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Topic: Pliosaur

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	Plesiosaur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the short-necked pliosaurs may have been fast swimmers, the long-necked varieties were built more for maneuverability than for speed.
		The largest pliosaurs, such as Kronosaurus, had jaws 3 m (10 ft) long, and may have reached up to 12â“15 m (40â“50 ft) in length, and weighed more than 10,000 kg (11 tons).
		Pliosaurs had thick, conical teeth, and were the top carnivores of their domain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pliosaur (1956 words)

	Dino-Dispatches No. 1, 11/08/1998, Giant pliosaurs -- real and imaginary
		From the Late Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous, giant pliosaurs were the terrors of the sea.
		A Harvard expedition in 1931-1932 recovered two specimens of large pliosaurs in another region of Queensland: a giant incomplete skeleton, removed in part by dynamiting, from Army Downs, 35 miles north of Richmond, Queensland; and the rostrum (with upper and lower jaws) of a smaller individual from Grampian Valley, 30 miles north of Richmond.
		A pliosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) exhibiting pachyostosis from the Middle Jurassic of England.
	www.dinosauria.com /dispatches/19981108001.html (1599 words)

	The Plesiosaur Directory - Palaeobiology - Feeding and senses
		Possible pliosaur (or large crocodile) bite marks are known from small isolated Kimmeridge Clay marine reptile bones including small plesiosauroid limbs (fig 4) (Martill, 1994), ichthyosaur vertebrae (Martill, 1992) and one specimen of Pliosaurus brachyspondylus contains the remains of a thyreophorean dinosaur (Taylor et al.
		The former is interpreted as feeding on a wide range of prey and forcibly dismembering large prey based on evidence of the osteology and musculature.
		Pliosaurs were top carnivores in their respective foodwebs (Martill, 1992, Martill et al, 1994; Sato and Tanabe, 1998), perhaps only exceeded in ferociosness by large Mosasaurs in Cretaceous ecosystems.
	www.geocities.com /sea_saur/feeding.html (2463 words)

	Cryptozoology.com
		Even if pliosaur didn't have many fat, like Sordes said, there were very compact and bulkier, with a osseous armor on the belly, a very short and thick neck and very massive flippers and head.
		But I think Ichthyosaurs were lesser adapted in catching large prey than pliosaurs and mosasaurs, which were probably able to kill and eat even prey half their own size.
		But in fact there is only one fossil with the remains of a small ichthyosaur, all other fossils had only hooks and beaks of squid in their belly, even fish seemed to lack.
	www.cryptozoology.com /forum/topic_view_thread.php?tid=14&pid=214296 (2357 words)

	Geologie - Palaeontologie
		During the 2001 campaign the original sediment layer bearing the pliosaur was identified and was subsequently exposed during the field 2002 campaign (FR 1314/7-1).
		Another objective is to describe and identify the remnants of four additional pliosaurs from the La Casita Formation and to discuss the palaeobiological, evolutionary and palaeobiogeographical context of the pliosaurs that inhabited the Mexican Sea during Late Jurassic times.
		The Upper Jurassic pliosaurs from Mexico are crucial to understand the early faunistic development of the Interior Seaway that starts to open towards the north and the Proto-Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico in the south and east as well as the evolutionary history of pliosaurs world wide.
	www.naturkundemuseum-karlsruhe.de /SMNK/02-Forsch-I/02-03-Geo-Pal/2-3-2-1/2-3-2-1-Inhalt.html (752 words)

	cars - Plesiosaur
		The largest pliosaurs, such as Kronosaurus, had jaws 3 m (10 ft) long, and may have reached up to 12–15 m (40–50 ft) in length, and weighed more than 10,000 kg (11 tons).
		Isolated vertebrae and teeth from England may belong to specimens up to 20 m (65 ft) long, and weighing perhaps 20,000 kg (22 tons).
		They were the longest, reaching from 13–17 m (42–56 ft) in length, but most of that was neck; they weighed much less than the more massive pliosaurs.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Pliosaur (1748 words)

	8 January 2004: South American Sea Monster Comes to Cambridge University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The pliosaur, on loan from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Bogotá, Colombia, South America, represents an entirely new genus and species of marine reptile, previously unknown to scientists.
		The bones were identified as those of a pliosaur, a marine reptile, that swam in the seas covering Colombia in the Cretaceous Period about 130 million years ago.
		Pliosaurs were the reptilian equivalent of 'killer whales' in Jurassic and Cretaceous oceans, although the animals are not related in any way.
	www.admin.cam.ac.uk /news/press/dpp/2004010802 (744 words)

	Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences \| Research - Colombian Pliosaur
		The remains of a pliosaur from Bogota in Colombia arrived at the Sedgwick Museum's Conservation Facility this week, where they will be the subject of a three year study by visiting scientist Marcela Gomez from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and our resident marine reptile specialist Dr Leslie Noè.
		The bones of the pliosaur were excavated in 1967 outside Bogota and are thought to be an entirely new genus and species, previously unknown to scientists.
		Staff were anxious that the pliosaur had survived its 5500 mile journey intact.
	www.sedgwickmuseum.org /research/pliosaur.html (303 words)

	Cryptozoology.com
		Pliosaur have also very good senses, it's crazy like you underestimate the pliosaur, absolutely insance.
		Comparisons of pliosaurs with other marine creatures showed this animals were built for highest maneuvribility in water.
		About pliosaur: there is only one scientist saying they would weigh 150 tons, the one that BBC relies on, ALL other scientists are VERY sceptical about WEIGHT of that reptile at 25 meters, most of them don't give it even 90 tons.
	www.cryptozoology.com /forum/topic_view_thread.php?tid=14&pid=235330 (1369 words)

	PLIOSAUR PLESIOSAUR SKULL FOSSIL
		Pliosaurs along with their ancestors, plesiosaurs, first emerged in the Early Jurassic Period.
		An immediately obvious difference between pliosaurs and plesiosaurs is the pliosaurs have bodies streamlined for speed and possess a very short neck when compared to the super long necks of the plesiosaurs.
		The body size of the pliosaurs developed into larger sizes than the plesiosaurs making them a formidable enemy to anything that lived in the ocean during their reign.
	www.paleodirect.com /mv1301.htm (255 words)

	Something about Pliosaurs
		Brachauchenius was one of the last of the pliosaurs and made it's final appearance in Kansas during the deposition of the Fairport Chalk Member (middle Turonian) of the Carlile Shale.
		The term 'pliosaur' should not be used as it refers to an ecotype and not a clade.
		O'Keefe, F. The evolution of plesiosaur and pliosaur morphotypes in the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia).
	www.oceansofkansas.com /pliosaur.html (5316 words)

	PLIOSAUR STOMACH CONTENTS
		Among the pliosaurids that are not _Liopleurodon_, _Kronosaurus queenslandicus_ has yielded pieces of turtle shell, bits of fish and parts of the elasmosaurid _Woolungasaurus_.
		Ooops - he confused holes in the palate with eye sockets and did not note the enormous pliosaur tooth marks that occur on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the skull.
		The damage was probably done by a kronosaur - the elasmosaurid skull had been pancaked in the pliosaur's jaws and separated from the rest of the body.
	dml.cmnh.org /1997May/msg00191.html (458 words)

	Bedford Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pliosaurs are very closely related to the long-necked plesiosaurs.
		In the same way that there are many different species of whale today, in the past there were different species of pliosaur.
		The marks have been caused by an attacking pliosaur or by scavenging on the carcass.
	www.bedfordmuseum.org /collections/fossils/pliosaurs.htm (170 words)

	Discovery Channel - Walking with Dinosaurs - Fact Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was a type of pliosaur, or short-necked plesiosaur.
		Pliosaurs are a group of plesiosaurs, one of a type of reptiles that returned to the sea.
		Plesiosaurs appeared in the Early Jurassic period and rapidly split into two major groups: long-necked forms like Cryptoclidus, and short-necked forms, or pliosaurs like Liopleurodon.
	dsc.discovery.com /stories/dinos/bbc/fact_files/sea/liopleurodon.html (261 words)

	Ancient Seas of Manitoba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One group of plesiosaurs, the pliosaurs, had very short necks and large heads, which become relatively larger in the biggest kinds.
		The Australian pliosaur Kronosaurus was about 40 feet in length, of which the skull accounted for 9 feet, the largest head of any known reptile.
		The pliosaurs probably lived as sperm whales do today, diving to hunt larger cephalopods.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /ancientseas/plesiosaurs.htm (535 words)

	Cody Opal - museum.php (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of the many fossil exhibits is "Eric" the pliosaur, a 1.5 metre marine reptile, whose bones have transformed into precious opal over eons of time.
		When Eric died, his body fell to the bottom of the sea view movie and lay in sediment for a very long time.
		Eric was found in 1987 at Coober pedy in South Australia by Joe Vida, an opal miner.
	www.codyopal.com /museum.php?base_nav=1&link=eric (306 words)

	Marine Reptiles (NOT Dinosaurs) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This small pliosaur is known from a near-complete articulated skeleton found near Richmond, Queensland, in 1990.
		One paddle is incomplete distally (towards the end), there is some weathering damage along the underside of the mandibles (lower jaws),and the region of one quadrate (towards the back of the skull) has collapsed, but otherwise the specimen is remarkably complete.
		It may well turn out to be the most complete pliosaur skeleton ever found - certainly it is the most complete fossil vertebrate yet found in Australia.
	www.alphalink.net.au /~dannj/richplio.htm (164 words)

	Museum Laboratory for Geology Students (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Compare these with the Mid Jurassic (about 160 Ma) pliosaur bones and teeth in the lab.
		Pliosaurs and plesiosaurs are both marine reptiles termed plesiosaurians.
		Pyrite is a common diagenetic mineral growing in the pores of fossil bone or even replacing the bone material.
	www.hmag.gla.ac.uk /Neil/labwork/Museumlab.htm (2143 words)

	PLIOSAUR PLESIOSAUR
		Plesiosaurs were one of the first kinds of extinct animal known to science, and were described as early as 1821.
		They were possibly the biggest predators of all time, though remains of these giants are rare and fragmentary, and much research remains to be done.
		Some of the bigger pliosaurs had enormous, dagger-like teeth which were used to attack their smaller relatives.
	www.paleodirect.com /pliopleo1.htm (567 words)

	TONMO.com Forums - A visit to the new Museum in Vernal, Utah
		The small vert, in the string of Pliosaur verts, was found by me about 10 years ago, thats' why it dont fit so well.
		I feel a bit stupid because as the page was loading I thought the pliosaur vertebrae display was a cake, but the small one on the left is way sexy.
		There are quite a few scattered bones found in the Stump Formation, Pliosaurs and Icthyosaurs, but I don't think there has ever been a complete skeleton found, at least not that I know of.
	www.tonmo.com /forums/printthread.php?t=2536 (462 words)

	Louis Marx Kronosaurus
		But for a long time, all we had in the pliosaur department was the Marx incarnation (and its MPC knockoff).
		At first glance the pliosaurs are easily confused with the mosasaurs, but their somatic structures are entirely different, as were their modes of locomotion and maybe their eating mechanisms.
		The typical pliosaur had a much stiffer body, with a maze of overlapping ribs on the ventral side.
	www.rubberdinosaurs.com /marx-krono.htm (901 words)

	Focus: news of interest about creation and evolution
		The bones of a pliosaur which have turned to opal are being placed on permanent display by an opal dealer in Melbourne, Australia.
		The pliosaur, a short-necked extinct marine reptile, was found by a miner at the Andamooka opal fields in South Australia more than 10 years ago.
		It was bought by Melbourne opal dealer Andrew Cody, who says that while most of the opalized pliosaur is a low-grade variety of the mineral, parts of it are high quality crystal opal that would be highly valued as gems anywhere in the world.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs/3025.asp (1161 words)

	Brachauchenius
		In Kansas, these short-necked pliosaurs are relatively rare, but are represented by two excellent specimens, the largest of which is on exhibit at the
		Brachauchenius was one of the last of the pliosaurs and made it's final appearance in Kansas during the deposition of the Fairport Chalk Member (lower Turonian) of the Carlile Shale.
		This skull is about five feet (152 cm) in length along the mid-line, and must have come from a large bodied animal that is estimated to have been about 7 m (22 ft) long.
	www.oceansofkansas.com /Brachauch.html (517 words)

	The Winton Dinosaur Project site, The University of Queensland
		The recognition of the La Casita fossils led to the discovery of the skeleton of what could be the largest marine reptile ever reported — an 18 metre long pliosaur from deposits of a similar age near the north-eastern Mexican town of Aramberri.
		Other research we are conducting includes a reassessment of the palatal anatomy of pliosaurs and the implications this has for the breathing mechanism they employed.
		Comparisons with material referred to Australia's largest pliosaur, Kronosaurus queenslandicus, from the Early Cretaceous of Queensland, are proving central to all these investigations.
	www.uq.edu.au /dinosaurs?page=14144 (165 words)

	YoungBrews: January 2005
		This is the biggest old pliosaur I'd ever seen (maybe it was a Liopleurodon).
		I tell the pliosaur to bite down on the kelp for a while and wait until the pain goes away.
		After a couple miles on down the beach, just before I have to turn inland to my home cave, the pliosaur rushes out of the surf in front of me, and he has a nice big fat blue fin tuna between his front teeth.
	youngbrews.blogspot.com /2005_01_01_youngbrews_archive.html (2481 words)

	THE SANDS HAUNTED
		Both these fossils came from the nodule bed at the base of the lower greensand.
		The triangular cross-section shape of the pliosaur tooth identifies
		Pliosaur teeth from the Oxford Clay have a round cross-section.
	www.woburnsands.co.uk /haunted/thesand.html (330 words)

	Australia's Lost Kingdoms - Queensland Kronosaur
		Description: The Queensland Kronosaur was a giant pliosaur - an enormous swimming reptile that terrorised the open ocean and shallow inland seas 110 million years ago.
		Like other pliosaurs, the Queensland Kronosaur would have used both pairs of limbs to 'fly' underwater.
		It would have hunted and eaten large fish, invertebrates such as giant squid and ammonites, and perhaps even other large reptiles such as plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs.
	www.lostkingdoms.com /facts/factsheet6.htm (137 words)

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