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	Pledge of Allegiance - MSN Encarta
		The Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag is an oath of loyalty to the country.
		Pledge of Allegiance, oath of loyalty to the flag of the United States and to the nation it symbolizes.
		I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554245/Pledge_of_Allegiance.html (784 words)

	Pledging Allegiance to the Omnipotent Lincolnian State by Thomas J. DiLorenzo
		He further stated that the "true reason for allegiance to the Flag" was to indoctrinate American school children in the false history of the American founding that was espoused first by Daniel Webster and, later, by Abraham Lincoln.
		The Pledge of Allegiance is an oath of allegiance to the omnipotent, Lincolnian state.
		The Pledge itself is an oath of allegiance to the central state, and the "under God" language only serves to deify the state.
	www.lewrockwell.com /dilorenzo/dilorenzo54.html (1264 words)

	PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE & HEIL HITLER HOOEY EXPOSED, NAZISM, SOCIALISM & NATIONAL SOCIALISTS EXPOSED IN THE USA ...
		As the nation's leading authority on the pledge of allegiance, RexCurry.net made the historic discovery that the salute of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) originated from the military salute in the USA, and from the original flag pledge (as written by a socialist), and not from ancient Rome.
		Allegiance refers to a "liege" and that is a noun referencing "a feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service." As an adjective it means "owing primary allegiance and service to a feudal lord." It originally referred to barbarians allowed to settle on Roman land.
		The lack of reference to the U.S. pledge of allegiance and flag salute suggests that Borgese was unaware that the National Socialist Francis Bellamy caused the straight-arm salute to be used extensively in the U.S. from 1892, and the salute was still being used in the U.S. when Borgese wrote his book in 1937.
	rexcurry.net /pledgesalute.html (6498 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pledge of Allegiance is a promise or oath of allegiance to the United States as represented by its national flag.
		The Pledge of Allegiance was written for the popular children's magazine Youth's Companion by socialist author and Baptist minister Francis Bellamy on September 7, 1892.
		In a 2002 case brought by atheist Michael Newdow, whose daughter was being taught the pledge in school, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the phrase "under God" an unconstitutional endorsement of monotheism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pledge_of_Allegiance (2364 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance and its "under God" phrase: 9th circuit court decision
		To suggest that school children who want to recite the Pledge of Allegiance can no longer do so because it violates the Constitution represents faulty and flawed legal reasoning on the part of the appeals court...This is just another attempt to remove any mention of God from the public arena.
		A bill to reaffirm "In God We Trust" as the national motto, and the phrase "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance was passed with a 99% vote in the House, and unanimously in the Senate.
		It states that the phrase "one nation under God" in the pledge reflects the religious faith central to the founding of the nation and that its recitation is a patriotic act, not a statement of religious faith.
	www.religioustolerance.org /nat_pled3.htm (2694 words)

	Story & Meaning Pledge (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States, according to James A. Moss, an authority on the flag and its history, was first given national publicity through the official program of the National Public School Celebration of Columbus Day in October 1892.
		The Pledge of Allegiance continued to be recited daily by children in schools across America, and gained heightened popularity among adults during the patriotic fervor created by World War II.
		When the Pledge is being given, all should stand with the right hand over the heart, fingers together and horizontal with the arm at as near a right angle as possible.
	www.flagday.org /Pages/StoryofPledge.html (809 words)

	CNN.com - Court dismisses Pledge case - Jun 15, 2004
		The Supreme Court dismisses a challenge to the Pledge of Allegiance.
		The 8-0 ruling by the high court reversed a lower-court decision that teacher-led recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools is unconstitutional.
		It was originally worded: "I pledge allegiance to my flag and the republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." It quickly became a part of public school programs.
	www.cnn.com /2004/LAW/06/14/scotus.pledge (1062 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance ruled unconstitutional / Many say ruling by S.F. court hasn't a prayer after appeals
		The Pledge of Allegiance, a patriotic ritual of America's classrooms, is unconstitutional because the phrase "under God" is a government endorsement of religion, a federal appeals court ruled Wednesday.
		The current pledge "is a profession of a religious belief, namely, a belief in monotheism," said the majority opinion by Judge Alfred Goodwin, a 1971 appointee of President Richard Nixon.
		The pledge, composed in 1892 by a Baptist minister and self-described Christian socialist named Francis Bellamy, is a voluntary exercise among school districts.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/06/27/MN67763.DTL (1963 words)

	Under God? Pledge of Allegiance Constitutionality
		In the attempt to defend the Pledge, government and the various friends of the Court supporting the Pledge have said a remarkable variety of things, but probably the most common thing they've said is variations on what appears in the brief of the United States.
		The Pledge of Allegiance is not in a form of prayer.
		The Pledge of Allegiance was recited unchanged for 50 years before the Court considered the question.
	pewforum.org /events/index.php?EventID=53 (13333 words)

	Will 'under God' survive justices' scrutiny? - Tom Curry- msnbc.com
		The ruling clashed with a 1992 decision by the Seventh Circuit, which covers Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin, that an Illinois statute requiring recitation of the Pledge by students did not violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment because the reference to God in the Pledge was ceremonial and not a state "establishment" of religion.
		The pledge ‘does not establish a religion or religious faith’ or ‘communicate an endorsement of religious belief,’ reasoned the Court.
		Must the Pledge therefore be barred from the public schools (both from graduation ceremonies and from the classroom)?” he wondered.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4542685 (1165 words)

	The History of the Pledge of Allegiance
		Pledge of Allegiance was first recited in 1892, the year it was first written.
		Pledge stayed this way until 1954, when Congress added the words "under God." This was the final change, giving the Pledge its current wording:
		all across the United States recite the Pledge of Allegiance at school, usually in the morning.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/ushistory/pledgeofallegiancehistory.htm (277 words)

	YouTube - Pledge of Allegiance, Francis Bellamy, Edward Bellamy
		Rather than pledging allegiance to the government and it's flag and the promotion of nationalism, I would like to see support and protection of individual rights and the concept of liberty.
		The Pledge of Allegiance was the origin of the stiff-armed salute adopted later by the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis).
		The Pledge's early right-arm salute was not an ancient Roman salute.
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=BssWWZ3XEe4 (624 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance
		In the simplicity of its decree, The Pledge of Allegiance carries with in it the power to communicate with only a few words to all the people of the world the only blueprint for hope and justice that can forever free the world from terrorism and tyranny.
		In short our Pledge of Allegiance must act as the Big Mac for Liberty with one difference that the craving for freedom that is created in all that hear and use it becomes satisfied not insatiable.
		The essence of this allegiance is revealed in its simplest form by the pledge that the citizens give to their country and flag This pledge leaves no doubt to what position each nation takes among the world concerning the type of governance they embrace concerning the protection of their citizens rights or lack their of.
	www.victoriousamerica.com /alert/newpledge.htm (1104 words)

	JS Online: The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance
		The original Pledge of Allegiance, "I pledge allegiance to my flag and the Republic for which it stands -- One nation indivisible -- with liberty and justice for all," was written in September of 1892 by Francis Bellamy for "The Youth's Companion" magazine in Boston.
		The first organized use of the Pledge of Allegiance came on Oct. 12, 1892, when some 12 million American school children recited it to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of Columbus' voyage.
		Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance in 1942, but in 1943, the Supreme Court ruled that public school students could not be forced to recite it.
	www.jsonline.com /news/attack/sep01/pledge.asp (193 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance
		Tell the children because the pledge is a very special promise, we must have good pledge manners each time we say it.
		Reconstruct the pledge on the chart, redefining the key(highlighted) words when they are placed on the chart.
		Ask students to copy the pledge on a piece of paper and draw a picture of themselves using proper etiquette while saying the pledge.
	www.glc.k12.ga.us /BuilderV03/LPTools/LPShared/lpdisplay.asp?LPID=1193 (942 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance History - Under God ProCon.org
		The organized movement for adding "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance can be traced to a resolution adopted by the Knights of Columbus' national board of directors in April 1951, at the height of the Korean War.
		House Concurrent Resolution 245 expressing the sense of Congress that the United States Supreme Court should speedily find the use of the Pledge of Allegiance in schools to be consistent with the Constitution of the United States passed 383-31.
		Pledge Protection Act 2005 (H.R. that would amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction of Federal courts over certain cases and controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance, passed 260-167.
	www.undergodprocon.org /pop/PledgeHistory.htm (3651 words)

	The Pledge of Allegiance - Public and Intergovernmental Affairs
		The Pledge of Allegiance was written for the 400th anniversary, in 1892, of the discovery of America.
		According to some accounts of Bellamy as author, he decided to write a pledge of allegiance, rather than a salute, because it was a stronger expression of loyalty — something particularly significant even 27 years after the Civil War ended.
		Originally, the pledge was said with the hand in the so-called “Bellamy Salute,” with the hand resting first outward from the chest, then the arm extending out from the body.
	www1.va.gov /opa/feature/celebrate/pledge.asp (560 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance
		The Pledge of Allegiance is a national symbol, and as such all Americans should be able to freely participate in reciting it, especially students in public schools.
		The Pledge in use today, written by Francis Bellamy in 1892, was modified by the U.S. congress in 1954 by adding the words “under God” and in effect turning it into an unconstitutional public prayer.
		We ask the U.S. Congress to pass a resolution restoring the Pledge of Allegiance to its original wording, as recited by all Americans during WWII.
	restorethepledge.org (651 words)

	House passes Pledge of Allegiance shield - Politics- msnbc.com
		The pledge bill would deny jurisdiction to federal courts, and appellate jurisdiction to the Supreme Court, to decide questions pertaining to the interpretation or constitutionality of the pledge.
		Supporters argued that the "under God" phrase, added to the pledge in 1954, was intrinsic to the nation's heritage and traditions and must be shielded from unelected judges.
		The pledge bill was part of the House GOP's "American values agenda" that House Speaker Dennis Hastert, R-Ill., said would "defend America's founding principles." Another part of that agenda, a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage, was defeated in the House on Tuesday.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/13937043 (805 words)

	CNN.com - Gov't to ask rehearing of Pledge ruling - June 27, 2002
		The three-member panel of the appeals court ruled Wednesday in a 2-1 decision that reciting the Pledge of Allegiance is unconstitutional because of the addition of the phrase "under God" in 1954 by Congress.
		The Senate was so outraged Wednesday that it passed a resolution 99-0 expressing full support for the Pledge of Allegiance and on Thursday voted 99-0 to recodify the "under God" language in the pledge.
		Next to the governor, there was a placard with the text of the Pledge of Allegiance on it.
	www.cnn.com /2002/LAW/06/27/pledge.allegiance/index.html (852 words)

	Pledge of Allegiance and its "under God" phrase
		The Pledge is recited, on average, tens of millions of times a day -- largely by students in schools across America.
		Partly in reaction to these factors, a reported 15 resolutions were initiated in Congress to change the pledge.
		The change was partly motivated by a desire to differentiate between communism, which promotes Atheism, and Western capitalistic democracies, which were at least nominally Christian.
	www.religioustolerance.org /nat_pled1.htm (1369 words)

	The Honorable Jim Nussle, Iowa 1st District - Nussle Votes to Protect Pledge of Allegiance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nussle is an original co-sponsor of the Pledge Protection Act to defend the First Amendment right of every citizen to recite the Pledge.
		This legislation protects the Pledge from activist judges by denying jurisdiction to any Federal court to hear cases pertaining to the Pledge of Allegiance or rule on its Constitutionality.
		132), which condemned the ruling by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal that the Pledge of Allegiance unconstitutionally endorses religion, and states the ruling is inconsistent with the Supreme Court's interpretation of the First Amendment and should be overturned.
	www.house.gov /apps/list/speech/ia01_nussle/pledgeprotection.html (215 words)

	What I Expect My Child To Learn From Not Saying the Pledge of Allegiance by James Perry
		What is a pledge or promise of allegiance? Is it necessary? After the War Between the States, rebellious southerners were required to cite an “oath of allegiance.” The word allegiance used in the Pledge has its roots in this loyalty oath.
		For a sovereign citizen to pledge allegiance to the Republic is exactly backwards.
		One clue might be this: the pledge was originally cited while giving a stiff uplifted right hand salute — much like the salute of a later proponent of the national socialism also advocated by the Bellamys — Adolph Hitler. This practice of saluting while pledging allegiance was discontinued after the Second World War.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig3/perry1.html (1412 words)

	Outlook - Pledge of Allegiance Alternatives
		When we invited various and sundry people - diverse in profession, geography as well as background - to revise or even rewrite the Pledge of Allegiance, one told us the current wording is "just Yankee Doodle Dandy"; it could not be improved upon.
		Another explained that she had "a problem with the whole idea of pledges and allegiances....
		Here are their alternative pledges - some a mere tweak, others more inventive - crafted by people who neither found the pledge perfect nor considered the paradigm dangerous.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/opinion/2005/pledge/altpledge_main.html (250 words)

	Annie's "Pledge of Allegiance" Page
		"Pledge of Allegiance is a solemn promise of loyalty to the United States.
		I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for
		the pledge part of its code for the use of the flag.
	www.annieshomepage.com /pledge.html (696 words)

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