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	XI. Splanchnology. 1c. The Pleuræ. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		From the vertebral column the pleura passes to the side of the pericardium, which it covers to a slight extent; it then covers the back part of the root of the lung, from the lower border of which a triangular sheet descends vertically toward the diaphragm.
		The reflection of the left pleura follows at first the ascending part of the sixth costal cartilage, and in the rest of its course is slightly lower than that of the right side.
		—The arteries of the pleura are derived from the intercostal, internal mammary, musculophrenic, thymic, pericardiac, and bronchial vessels.
	www.bartleby.com /107/238.html (951 words)

	pleura - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		PLEURA [pleura], membranous lining of the upper body cavity and covering for the lungs.
		The pleura is a two-layered structure: the parietal pleura lines the walls of the chest cage and covers the upper surface of the diaphragm, and the pulmonary pleura, or visceral layer, tightly covers the surface of the lungs.
		The role of closed pleural needle biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p1/pleura.asp (446 words)

	Pleural cavity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The outer pleura is attached to the chest wall and is known as the Parietal pleura; the inner one is attached to the lung and other visceral tissues and is known as the Visceral pleura.
		During quiet breathing, the cavity normally experiences a negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) which helps adhere the lungs to the chest wall, so that movements of the chest wall during breathing are coupled closely to movements of the lungs.
		The parietal pleura is highly sensitive to pain; the visceral pleura is not.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/pleural_cavity (453 words)

	Laboratory Manual - Thoracic Wall, Pleura, & Pericardium
		Distinguish between parietal and visceral pleura and between parietal and visceral pericardium.
		Observe that the rib cage is lined with a serous membrane, the pleura, which is attached to its inner surface by connective tissue, the endothoracic fascia.
		On the outer surface of the rib cage project and mark the various reflections of the costal pleura at the scapular, mid-axillary and mid-clavicular lines, in relation to overlying ribs and at the sternal border.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/thorax/thorax_wall.html (1830 words)

	pleura - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The pleura are a pair of mesothelial cell sheets which surround the lungs on both sides.
		The visceral and parietal pleura are smooth and secrete a small amount of fluid which occupies the space between them; this space is termed the pleural cavity.
		It is present at negative pressure within a pleural cavity and this encourages the visceral pleura to expand against the natural elasticity of the deeper lung.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-711327685.htm (252 words)

	Physiological Correspondences: the Pleura
		Again, the heart to contract freely and uniformly, must be maintained in the same relative position during all the changes and motions of the body; and still it must not be attached and bound except at the base, where it gives forth the arteries and veins.
		And, further, the lungs must be maintained in their proper position, and not allowed in state of collapse to fall upon the heart or to suffer displacement; and in their place they must be protected from the ribs, and provided with the means of working without frictions, freely and smoothly.
		From the base of the lungs the pleura is reflected upon itself, and forms two membranous bas loosely enclosing again the already encased lungs.
	www.theisticscience.org /books/worcester/pleura.html (600 words)

	Solitary fibrous tumor of pleura
		Solitary fibrous tumor of pleura (formerly called solitary fibrous mesotheliorna) is usually asymptomatic, although on occasion patients present with pain, cough, dyspnea, hypoglycemia-related symptoms, and/or prominent pulmonary osteoarthropathy that rapidly regress when the tumor is removed.This tumor is not associated with asbestosis.
		Tumors arising from the parietal pleura were revealed to be more difficult to resect than those from the visceral pleura because of their size and adhesion to the chest wall requiring extrapleural resection.
		Fourteen tumors arose in the pleura, four in the retroperitoneum, three in the superficial soft tissue and one each in the mediastinum and uterine cervix.
	slpath.s5.com /r01/rtfsp001137.htm (3299 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Pleura
		The pleura is a very thin, transparent membrane that covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest...
		Often it sprouts in the pleura, the tissue layer that covers the lungs and lines the chest cavity, as it has done in the case of Mr.
		Pleura may contain a layer of fat that gives them a thickened appearance, and they may even have blood clinging to them that, if you run your finger over them, will scrape away and does NOT need to be peeled out.
	news.surfwax.com /anatomy/files/Pleura_anatomy.html (702 words)

	Pleura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The pleura that is connected to the chest wall is called the parietal pleura andis highly sensitive to pain.
		The pleura that is connected to the lung and other visceral tissues is called thevisceral pleura, is not sensitive to pain and has a dual blood supply, from the bronchial and pulmonary arteries.
		The pleura and pleural fluid function to preserve a vacuum state that enables breathing.
	www.therfcc.org /pleura-83090.html (238 words)

	Pleural Mesothelioma: Mesothelioma of the Pleura - Malignant Mesothelioma Information
		It is a common misconception that mesothelioma is a type of primary lung cancer; it is not.
		The disease is caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers that settle in the lungs.
		Other types of tumors also grow in the pleura, but these are tumors that start in other parts of the body and are not considered pleural mesothelioma.
	www.allaboutmalignantmesothelioma.com /pleural-mesothelioma.htm (667 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 6, Ch. 80, Pleural Disorders
		The visceral pleura is insensitive; pain results from inflammation of the parietal pleura, which is mainly innervated by intercostal nerves.
		Irritation of posterior and peripheral portions of the diaphragmatic pleura, which are supplied by the lower six intercostal nerves, may cause pain referred to the lower chest wall or abdomen and may simulate intra-abdominal disease.
		Irritation of the central portion of the diaphragmatic pleura, innervated by the phrenic nerves, causes pain referred to the neck and shoulder.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section6/chapter80/80b.jsp (615 words)

	Pneumothorax
		The pleura are membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest, creating a smooth surface for the lungs to move on while breathing.
		Usually the air pressure between the pleura is lower than the pressure inside the lungs.
		Usually the surgery repairs the leaking areas of the lung and firmly attaches the inner layer of pleura to the outer layer.
	www.csmc.edu /6985.html (642 words)

	The role of closed pleural needle biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura chest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura is a disease that requires a biopsy procedure for a definitive diagnosis.
		In this retrospective study of 20 consecutive cases of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura diagnosed between 1980 and 1990, we found that a blind CPNB was diagnostic in five of seven procedures and CT-guided CPNB was diagnostic in five of six procedures.
		Of the 20 cases of malignant mesotheliomas of the pleura, ten were epithelial, four were sarcomatous, and six were mixed.
	www.mesothelioma-content.com /mesothelioma/mesothelioma-chest-page1.html (1137 words)

	* Pleura - (Disease): Definition
		Pleural spaceSpace between the layers of the pleura (membrane lining the lungs and thorax).
		The pleura that covers the lungs is called the visceral pleura.
		Pleurisy means inflammation of the pleura, the membrane that covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest cavity.
	en.mimi.hu /disease/pleura.html (490 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Pleuritogenous
		Pleurisy is swelling and irritation of the pleura.
		The pleura is the smooth, moist double layer of flexible tissue that lines the lungs and the chest wall.
		The pleura that lines the lungs is known as the parietal pleura.
	www.medfriendly.com /pleuritogenous.html (197 words)

	From the Archives of the AFIP: Localized Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura -- Rosado-de-Christenson et al. 23 (3): 759 -- ...
		parietal pleura (Fig 1), and 27 (45%) from the visceral pleura
		Photograph of a cut section of a pedunculated LFTP demonstrates an ovoid lobular mass with a thin pedicle (arrow) by which it was attached to the visceral pleura.
		of the pleura, and a derivation from submesothelial mesenchymal
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/23/3/759 (6802 words)

	Pleurisy explained
		The pleura are irritated by the activity of viruses or bacteria in much the same way as the inside of the nose.
		The pleura are the thin membranes that line the chest wall and envelop the lungs.
		Pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura, which causes the membranes to rub and grate against each other.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Pleurisy_explained?OpenDocument (568 words)

	visceral pleura - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Visceral pleura is the innermost of the two layer of pleural membranes investing the lungs.
		It is deep to the parietal pleura; a thin layer of serous fluid intervenes between the two in the potential space of the pleural cavity.
		The visceral and parietal pleura only merge together as a layer at root of the lung.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/74121277.htm (176 words)

	Cancer of the Pleura Case and Mesothelioma Lung Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pleural mesothelioma is cancer of the pleura, which is the membrane that lines the lungs and the chest cavity.
		Most patients with cancer of the pleura have pain in the lower back or at the side of the chest.
		Photo's of lung cancer can show the difference between cancer of the pleura and pericardial mesothelioma, which is a cancerous growth in the tissues surrounding the heart.
	www.cancer-of-the-pleura.com (250 words)

	pleura
		Pleural plaques are small, flat discs of rubbery material formed on the pleura between the lungs and the ribcage.
		Collapsed lung - the kidney is close to the lung, and the pleura (the space around the lung) may be accidentally opened during surgery.
		The visceral pleura is firmly attached to the surface of the lung.
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/pleura.html (894 words)

	Pleurisy and Pleuritic Pain - Patient UK
		The pleura is a thin membrane with two layers.
		Between the two layers of pleura (the pleural cavity) is a tiny amount of fluid.
		The pain is made worse by breathing-in, or coughing, as this causes the two parts of the inflamed pleura to rub over each other.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/23069037 (490 words)

	NDI Terminology - pleura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The serous membrane investing the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural cavity.
		There are two pleurae, right and left, entirely distinct from each other.
		The pleura is moistened with a serous secretion which facilitates the movements of the lungs in the chest.
	www.ndif.org /Terms/pleura.html (51 words)

	Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of pleura: diagnosis and survival in 92 cases
		Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of pleura: diagnosis and survival in 92 cases.
		Clinical, radiographic, surgical, and pathologic findings and survival in 92 patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) of the pleura who were examined at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1980, were studied retrospectively.
		Radiographic signs especially suggestive of DMM were nodular pleural thickening, irregular thickening of interlobar fissures, a dominant mass, or decreased volume of the affected hemithorax.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cgi-bin/mycite?ExtRef=MEDL/86298121 (171 words)

	The Cancer Council Victoria - Asbestos and lung disease
		The cancer causes cells in the pleura to produce fluid, called a pleural effusion.
		After removing the pleura, the surgeon uses a laser light to find extra cancer cells around the outside of the lungs, and destroys them with the laser.
		The pleura becomes inflamed and the two layers stick together.
	www.cancervic.org.au /cancer1/patients/asbestos/mesothelioma.htm (866 words)

	What is a pleura?
		An inflammation of the pleura, which is the thin, transparent membrane which covers the lungs and lines the inside of the chest walls, is known a pleurisy.
		This occurs when the pleura is irritated by a virus or bacteria that results in inflammation.
		Under normal circumstances there is a thin layer of fluid that separates the two layers of the pleura.
	wiwi.essortment.com /pleurisywhatis_rqtd.htm (609 words)

	eMedicine - Localized Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura : Article by Moulay Meziane, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The CXR appearance is a well-circumscribed, homogeneous, soft-tissue mass that is related closely to the pleura.
		The lesion arises anywhere along the pleura and can even be seen in the pulmonary fissures or along the mediastinal or diaphragm pleura.
		Typically, LFTP appears as a smoothly marginated soft tissue–attenuating mass abutting the pleura, with a round or lobulated contour.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic448.htm (2510 words)

	Medical Tests - Open pleural biopsy - Hartford, Connecticut CT
		The pleura is the membrane lining the chest cavity and covers the lungs.
		A sample is taken from the pleura (lung membrane) under direct observation.
		The procedure is done when no body fluids are in the pleura or when a direct view of the pleura and the lungs is necessary.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /13101.cfm (474 words)

	DAN Divers Alert Network : Pneumothorax & Its Consequences
		The pleura lines the exterior of the lungs and the interior of the chest cavity with a potential space between the two layers.
		We assume a blunt trauma caused the rib fracture and the pneumothorax, but that the broken rib did not penetrate the pleura and lung.
		However, if a chest injury results in penetration of the lung by a broken rib, a gunshot, a knife or a similar mechanism, then the underlying lung tissue is damaged, and scarring of the lung and pleura may increase the risk of pulmonary barotrauma with diving.
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /medical/faq/faq.asp?faqid=43 (539 words)

	Malignant Mesothelioma
		The primary pathologic finding is the marked thickening of the pleura, including involvement of the major fissure; the most pronounced thickening (up to ~2.5 cm) is at the diaphragmatic surface.
		Imaging characteristics include a thickened, irregular mass arising from the pleura that may encase the lung (with associated effusion in 50-75% of cases), visible on radiographs.
		Treatment of stage I disease is comprised of extrapleural pneumonectomy with resection of parietal and mediastinal pleura, lung, ipsilateral pericardium, and hemidiaphragm.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/bwh/hcache/374/full.html (682 words)

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