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	Plena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fundamental melody of the plena (a dance difficult to classify), as in all regional Puerto Rican music, has a decided Spanish strain; it is marked in the resemblance between the plena Santa María and a song composed in the Middle Ages by Alfonso the Wise, King of Spain.
		There is some speculation that "plena" is a corruption of "Play, Anna", the alleged initial call used by the husband to ask his wife to assist him in his drumming by playing the counterpoint that characterizes plena.
		Plena is played throughout Puerto Rico especially during special occasions such as the Christmas season, and as the musical backdrop for civic protests, due to its traditional use as a vehicle for social commentary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plena (513 words)

	Music of Puerto Rico - Genres: Plena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The plena is an important genre of folk music in Puerto Rico and typically associated with coastal regions of the island.
		The plena became popular in the early part of the 20th century in the sugar-growing areas along the southern coast of the island.
		Plena music is played in 2/4 time, with instruments that typically would include several sizes and pitches of panderetas, also called "panderos".
	www.musicofpuertorico.com /en/genre_plena.html (1283 words)

	plenatotalpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plena is called "el periodico cantado" (the sung newspaper) because its lyrics, sung in sharp, ironic tones, often relate local daily news, historical events, gossip, and a host of other themes covering a broad scope of human experience.
		Plena, on the other hand, was born at a time when people of diverse social and economic classes and ethnic, national, and cultural backgrounds were coming together in a context of economic and social upheaval; it was a time when the old aristocratic class structures were beginning to crumble.
		Plena is so deeply rooted in the everyday lives of its creators and community that it has endured for a century, survived transplantation, and been a source of national pride and identity.
	www.salsacrazy.com /salsaroots/plenatotalpage.htm (4963 words)

	Proyecto La Plena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Proyecto la Plena was initially created in 1990 to represent Puerto Rican music during the Cinco de Mayo and May day celebrations in the Twin Cities.
		Proyecto La Plena provides cultural arts presentations and interactive workshops designed to instill in our youth a sense of history, continuity, identity, respect for diversity, creativity and positive recreation, while also educating the community at large.
		Proyecto La Plena's culturally diverse presentations are intended to illustrate the pluralistic nature of urban societies in the U.S. and the world, and to encourage dialoge at all levels.
	www.mbus.com /bands/genadm/Proyecto.La.Plena.htm (379 words)

	Plena Libre at Yoshi's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plena Libre is a 12-member orchestra from Puerto Rico that has been praised for liberating the plena and saluting the masters.
		Plena is a traditional Afro-Rican rhythm and musical genre, and Plena Libre means free form, or liberated plena.
		Plena Libre was formed in 1994 by bassist and bandleader Gary Nuñez, whose mission was to reinvent and update the genre, taking it from its present folkloric status - which relegated its performance to holidays and folk revivals - and turning it into a living and breathing, popular, evolving form.
	www.yoshis.com /artist/plena_libre (177 words)

	Bomba y Plena 101
		Plena, African in origin and Puerto Rico in character, is played by 3 tambourine-like hand-held drums called "panderetas".
		Plena, like bomba is a dancer-drum-response art, where dancers and drummers mimic each other's rhythms in improvisation.
		Plenas, similar to Spanish romance, Mexican folklore, calypso, English ballads, Colombian folklore, and Dominican merengue, are popular among concerts, social events, parties, and protests.
	reddpr.tripod.com /plena (466 words)

	Mondavi Center > Events > Plena Libre Supplemental Information
		Plena Libre created a place on the scene for itself, and has since taken its updated blend of roots music to many parts of the world.
		The core of the band’s repertoire remains the danceable plena, the folkloric form that was born 100 years ago and provided an orally transmitted newspaper, and the bomba, a genre that derives from African traditions brought by slaves to Puerto Rico.
		Evolución showcases a Plena Libre that is polished and seasoned, a group that went into the recording studio with a fortified pool of talent.
	www.mondaviarts.org /events/supplemental.cfm?supplemental_unique_id=188&event_id=149 (534 words)

	Music of Puerto Rico - Artists: Plena Libre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		They have probably not heard the plena, but Plena Libre is ready to change that with their high-energy interpretation of Puerto Rico's national rhythm and folk genre.
		Plena developed on Puerto Rico in the late 18th century as both a dance and a musical style.
		Plena had largely disappeared by the 1990's, however, when Plena Libre released their first album, Juntos y Revueltos.
	www.musicofpuertorico.com /en/plena_libre.html (439 words)

	The Plena Group : Latest Plena News
		Plena will thereby have a complete range of glasswall solutions enabling them to offer a cost efficient solution whatever the size of the project.
		Plena aims to become the strongest partner in the glasswall solution market in Scandinavia in the next three years.
		Plena AB reports that the financial year of 2004 was the strongest in its 25 year history.
	www.plena-group.com /news.html (278 words)

	Bomba y Plena 101
		Plenas are still very popular among protesting concentrations and marches throughout Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican communities in the United States.
		Both Plena and Bomba share its roots in Africa, but Plena is a more "criollo" style of music, further developed and spiced in Puerto Rico.
		In the early 1900s, as Plena was developing and becoming a distinguished form of art, only two pandereta drums were used.
	reddpr.tripod.com /plena/history.htm (330 words)

	Plena Libre
		The 12-piece orchestra, with plenty of horns and voices well-tuned, are dedicated to the Puerto Rican street music known as plena which somewhat resembles Trinidadian calypso.
		Febo recalls that in Puerto Rico plena was mostly heard from a bunch of guys on the corner with drums and maybe a guitar or accordion, and the tradition has always been full of topical content, with commentary on the latest news sung lustily.
		Earlier in the day you can partake in a literal learning experience, as Taller Puertorriqueño presents a workshop at Temple, where Plena Libre will teach the drumming and singing that are key to the genre.
	www.citypaper.net /articles/111600/cw.pick.libre.shtml (215 words)

	Plena Libre: Â¡Estamos gozando! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As it is true of assorted other musical styles in current and past history, the plena and the bomba from Puerto Rico have had to be transmogrified in order to lengthen their market reach.
		In the case, for example, of the justly celebrated binomial of Rafael Cortijo and Ismael Rivera, there was a conscious effort to assimilate bomba and plena with Cuban son and guaracha.
		This time, after nearly a decade of accomplishments, Plena Libre is honoring several noteworthy figures associated with the type of music they perform by reinterpreting some standards, as well as repertoire not considered as such albeit penned by important authors in these genres.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=14370 (689 words)

	salsa 101 mwf
		The plena's words deal with contemporary events and is often called "el periodico cantado" (the sung newspaper) (similar to the "corridos" of Northern Mexico and Southern Texas - edward).
		The plena dance is also performed by a couple, but is less an integral part of the music.
		The instruments used in a plena include several sizes of "panderetas" (hand-held drum), "requinto" (solo drum), "guiro" (scraped gourd), accordion, harmonica and perhaps a guitar and conga drum.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/1033/queeni.html (2911 words)

	Plena Libre keep Puerto Rican tradition - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
		Nuñez, founder and leader of the band, Plena Libre, says he was -- and still is -- fighting against the influence of the "international powers" that steer musical direction in his country.
		Nuñez says he wanted Plena Libre to be "commercial in the best sense of the word" and believes it has been successful by blending elements from other musical styles with the shape of the plena.
		He thinks the interest in plena actually is out there, but its fans hear so little of it their interest doesn't seem to exist.
	pittsburghlive.com /x/tribune-review/entertainment/music/s_440451.html (469 words)

	Plena Libre
		Plena is a traditional Afro-Rican rhythm and musical genre, and Plena Libre means free-form, or liberated, plena, a traditional Puerto Rican rhythm which emerged from the island’s African heritage.
		Plena Libre was formed in 1994 by bassist and bandleader Gary Nuñez, whose mission was to reinvent and update the genre, taking it from its present folkloric status — which relegated its performance to holidays and folk revivals — and turning it into a living and breathing, popular, evolving form.
		Plena Libre has performed thousands of shows in Puerto Rico, and has toured in the U.S, South America, Asia and Europe, receiving extraordinary reviews for their performances and recordings which have generated over 15 hit songs and sold hundreds of thousands of copies in Puerto Rico alone.
	www.worldconnection.nl /wclayout/biografy.php?site_id=20 (542 words)

	LP: Play Like a Pro: Tech Support
		Plena functions as a sort of singing newspaper, a musical form in which barrio residents recount events and scandals of the day.
		In the plena ensemble, the seguidor, and segundo establish the basic plena rhythm, while the requinto improvises, creating rhythmic interaction with the call and response vocals and the melodic instruments.
		Also, within the Plena genre there are some variants such as; Plena Lamento (a very slow tempo plena with lyrics of sadness and melancholy), Plena Poética (a medium tempo plena with poetic verses adapted to the lyrics), and Plena con Mambo (a fast tempo plena with a very short "Coro", also known as "Coro Picao").
	www.lpmusic.com /Play_Like_A_Pro/Tech_Support/plena.html (489 words)

	HIFI.NL
		Plena is een van de belangrijkste muzikale stromingen in Puerto Rico.
		De plena zelf is waarschijnlijk met de bomba door slaven uit Afrika meegenomen en heeft zich in Puerto Rico verder ontwikkeld.
		Plena Libre geeft precies de juiste extra ‘schwung’ mee aan de muziek zodat ze niet puur traditioneel is en ook niet puur modern.
	www.hifi.nl /recensies.php?id=2347 (910 words)

	Bosch Security Systems - Communication, Security & Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the basis of the Plena Voice Alarm System, the controller has all the essential functionality for compliance with IEC 60849 standard, including full system supervision, loudspeaker line impedance supervision, a supervised emergency microphone on the front panel and a supervised message manager.
		The Plena 6-zone call station is a stylish high quality call station with a stable metal base design, a flexible microphone stem and a unidirectional condenser microphone.
		PLENA is a complete range of public address solutions for wherever people gather to work, worship, trade or simply enjoy themselves.
	www.philipscsi.com /ItemPage.cfm?Family_ID=300&cntry_ID=49&lang_ID=1 (2092 words)

	Rock Paper Scissors - Plena Libre, Estamos Gozando (Times Square) - Press Release
		And third, folklore groups kept the roots of plena alive.” When Nuñez picked up the torch by forming Plena Libre in 1994, he sought to reinvent the genre, taking it from folkloric status—which relegated its performance to holidays and folk revivals—and turning it into a living and breathing, popular, evolving form.
		Plena Libre keeps one eye on the past and one eye on the future, keeping Puerto Rican music at the forefront for future parades and everyday celebrations.
		The Paradox of Puerto Rican Pride: Plena Libre Frees the Rhythm...
	www.rockpaperscissors.biz /index.cfm/fuseaction/current.press_release/project_id/153.cfm (603 words)

	6moons.com - world music: Plena Libre "Estamos Gozando!"
		Returning to the traditional plena of the farm workers and labor strikes, bassist/bandleader Gary Nuñez launched Plena Libre in 1994, intending to repossess this folkloric style for the younger generations of listeners.
		Traditional plena centers on a trio of hand drums called panderos which have parallels in the trio of Yoruban/Cuban bata drums.
		I didn't know plena from plural but now that I've heard it, I understand why Gary Nuñez felt so strongly about this hidden aspect of Puerto Rican music to dedicate an entire ensemble and 10 years to its reintroduction into the mainstream.
	www.6moons.com /worldmusic/plenalibre.html (406 words)

	Tambó featuring Johnny Almendra & Louie Bauzo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Plena Libre was founded in 1994 by Gary Nunez one of the leading musicians in Puerto Rico.
		Plena, prior to the creation of Plena Libre was a folkloric tradition which had virtually no effect on the contemporary music scene.
		However, in the late 50's and early 60's Plena did enjoy a brief period of commercial success both in Puerto Rico and within the Puerto Rican communities in the northeastern United States.
	www.rykodisc.com /RykoInternal/RykoLabels/rykolati/releases/plena (524 words)

	Bosch Philips Plena Call stations
		he Plena call station is a stylish high quality call station with a stable metal base design, a flexible microphone stem and a unidirectional condenser microphone.
		Because the Plena call station provides a balanced line level output, it can be positioned up to 100m away from the amplifier, using CAT5 extension cable.
		This Plena call station features selectable gain, a selectable speech filter and a limiter for improved intelligibility, even if the speaker moves in front of the microphone.
	www.pacat.co.uk /Plena/PlenaCallSt.htm (676 words)

	Duende M.C.C.S. - Plena Libre - press (en)
		The blends are entirely natural with plena - an intoxicating, drum-fueled rhythm born and raised on the orchestra's sunny island home - as the center of gravity and unifying force.
		The plena's 2X2 rhythm developed near the end of the 18th century, after immigrants from the "smaller" Antilles arrived in the southern part of Puerto Rico.
		At first, plena groups consisted of 3 pandeiros (aka penderetas), hand-held single-headed drums in bass, mid-range, and high range sizes, plus a guiro, the grooved gourd scraped with a stick that exists in various forms wherever Africans were brought to the Americas.
	www.duendebooking.com /artists/libre/press1_uk.htm (1053 words)

	NewWorldBuzz \|\| Plena Libre
		Plena music is a big part of that identity, and Plena Libre seeks to take this music from Puerto Rico and out on to mainland dancefloors this summer.
		Plena, a popular genre that from its inception served as the people's oral newsetter, found itself in the shadow of Cuban originated salsa and the Dominican merengue in past few decades and relegated to folk revivals.
		Unlike other plena groups old and new, Plena Libre absorbs the influence of the lush NYC-salsa horn arrangements and kicks it up with their thick trombone section and big band arrangements.
	www.newworldbuzz.com /plenalibre.html (232 words)

	the Origins of Plena y Bomba
		Like the Calypso from Trinidad, the "plena" is characterized by its simplicity and repetition, like all folkloric music, it is spontaneous expression of everyday occurrences.
		t the beginning of the 1920's, the predominant instruments used for the plena were on or tow "panderetas" or tambourines.
		The vocal part of the plena is performed by a soloist and a choir.
	www.boricua.com /music/plena.htm (501 words)

	Plena - Public Legal Education Network of Alberta
		PLENA Network's overall goal is to contribute to Albertan's knowledge and understanding of law and the justice system.
		PLENA is a network of 184 agencies, organizations, and individuals united by their common interest in educating the public about law and justice.
		In Alberta and with the PLENA Network, we have a vision of frontline family law and family violence service providers armed with the information, knowledge and capacity to meet client needs and deliver services to Albertans seamlessly.
	plena.org /new/index.asp?id=42 (635 words)

	The Plena Group : Portfolio : Fjallraven AB
		Fjallraven was one of the initial investments made by the Plena Group.
		The investment was structured as a partnership where Plena was the financial partner.
		After years of successful operation Plena's shares were sold to the strategic partner (founder of the company).
	www.plena-group.com /portfolio_com_fjallraven.html (74 words)

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