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	Pleistocene Epoch - MSN Encarta
		Pleistocene Epoch, third division of the Neogene Period of the geologic time scale (see Geologic Time).
		The Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 million years to 11,500 years before present) followed the Pliocene Epoch and is the epoch just previous to our current epoch, the Holocene Epoch (11,500 years before present to the present).
		The end of the Pleistocene Epoch is more straightforward: Geologists designate the boundary between the Pleistocene and the current epoch, the Holocene, as 11,500 calendar years before present.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573397/Pleistocene_Epoch.html (2022 words)

	Pleistocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the geologic timescale, usually dated as 1.8-1.6 million to 10,000 years before present, with the end date expressed in radiocarbon years.
		The Pleistocene is the third epoch of the Neogene period or 6th epoch of the Cenozoic era.
		Pleistocene continental deposits are found primarily in lakebeds, loess deposits and caves as well as in the large amounts of material moved about by glaciers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pleistocene (508 words)

	Pleistocene epoch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The characteristic formation laid down in the glacial stages of the Pleistocene, as in all glacial periods, is the drift.
		During the Pleistocene, volcanic activity and warping of the earth’s surface occurred on the Pacific coast.
		Among the characteristic Pleistocene mammals of North America were at least four species of elephants, including the mastodon and the mammoth, true horses, of the same genus as the domestic horse though not of the same species, saber-tooth carnivores, large wolves, giant armadillos and ground sloths, bisons, camels, and wild pigs.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pl/Pleistoc.html (841 words)

	Pleistocene Epoch
		The Pleistocene was known for its ice ages.
		Whatever the cause, animals of the Pleistocene had to stay tough to survive.
		During the Pleistocene Epoch, Plants also evolved with the climate change.
	library.thinkquest.org /20886/pleistocene.htm (285 words)

	AllRefer.com - Pleistocene epoch (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pleistocene epoch [pl I ´st u s E n] Pronunciation Key, 6th epoch of the Cenozoic era of geologic time (see Geologic Timescale, table).
		According to a classification that considered its deposits to have been formed by the biblical great flood, the epoch was originally called the Quaternary.
		Since the interglacial periods of the Pleistocene were of longer duration than the time elapsed since the end of the Pleistocene 11,000 years ago, it is sometimes suggested that the Holocene, or Recent, epoch, which is occurring now, may be merely another such interglacial stage and that the glaciers may return at some future time.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/Pleistoc.html (246 words)

	Geologic Epochs
		The Holocene Epoch marks the conclusion of the Ice Ages and the initiation the modern warmer and dryer climate.
		The Pleistocene Epoch from 1.8 Million to 10,000 Years Ago is the first Epoch of the Quaternary Period and was marked by the most recent Ice Ages, remember that previous Ice Ages had occurred.
		During the Pleistocene Epoch the Mammoth, mastodon, sabre-tooth cat, lion, camel, llama, dire wolf, bison, coyote, ground sloth, caribou, and woodland muskox all survived on the Snake River Plain of Idaho.
	imnh.isu.edu /geo_time/geo_time_epochs.htm (242 words)

	Pleistocene - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Pleistocene was originally intended to cover the recent period of repeated glaciations, however, the start was set too late and some early cooling and glaciation are now set in the Pliocene.
		The Pleistocene climate was characterized by repeated glacial cycles where continental glaciers pushed to the 40th parallel in places.
		Antarctica was ice-bound throughout the Pleistocene as well as the preceding Pliocene Period.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /p/pl/pleistocene.html (495 words)

	Holocene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Holocene Epoch is a geologic period that extends from the present back about 10,000 radiocarbon years.
		The beginning of the Holocene was punctuated by the Younger Dryas cold period, the final part of the Pleistocene epoch.
		The Holocene is the fourth and last epoch of the Neogene period (second epoch of the unofficial Quaternary sub-era).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holocene (631 words)

	Pleistocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Analysis of horse (Equus) metapodials from the late Pleistocene of the lower Nueces valley, south Texas.(Statistical Dat...
		The Pleistocene is the first of the two epochs of the Quaternary period or 6th epoch of the Cenozoic era.
		Pleistocene continental deposits are found primarily in lakebeds and caves as well as in the large amounts of material moved about by glaciers.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Pleistocene (891 words)

	Palaeos Cenozoic: Pleistocene: The Pleistocene Epoch
		Charles Lyell in 1839, on the basis of a section of type strata in eastern Sicily, according to the proportion of extinct to living species of mollusk shells in the sediment.
		The present definition of the Pleistocene is based on radiometric dating of 1.8 million years or more recent, the presence of cooler water mollusks and foraminifers, the absence of marine micro-organisms called discoasters, and on land the fossil remains of modern horses and true elephants (in the past more widespread than they are today).
		The Pleistocene saw the age of mammals is at its height, with both small and giant forms living alongside each other.
	www.palaeos.com /Cenozoic/Pleistocene/Pleistocene.htm (631 words)

	Geologic Time: The Pleistocene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Pleistocene is the fifth epoch of the Cenozoic; it started approximately 1.8 million years ago and ended 11,000 years ago.
		During this epoch the polar ice sheets expanded and contracted -- the reason why the Pleistocene is commonly known as the Ice Age.
		Environmental fluctuation during the Pleistocene was apparently conducive to human evolution, which is characterized by an increase in the adaptability of the human lineage.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/pleistocene.htm (353 words)

	The Ice Age (Pleistocene Epoch) \| Gulf Coast Geology \| Educator and Student Resources \| Gulf of Mexico Program \| US EPA
		The most recent episode of glaciation, the Pleistocene epoch, is commonly referred to as the Ice Age and began approximately 1.6 million years ago.
		The glaciers of Greenland and Antarctica are remnants of the last glacial advance, and we presently live in an interglacial stage termed the Holocene epoch.
		During the Pleistocene epoch, two or more centers of glaciation in Canada probably joined to form one large sheet of ice.
	www.epa.gov /gmpo/edresources/pleistocene.html (1157 words)

	Pleistocene
		So the Pleistocene, and the Holocene (the epoch in which we now live), is a tiny part of the geologic time scale.
		The Pleistocene is also known as the Ice Age because of the massive glaciers that covered much of the northern North America and parts of Northern Eurasia, as can be seen in the above diagrams from Matsch (1976), and from Lister and Bahn (1994).
		Notice that the dominance of spruce in the area during the Pleistocene ends abruptly at approximately 10,230 years BP, and is replaced by birch, pine, elm, and oak.
	geography.berkeley.edu /ProgramCourses/CoursePagesFA2004/geog148/Term%20Papers/Anita%20Lee/PLEIST~1.html (857 words)

	The Cenozoic Era.
		The Pleistocene epoch is dominated by the Ice Ages when extensive ice sheets spread towards the equator from both the Antarctic and Arctic regions covering much of Europe and North America.
		During the Pliocene epoch the Bovids (cattle, sheep, goats, antelope and gazelle) begin to rise to dominate the mammal fauna.
		Typical mammals of the Pliocene epoch include Deinotherium, a specialized elephant which reached a height of 3 metres (10 feet) at the shoulder, the giant ground sloth Megatherium which reached a length of 6 metres (20 feet), and the long-legged long-necked Macrauchenia which is a member of an extinct group of mammals called the Litopterns.
	www.bobainsworth.com /fossil/cenozoic.htm (785 words)

	Pleistocene Epoch -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It is preceded by the Pliocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period and is followed by the Holocene Epoch.
		It is a subdivision of a geological period and the word is capitalized when employed in a formal sense (e.g., Pleistocene Epoch).
		It overlies rocks from the Pliocene Epoch (5.3 to 1.6 million years ago) and is itself overlain by...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9117455 (599 words)

	Extinction
		The Pleistocene Epoch is part of the Geologic Timescale, usually dated as 1.8 million years ago to 10,000 years ago.
		The Pleistocene climate was characterized by repeated glacial cycles where continental glaciers pushed south to the 40th parallel in places.
		One new theory is that the ongoing migration of human beings into North and South America toward the end of the Pleistocene period carrying new diseases, viruses, that could possibly spread throughout the communities of all the large mammals and pose a threat to their existence is supported by some evidence.
	www.alienconnection.com /Clouds4.htm (873 words)

	Portable Planetariums Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Pliocene epoch is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years before present.
		Mid-latitude glaciations were probably underway before the end of the epoch; the Arctic ice cap formed, and Antarctica was covered entriely with year-round glaciation by the end of the period.
		Glyptodon was a relative of the armadillo that lived during the Pleistocene Epoch.
	www.planetarios.com /cenozoico.htm (8705 words)

	SDNHM Fossil Mysteries: Geologic Timeline
		The Fossil Mysteries exhibition explores the prehistoric record of the San Diego region from the Cretaceous Period to the Pleistocene Epoch.
		The Holocene Epoch may be an interval between glacial incursions, typical of the Pleistocene Epoch and therefore not a separate epoch in itself.
		This epoch is best known as the "Great Ice Age." Ice sheets and other glaciers encroach and retreat during four or five primary glacial periods.
	www.sdnhm.org /exhibits/mystery/fg_timeline.html (1781 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During the Pleistocene epoch of Europe and Asia, about 1.8 million years ago until about 10,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age, the fauna consisted of several species of rhinoceroses.
		The Rhino lived during the Pleistocene era and its remains are found in sediment from that time period.
		The woolly rhino was an herbivore that grazed moderate grasslands and tundra.
	www.priweb.org /ed/ICTHOL/ICTHOL02_peer_review_papers/42.html (544 words)

	The Pleistocene
		Pleistocene biotas were extremely close to modern ones — many genera and even species of Pleistocene conifers, mosses, flowering plants, insects, mollusks, birds, mammals, and others survive to this day.
		Yet the Pleistocene was also characterized by the presence of distinctive large land mammals and birds.
		Paleontologists who work on Pleistocene fossils are providing a growing amount of data on the effect of climate change on the Earth's biota, making it possible to understand the effects of future climate change.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /quaternary/ple.html (569 words)

	Field Trip To Pleistocene Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California
		The fossil mammal bones from the Pleistocene exposures were discovered sometime in the early 1900s by John T. Reed of San Bernardino, California.
		The older of the two lakes disappeared, they concluded, due to desiccation, while the younger body of water vanished--as Buwalda had claimed many years before, when the overflow channel at Afton Canyon was eventually downcut enough to allow the ancestral Mojave River to flow freely across the land, draining the lake.
		Specimens of the Tui Chub and Three-spine stickleback, while found scattered throughout the fine silts and sands of the upper half of the Manix Formation, are often concentrated in the middle of the sedimentary section in strata roughly 290 thousand years old.
	members.aol.com /Waucoba5/manix/manixlake.html (2646 words)

	GE 70B Webproject ~ climate.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Pleistocene epoch is marked by a series of glaciations and warmer interglacial periods.
		During the Pleistocene epoch (and similar to modern times), the continent of Antarctica was located at the southern pole.
		The Pleistocene epoch was marked by almost a roller coaster (relative to geological time) of climate change.
	www.bol.ucla.edu /~jshih8/climate.html (1385 words)

	Demise of Atlantis and the Pleistocene Extinction
		One of the indicators of the end of the Pleistocene 12,000 years ago is the huge numbers of frozen carcasses in both hemispheres: Canada and Alaska in the western, and Northern Russia and Siberia in the eastern.
		Paleontologist George G. Simpson considers the extinction of the Pleistocene horse in north America to be one of the most mysterious episodes in zoological history, admitting that in all honesty no one knows the answer.
		Even the Pleistocene geologist William R. Farrand of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, who is opposed to catastrophism in any form, states: "Sudden death is indicated by the robust condition of the animals and their full stomachs.
	www.atlantisquest.com /Paleontology.html (1845 words)

	Pleistocene Epoch \| World of Earth Science
		The Pleistocene Epoch spans the time between roughly 2.6 million years ago (mya) and onset of the current Holocene Epoch 10,000 to 11,000 years ago.
		The earliest epoch, the Pleistocene Epoch is further subdivided into (from earliest to most recent) Gelasian and Calabrian stages.
		The size of land mammals generally increased throughout the Pleistocene Epoch and the fossil record established that during the Pleistocene Epoch, hominid (human-like) species became established and evolved into humans (Homo sapiens).
	www.bookrags.com /research/pleistocene-epoch-woes-02 (427 words)

	The Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era
		The Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era
		The Pleistocene epoch is the best-known glacial period, commonly referred to as the Ice Age, of Earth’s history.
		Among the characteristic Pleistocene epoch mammals of North America were at least four species of elephants, including the mastodon and the mammoth, and true horses of the same genus as the domestic horse though not of the same species.
	www.science501.com /PTPleistocene.html (814 words)

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