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	Gemistos Plethon - New World Encyclopedia
		Plethon wrote De Differentiis (On the Difference Between Aristotle and Plato), a description of the differences between Plato’s and Aristotles' conceptions of God, several works suggesting social and governmental reforms based on Plato's Republic, and Summary of the Doctrines of Zoroaster and Plato detailing his own eclectic polytheistic beliefs.
		Plethon also wrote about the condition of the Peloponnesus, compiled several volumes of excerpts from ancient authors, and wrote a number of works on Zoroaster, astronomy, history, geography, music and other subjects.
		Plethon inspired Cosimo de' Medici to found the Platonic Academy of Florence, and established the enthusiastic study of Plato which characterized the Italian Renaissance.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /entry/Gemistos_Plethon (1408 words)

	20th WCP: George Gemistos Plethon on God: Heterodoxy in Defense of Orthodoxy
		The core of Plethon's criticism is that "...in assigning the spheres and their movements to the separate minds and substances, he assigns a sphere and the movement of it to God himself, thus placing him on a level with the minds dependent on him."
		Plethon may have seen his lectures in Florence as a way to lay a foundation for the spread of his esoteric doctrines.
		Plethon's defense of orthodoxy was, in fact, a defense of his heterodoxy.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Medi/MediDebo.htm (4115 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Georgius Gemistus Plethon
		Although he wrote commentaries on Aristotle's logical treatises and on Porphyry's "Isagoge", he was a professed Platonist in philosophy.
		It was his enthusiasm for Platonism that influenced Cosimo de Medici to found a Platonic Academy at Florence.
		Plethon's most important works are the "Laws" written in imitation of Plato's "Laws", which was condemned by Gennadios, Patriarch of
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12166a.htm (477 words)

	Georgios Gemistos Plethon
		Plethon is also an archaic translation of the modern Greek gemistos ("full, stuffed").
		Plethon was the author of De Differentiis, a description of the differences between Plato and Aristotles' conceptions of God.
		As a secular scholar Plethon was often not needed at the council.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/GeorgiosGemistosPlethon.html (794 words)

	Plethon - New Acropolis
		Gemistus Plethon was appointed by Cosimo de Medici to the chair of philosophy in Florence, and one of his students was Bessarion, who later became a cardinal.
		Plethon traced a detailed line of predecessors in the doctrines which he summarised, going from Zoroaster and the Hindu brahmins, through Pythagoras and Plato, to Plotinus and his disciples, Porphyry and Iamblichus.
		With regard to the nature of men, Plethon stated that this is dual, since it consists of an immortal and eternal part, of the same nature as that of the gods themselves, and another animal-like and temporal part, claiming in this to be following the teachings of Zoroaster, Pythagoras and Plato.
	www.acropolis.org /(S(iudnoryagrsmmn45cayoofiq))/philosophes/Philos.aspx?lang=eng&ID=21 (1115 words)

	Byzantine Church and Learning
		The part Plethon took in the Council of Florence, his theological opposition to the Union of the Greek and Latin Churches, and, finally, the unqualified admiration shown for Plethon by his pupil Cardinal Bessarion tend to cast some doubt on the supposed paganism of Plethon.
		Plethon's treatise on the differences of Plato and Aristotle inaugurated the famous controversy on the relative superiority of Plato and Aristotle that continued for several decades among the Byzantine and later among some Western scholars, a controversy that has been given an almost exaggerated importance in some historical accounts of the fifteenth century.
		Plethon replied to Scholarios about 1449 in a treatise in which we note, among other things, the interesting remark that the basic agreement between Plato and Aristotle which Scholarios had attributed to the ancients appears only in Simplicius, who attempted to combine the doctrine of the two philosophers against that of the Christian Church.
	phoenixandturtle.net /excerptmill/hussey.htm (4628 words)

	Demetrios Constantelos - A Conflict between Ancient Greek Philosophy and Christian Orthodoxy in the Late Greek Middle ...
		Plethon was not only an advocate for "the Greek nation and the rise of Greek nationalism"(1) but in his later years he championed a revival of ancient Greek religion in the place of traditional Christianity.
		Because Plethon did not develop a concrete theological and philosophical system, it is difficult to conclude whether he had rejected the totality of Christian doctrine and to what degree he attempted to introduce a new religion.
		Plethon may be seen as a theist whose system, though not free from pantheistic or polytheistic tendencies, was closely related to Christianity.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/Constantelos_2.html (2569 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the violent death of his teacher, Plethon moved or was exiled to Mistras in the Pelopennesus; he was suspected of heresy and paganism.
		In 1428, Plethon became an advisor to John VIII, Palæologos and was a delegate at the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438/1439), which discussed the reunion of the churches at Rome and Constantinople.
		Plethon wrote commentary on both Plato and Aristotle; he attempted to synthesize neo-Platonic philosophy with belief in the Olympian gods.
	ecole.evansville.edu /glossary/plethon.html (254 words)

	History Forum > Plethon's reforms for 15th century Byzantium
		Dec 14 2005, 06:51 PM George Gemistos Plethon was a 15th century Byzantine philosopher and writer at the court of the despots in the city of Mistra on the Peloponnesos.
		Plethon was particularly concerned with it because the soldiers were torn between the duties of farming their lands and serving in the military.
		Plethon's and the unionist Greek cleric Bessarion's proposed military reforms were more realistic and could have been implemented if Manuel II Palaiologos' sons had followed his advice.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php?t5000.html (2524 words)

	Georgius Gemistus Plethon
		It was his enthusiasm for Platonism that influenced Cosimo de Medici to found a Platonic Academy at Florence.
		In 1441 Plethon had returned to the Peloponnesus, and there he died and was buried at Misithra in 1450.
		In 1465 his remains were carried to Rimini and placed in the church of St. Francis, where an inscription, curiously enough, styles him "Themistius Byzantinus".
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/p/plethon,georgius_gemistus.html (493 words)

	Reference (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Plethon studied in Constantinople and at the Ottoman Muslim court in nearby Adrianople.
		Most importantly, Plethon served as lay theologian with the Byzantine delegation to the 1438-45 general Council of Ferrara-Florence, which had been convened to reunite the Latin and Greek churches confronted by the rapid encroachment of the Ottoman Turks upon Constantinople.
		Plethon also introduced the Geography of Strabo to the West (where it had hitherto been unknown) and led the way to the overthrow of Ptolemy's erroneous geographical theories.
	www.pythagorean.org /Renaissance/pletho.htm (1258 words)

	Georgios Gemistos Plethon
		Der griechische Gelehrte und Philosoph Plethon ist ein Erneuerer des Studiums der platonischen und neuplatonischen Philosophie in Italien.
		Plethon vertrat die Auffassungen von der Realitäl der Ideen und der Unsterblichkeit der Seele.
		In seiner Ethik entwickelt Plethon eines extremen Determinismus, der mehr mit stoischen als mit platonischen Gedanken verwandt ist.
	www.philosophenlexikon.de /plethon.htm (148 words)

	Great Theosophists
		Plethon’s relativism led to a new concept of religion which was adapted to mans’ measure and which aimed to overcome the dogmatical imperfections of opposed religions.
		Plethon was a Neoplatonist whose contribution to the Italian Renaissance remains to be assessed.
		Plethon accompanied Emperor John VIII Palaiologos to the Council of Ferrara-Florence, where his lectures on Plato are thought to have inspired Cosimo de' Medici's founding of the Platonic Academy.
	www.luxlapis.co.za /at/pletho.htm (3959 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the violent death of his teacher, Plethon moved or was exiled to Mistras in the Pelopennesus; he was suspected of heresy and paganism.
		In 1428, Plethon became an advisor to John VIII, Palæologos and was a delegate at the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438/1439), which discussed the reunion of the churches at Rome and Constantinople.
		Plethon wrote commentary on both Plato and Aristotle; he attempted to synthesize neo-Platonic philosophy with belief in the Olympian gods.
	www2.evansville.edu /ECOLEWEB/glossary/plethon.html (239 words)

	Codex B - Its History
		At the Council of Florence Cosimo de Medici met Bessarion and his mentor, Plethon, and was moved by them to back the establishment of a school at Florence for the study and dissemination of neoplatonic philosophy.
		Bessarion spent ten years with him there, and Plethon's reputation and esteem grew until he was asked, at the age of 80, to accompany Bessarion and the Greek delegation, led by Emperor John VIII Palaeologus, to the Council of Florence in 1439.
		Plethon became a judge at Mistra, and Byron states "at Mistra, he was the centre of a secret and exclusive neoplatonic society, and his last years were devoted to the elaboration of a new religion, which he confidently hoped would soon supplant both Christianity and Mahomedanism.
	www.scionofzion.com /codex_B.htm (4470 words)

	RE: Plato / Pleto / Plethon / Plotin and others?
		Plethon died about 1,450 CE Plato died about...
		He taught Plato in the Academy of Florence, and it is said he kept a light burning before a bust of Plato in his room.
		Plethon's biography states; "It was his enthusiasm for Platonism that influenced Cosimo de Medici to found a Platonic Academy at Florence." Hey, what is going on here?
	www.new-tradition.org /forum/showthread.aspx?m=92368 (662 words)

	[No title]
		Plethon was deeply disappointed at Orthodoxy's ascetic tendency.
		Plethon wrote in a famous letter to Manuel Palaeologos "We over whom you reign are of Hellenic race, as our tongue and ancestral education proves." His identification with the classical Greeks extended to the point of referring to God as zeus.
		Plethon accompanied Emperor John Palaeologos and Patriarch Josef to the Council of Florence-Ferrara, convened to examine the possibility of reuniting the Eastern and Western churches.
	www.helleniccomserve.com /mysticalmystras.html (2258 words)

	Plethons Nomoi Ein Beitrag zum Polytheismus in spätbyzantinischer Zeit und seiner Rezeption`in Ein Beitrag zum ...
		Plethons Nomoi Ein Beitrag zum Polytheismus in spätbyzantinischer Zeit und seiner Rezeption`in Ein Beitrag zum Polytheismus in spätbyzantinischer Zeit und seiner Rezeption`inEin Beitrag zum Polytheismus in spätbyzantinischer Zeit und seiner Rezeption`in der islamischen Welt
		Plethon selbst tat sich bei den Verhandlungen mit den Lateinern nicht besonders hervor, zumal er eher eine Beraterfunktion innehatte.
		Plethon kritisierte in den Diskussionen mit den Italienern die Überbewertung des Aristoteles und die Fehlinterpretation der platonischen Ideenlehre, für die er in beiden Fällen den starken Einfluß der arabischen Kommentatoren verantwortlich machte.
	www.revistamirabilia.com /Numeros/Num2/akasoy.html (3815 words)

	Soloquest 5 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you accept Plethon's offer and join him by the campfire, he will become friendly and talk with you a while.
		Plethon is very knowledgeable about the ways of the world, and by listening to what he says you might learn a thing or two.
		In fact, Plethon's wisdom is so great that you can make an experience gain roll in Gloranthan Lore, Animal Lore, Plant Lore, Mineral Lore and (your species) Lore after musing on what he has told you..
	members.ozemail.com.au /~mrmob/soloquest5.htm (368 words)

	Raising Apollonius
		Although the charge of practising occult arts was never formally levelled against Gemistos Plethon, he certainly practised astrology and cannot have been unaware of the magical nature of his own studies.
		Plethon somehow managed to avoid serious catastrophe both in life and after death; buried on the Greek island of Mistra just before its invasion by the Turks, his body was exhumed and carried away to Rimini by one of his most ardent admirers, the Italian warlord and unashamed lover of pagan learning Sigismond Malatesta.
		Plethons remains were finally entombed in the walls of the Tempio Malstestiano, a reconstructed church designed by Leon Battista Alberti as a quasi-pagan temple, and dedicated to Sigismond's mistress Isotta.
	thewytchery-ivil.tripod.com /spiritsofnature/id56.html (4349 words)

	George Gemistos or Plethon
		Gemistos was a fanatical supporter of platonic philosophy, so much so that he changed his name to "Plethon" so that it would be reminiscent of "Plato".
		As a follower of Platonism Plethon influenced the Western scholastic philosophy and the spirit of the Renaissance and humanism, and also dared to criticise and question the Christian dogma as a whole.
		Plethon used to remind to the emperor that "Our language and culture bear witness that we are Greeks".
	members.fortunecity.com /fstav1/people/plethon.html (460 words)

	Apollonius 5
		Plethon would not have been greatly interested in such corrupt textbooks of the wizards art, though he may have been struck by their association with other more laudatory productions.
		This, and the early fragments of such collections as the 'Hymns of Orpheus' and the 'Golden Verses of Pythagoras' were of intense interest to Gemistos Plethon who spent years collecting, collating and excerpting from these texts.
		Indeed, as an advocate of the theurgic cult, Proclus, and his erstwhile disciple Gemistos Plethon, saw the evocation as an assistance to the magician from one whose sight was clear to one enmeshed in matter.
	members.aol.com /liongateinfo/liongateonline2/Apollonius5.htm (581 words)

	MISTRA ESTATES - LADOPOULOS - Extra Virgin Olive Oil - Mistra
		At the close of the fourteenth century Mistra emerged as a cultural capital.
		Not only had it already attracted many of the best artists from Constantinople, but now it became a haven for scholarship." George Gemistos Plethon, a Neoplatonic philosopher who lived most of his life in Mistra had a profound influence on his era, the first half of the 15th century.
		It was in Plethon's honour that Cosimo dei Medici founded the Academy at Florence" Runciman says.
	www.mistraestates.gr /mistra.htm (409 words)

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