to show his audience that human worth is not based merely on wealth and social position, but on decent human qualities that transcend what society dictates as making a human powerful and great.
		Plautus was trying to make a statement about judging a person based merely on wealth and class.
	people.cornellcollege.edu /j-gentes/comedy/pseudolus.htm (1281 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Plautus: The Comedies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Born in Sarsina, Umbria, in 254 B.C., Plautus is said to have worked in Rome as a stage carpenter and later as a miller's helper.
		Plautus was not "literary" but rather an energetic and resourceful man of the world who spoke the language of the people.
		In these lively new translations, which effectively communicate the vitality and verve of the originals, the plays of Plautus are accessible to a new generation.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/080185072X (450 words)

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