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Topic: Plethodon

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Salamander

Plethodontidae

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	ITIS Standard Report Page: Plethodon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plethodon asupak Mead, Clayton, Nauman, Olson and Pfrender, 2005
		Plethodon jordani Blatchley, 1901 -- Appalachian Salamander, Jordan's Salamander, Red-cheeked Salamander
		Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn, 1917 -- Wehrle's Salamander
	www.itis.usda.gov /servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173648 (577 words)

	Northeastern Naturalist: Leucistic red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) from Maryland
		Plethodon cinereus exhibits four color morphs: the "red-backed" phase with a prominent reddish to yellowish mid-dorsal stripe, the "lead-back" phase that lacks the stripe, the "erythristic" phase in individuals lacking lateral fl pigment and is uniformly red (Tilley et al.
		PFINGSTON, R.A. An erythristic population of Plethodon cinereus in Ohio.
		SAYLOR, A. The reproductive ecology of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, in Maryland.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3845/is_199801/ai_n8798863 (1051 words)

	Plethodontini
		Plethodon is the largest plethodonine genus in number of species (42, compiled by Frost [1985] and Duellman [1993]), many of which are cryptic species discovered using electrophoretic studies of protein variation.
		Molecular data indicate that Plethodon is paraphyletic with respect to Aneides, although taxonomic changes are not recommended until the exact phylogenetic placement of Aneides relative to the plethodons can be determined more confidently.
		Albumin evolution and its phylogenetic implications in the plethodontid salamander genera Plethodon and Ensatina.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Plethodontini&contgroup=Plethodontidae (2160 words)

	Northeastern Naturalist: first reported population of the erythristic morph of Plethodon cinereus in Pennsylvania, The
		ABSTRACT - The first record of the erythristic phenotype of the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is reported from Pennsylvania at the southern edge of the glaciated plateau.
		Plethodon cinereus is the most common woodland salamander in the northeastern United States (Conant and Collins 1998).
		PFINGSTEN, R.A. An erythristic population of Plethodon cinereus in Ohio.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3845/is_200101/ai_n8952842 (1267 words)

	CNAH
		An adult specimen of Plethodon websteri from Wilkinson County, Mississippi
		The eastern species of Plethodon are a robust, well-supported clade.
		CNAH Note: Western North American members of the genera Plethodon and Aneides are each probably a distinct genus; CNAH has not adopted temporary categories such as "metataxon." Plethodon has now become an unwieldy and uninformative genus of over 50 species of salamanders.
	www.naherpetology.org /detail.asp?id=958 (337 words)

	The Most Abundant Salamanders in New York State
		Based on their work at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, Burton and Likens (1975) proposed that the northern redback salamander, Plethodon cinereus, was so common that it may be the most abundant vertebrate in eastern mixed hardwood forests.
		Plethodon cinereus was reported from more geographic blocks than any other salamander (over 73% of blocks with any herp reports; Figures 1 - 3), demonstrating that this species is present in nearly every forested area in which any terrestrial amphibians live.
		Population dynamics and conservation of the peaks of otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/herp/publications/redback.html (1095 words)

	Plethodontini
		Plethodon petraeus (Wynn et al., 1988) demonstrates adaptations for climbing in rock crevices that parallel those of Aneides.
		Tongues are protrusible in Aneides and Plethodon and projectile in Ensatina.
		Phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Plethodontini are inferred primarily from allozymic and immunological data, plus morphological characters for the genus Aneides (Highton and Larson, 1979; Maxson et al, 1979; Larson et al., 1981; Larson, 1984; Highton et al., 1989; Highton, 1991; Wynn et al., 1988).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Plethodontini&contgroup=Plethodontidae (2160 words)

	ATLAS OF AMPHIBIANS IN TENNESSEE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the taxonomic status of the slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus (Green) in southeastern Kentucky.
		Plethodon kentucki Mittleman: a valid species of Cumberland Plateau woodland salamander.
		Geographic protein variation and divergence in populations of the salamander Plethodon cinereus.
	www.apsu.edu /~amatlas/litcit.HTM (1892 words)

	Order Caudata Salamanders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Distribution and Habitat: Plethodon richmondi is known from northern portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains, Appalachian Ridge and Valley, and Cumberland Mountains.
		Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn - Wehrle's Salamander
		Distribution and Habitat: Plethodon welleri is restricted to the Blue Ridge Mountains in northeastern Tennessee.
	www.apsu.edu /amatlas/plethodon.htm (2556 words)

	Caudata Culture Species Entry - Plethodon cinereus & serratus
		Northern redback salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, are small (6.5-12.5cm), slender woodland salamanders that have two distinct color morphs.
		Southern redback salamanders, Plethodon serratus, tend to be slightly smaller in size (up to 10.5cm) than northern redbacks, but are similar in coloration and there are also two color morphs.
		The first morph is generally dark brown in coloration with a red or orange stripe extending from the head to the tail.
	www.caudata.org /cc/species/Plethodon/P_cinereus.shtml (1867 words)

	Plethodon vandykei
		Collectively, the yellow- and red-phase (which may be difficult to distinguish) is known as "light-phase." Juveniles are similar to adults but are always dark-phase, with a distinct yellow or reddish dorsal stripe.
		Dunn’s and Van Dyke’s Salamander Study – This study is a retrospective study that addresses the landscape and local distribution of terrestrial amphibians in timber-managed landscapes.
		Dunn’s salamander (Plethodon dunni) and Van Dyke’s salamander (Plethodon vandykei), two Forests and Fish Agreement (Ffr) target species, are the focus of the study.
	www.dnr.wa.gov /nhp/refdesk/herp/html/4plva.html (680 words)

	Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Maryland
		Highton and his co-workers have studied many aspects of the population biology of salamanders of the genus Plethodon, including their ecological, geographical and genetic interactions, systematics, population genetics, evolution, behavior, and life histories.
		However, morphometric analysis of morphological variation also is being done on the large amount of material that has been obtained during the course of field work.
		Highton, R. and Peabody, R. Geographic protein variation and speciation in salamanders of the Plethodon jordani and Plethodon glutinosus complexes in the southern Appalachian Mountains with the description of four new species.
	www.life.umd.edu /biology/faculty/highton (328 words)

	ADW: Plethodon richmondi: Information
		Little evidence has been found to indicate that this salamander is territorial, it is in fact less aggressive than other Plethodon species (Petranka, 1998).
		This species is very long and slender with short legs, it has been described as a "worm with legs," (Conant and Collins 1998).
		With their affinity to habitats with steep gradients, Ravine salamanders seem to be more specialized than other Great Lakes plethodon.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html (637 words)

	Northern Redback Salamander Plethodon cinereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plethodon cinereus easy to find along the north edge of the great marsh.
		Large buttonbush swamp with some open sedge hummock areas, surrounded by mixed forest, some beech-maple, some oak, a few yellow birch near wetland margin.
		Found eight Plethodon cinereus and one juvenile Ambystoma maculatum in a brief search.
	kmier.net /ecology/redback.html (600 words)

	Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Native variant limb skeletal patterns in the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, are not regenerated.
		Geographic variation in the limb skeleton of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus.
		Hanken, J. High incidence of limb skeletal variants in a peripheral population of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Amphibia: Plethodontidae), from Nova Scotia.
	www.mcz.harvard.edu /Departments/Herpetology/publications.htm (1350 words)

	salamander on Encyclopedia.com
		A few salamanders breed on land, laying their eggs under rotting vegetation; the young pass through the gilled stage in the egg, emerging as miniature adults.
		Such strictly terrestrial forms are the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and slimy salamander (P.
		Endoparasites of the Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from McCurtain County, Oklahoma.(GENERAL NOTES)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/salamand.asp (950 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Testing Nested Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Hypotheses in the Plethodon Vandykei Species Group
		We focus here on the Plethodon vandykei species group, a salamander species complex that exhibits the characteristic disjunction and is most often found in affiliation with seeps or streams in areas with exposed and fractured bedrock (Wilson et al., 1995, 1997).
		However, the life history of Pplethodon vandykei and P. idahoensis is quite different; the genus Plethodon is characterized by direct development (no free-living larval stage), and is lungless and dependent on ambient moisture for cutaneous respiration.
		By contrast, Plethodon idahoensis has recently been found to extend 95 km north of Revelstoke, British Columbia (our locality no. 49; Wilson and Ohanjanian, 2003), which is several hundred kilometers north of the international border and 300 km farther north than Ascaphus montanus reaches.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=107750 (7919 words)

	Caudata Culture Species Entry - Plethodon glutinosus complex
		The slimy salamander complex is a group of large eastern woodland salamanders, with adults commonly reaching lengths of up to 6.75 inches (17 cm).
		When red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) were kept on a substrate with a low pH, the salamanders had problems maintaining water balance and sodium levels, causing unnecessary stress.
		In addition, if breeding of the slimy salamanders is intended, then housing slimy salamanders with Jordan’s salamanders (Plethodon jordani), Tellico salamander (Plethodon aureolus), and Cumberland Plateau Salamander (Plethodon kentucki) is contraindicated, as these species may potentially hybridize with slimy salamanders (Petranka, 1998).
	www.caudata.org /cc/species/Plethodon/P_glutinosus.shtml (2817 words)

	Plethodon vehiculum
		Other atypical color morphs include weakly melanized individuals that are the color of the dorsal stripe over the entire body and “piebald” individuals with a light body color, dark blotches and no definite stripe.
		Typical of Woodland Salamanders (Genus Plethodon), a female attends the eggs until development is complete.
		Nests are rarely found suggesting the females lay eggs inside decayed logs, in spaces between rocks, or in other underground retreats.
	www.dnr.wa.gov /nhp/refdesk/herp/html/4plve.html (744 words)

	Coeur d'Alene Salamander Detailed Information - Montana Animal Field Guide
		The maximum snout-vent length (SVL) (body length without tail) of the Coeur d'Alene salamander is 62 millimeters with only 0.5 to 3.0 intercostal folds between adpressed limbs.
		An average of six eggs is deposited in April or May. The young emerge in mid-September (Lynch 1984).
		Groves, C. Status and distribution of the Coeur d' Alene salamander (PLETHODON VANDYKEI IDAHOENSIS) in Idaho.
	fwp.state.mt.us /fieldguide/detail_AAAAD12270.aspx (1839 words)

	Reproductive status of Plethodon cinereus along vertical gradients in West Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Reproductive status of Plethodon cinereus along vertical gradients in West Virginia
		This picture was taken in Pocahontas Co. in WV in October 2001.
		Plethodon cinereus has a broad distribution throughout the northeastern United States, ranging from southern Quebec and Nova Scotia to southern North Carolina.
	www.marshall.edu /herp/Grad_Students/mizuki.htm (352 words)

	Amphibian Species of the World - Plethodon vehiculum (Cooper, 1860) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plethodon intermedius Baird In Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc.
		Western Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon vehiculum: Bishop, 1943, Handb.
		Western Redback Salamander (Plethodon vehiculum: Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol.
	research.amnh.org /herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=22754 (299 words)

	Slimy Salamanders
		Previously they were all lumped together as Plethodon glutinosus, but this name is now reserved for the Northern Slimy Salamander (see range map below).
		Slimy Salamanders, like other members of the genus Plethodon have eggs that hatch directly into small salamanders, skipping the larval stage.
		Though they are dependent upon moisture, this enables them to occupy a wide range of habitats.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /narcam/idguide/pleglut.htm (276 words)

	A009 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ensatina eschscholtzi in the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, Oregon.
		Dumas, P. The ecological relations of sympatry in Plethodon dunni and Plethodon
		of the western red-backed salamander, Plethodon vehiculum (Cooper).
	www.dfg.ca.gov /whdab/html/A009.html (197 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Plethodon nettingi
		Eggs have been found in and under rotting logs, and under rocks (Brooks 1948, Green and Pauley 1987), where they develop directly without a larval stage.
		Populations probably are fragmented by habitat modifications such as timbering, mining, recreational development, and road construction; competition with Plethodon cinereous also may be limiting.
		However, these threats are limited, and the population is probably stable.
	www.redlist.org /search/details.php?species=17627 (513 words)

	NatureServe Explorer Species Index: Genus Plethodon
		AL, GA, KY, MS, NC, TN, VA Plethodon virginia
		Distribution data for U.S. states and Canadian provinces is known to be incomplete or has not been reviewed for this taxon.
		Your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users.
	www.natureserve.org /explorer/speciesIndex/Genus_Plethodon_101789_1.htm (866 words)

	Plethodon stormi in California
		I did hear a bit about the taxonomic debate about Plethodon stormi in the 1980s, and indeed the next edition of Stebbins (1985) relegated it to a subspecies of the Del Norte Salamander P.
		For a wealth of information on the taxonomy and relationships of the salamanders in the genus Plethodon, see the Tree of Life page on this group.
		But whatever its taxonomic status, the adventure of seeking it out was memorable: a drizzly cool day in the Siskiyou Mountains and a great little salamander.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/CAsiskiyoumtsalamander.html (646 words)

	Plethodon cinereus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Plethodon cinereus photos and notes from the field.
		Found under a rock in early September, 2002.
		If you have pictures or links that you believe belong on the page, please email me.
	www.herpscope.com /cgi/herpguide.cgi?Action=pics&Key=Plethodon+cinereus (43 words)

	wildherps.com - Western Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon vehiculum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		I'll bet visiting any other time of the year would reveal many more salamanders, but be much less pleasant.
		I originally identified this salamander as Van Dyke's Salamander, Plethodon vandykei.
		The two species are very difficult to tell apart from a photo or two, but due to the location where this was found, the time of year, the relative abundance of the two species, and the number of costal grooves, it seems very likely to be Plethodon vehiculum.
	www.wildherps.com /species/P.vehiculum.html (237 words)

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