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Topic: Plug nozzle

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Expanding nozzle

Nozzle

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	Axisymmetrical annular plug nozzle - Patent 3940067
		A composite annular nozzle according to claim 8 in which the pyrolytic-graphite is arranged with its a direction substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
		The nozzle design to obtain maximum thrust at a given length was reduced to: (1) selection of the location of the annular gap; (2) determination of inner and outer wall contours in the expansion section; and (3) determination of the flow direction at the throat.
		The rim 16 of the collar engages the shoulder 17 of the shell of the annular nozzle.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3940067.html (2654 words)

	Nozzle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nozzle is generally a pipe or tube of varying diameter, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a liquid or gas.
		Some nozzles are combinations of both—for example, rocket engines and supersonic jet engines use a nozzle that is usually described as a CD nozzle (for convergent-divergent) first narrowing to a "throat" then expanding again into a "bell".
		The shape of the nozzle determines how efficiently the expansion of the exhaust gases is converted into linear motion; in particular this determines the exhaust velocity and therefore the specific impulse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nozzle (343 words)

	Plug nozzle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The plug nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes.
		In a normal nozzle this would result in the ambient air pressure forcing the exhaust in from the walls of the bell, leading to a loss of thrust.
		However in this situation the plug is "closed" by moving it closer to the combustion chamber, and the exhaust is forced out from the plug to the sides of the bell again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plug_nozzle (262 words)

	Plug nozzle
		The plug nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes.
		In a normal nozzle this would result in the ambient air pressure forcing the exhaust in from the walls of the bell, leading to a loss of thrust.
		However in this situation the plug is "closed" by moving it closer to the combustion chamber, and the exhaust is forced out from the plug to the sides of the bell again.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/p/pl/plug_nozzle.html (259 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Aerospike Engine - Rocket Nozzle Shapes
		The conical nozzle was used often in early rocket applications because of its simplicity and ease of construction.
		The annular nozzle, also sometimes known as the plug or "altitude-compensating" nozzle, is the least employed of those discussed due to its greater complexity.
		Before describing the various forms of annular nozzles, it is useful to mention some key differences in design parameters from the conical or bell nozzles.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /design/aerospike/shapes.shtml (508 words)

	Nozzle - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A nozzle is a pipe or tube of varying diameter that is used to direct or modify the flow of a liquid or gas.
		Some nozzles are combinations of both - for example, rocket engines and supersonic jet engines use a nozzle that is usually described as a CD nozzle (for convergent-divergent) first narrowing to a "throat" then expanding again into a "bell".
		The design of an efficient nozzle can drastically affect the efficiency of a rocket engine, and so a number of sophisticated designs have been proposed, such as the expanding nozzle, the aerospike, and the plug nozzle.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /n/no/nozzle.html (205 words)

	Consult von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics
		However, the performance of plug nozzles is much more difficult to evaluate than standard contoured nozzles because the flow field is highly complex and turbulence is largely involved.
		Attention has been focused onto the flow inside the plug nozzle inlet where it is shown that the proposed design produces a high quality flow field at the nozzle throat thus providing optimum working performance.
		To complete the study on plug nozzles and the turbulence modelling of such flows, the complete three-dimensional flow on a clustered plug nozzle is to be computed.
	www.vki.ac.be /research/themes/aeros99/5.html (557 words)

	SSC San Diego's Solid Rocket Booster Nozzle Plug
		Nozzle Plug prototype remotely operated vehicle was designed and built in 1976 by the Naval Undersea Center (now SSC San Diego) to dewater these rocket casings so they could be towed back into port for refurbishment and re-use.
		Once it is determined that the nozzle is clear for docking, the Nozzle Plug is driven into the nozzle until the spring-loaded fenders depress sufficiently to activate the docking sensors.
		The Nozzle Plug remains in place until the SRB is recovered at the refurbishment facility, where the bladder is deflated, the locking arms retracted and the vehicle removed from the nozzle by a forklift.
	www.nosc.mil /robots/undersea/srbnp/srbnp.html (544 words)

	DOUGLAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Bono's "Reusable Orbital Module-Booster & Utility Shuttle" (ROMBUS) concept was based on his patented plug nozzle rocket engine design, which doubles as a heat shield during atmospheric reentry.
		The plug nozzle would be cooled by circulating liquid hydrogen through the same regenerative system used for cooling the engines and base of the vehicle while the engines are operating during ascent.
		During ascent, the plug nozzle provides automatic altitude compensation and therefore good performance at both sea level atmospheric pressure and in space.
	www.abo.fi /~mlindroo/SpaceLVs/Slides/sld008.htm (508 words)

	Windshield Washer Nozzles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The expanding nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes.
		It is a member of the class of ''altitude-compensating nozzles'', and while it is the least technically advanced or advantageous, it appears to be difficult to build as well.
		The expanding nozzle was later abandoned in a cost-cutting phase, and today the SSME suffers a 1/4 drop in performance at low altitude as a result.
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/97/windshield-washer-nozzles.html (1251 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The two position inlet plug controls the combustion process by translating from the first closed position to the second open position during the ascent phase of the missile flight when the speed of the missile passes a threshold level.
		Determination of the conditions necessary to effect shifting of the translating plug in the nozzle inlet opening so as to open or close the opening can be accomplished by a real-time calculation of the on-board computer during flight of the missile, or at the time of launch of the missile.
		The inlet plug 140 is moved forwardly to close the inlet opening, and when the inlet plug reaches its forward most position, the inlet opening is blocked, so that the inlet cavity ordinarily seen at the front of the missile is substantially entirely eliminated.
	www.desertsecrets.com /6,058,846.txt (2722 words)

	Richard Experimental Rocketry Site
		The nozzle mold assembly is slid into the open end of the casing until the scribe mark on the throat bushing is even with the outside surface of the end cap.
		The 5/8" extension rod of the nozzle mold is held in a vise so the nozzle end of the casing is up and the casing rests against the top of the vise's jaws.
		The convergence area of the nozzle is examined with the aid of a flashlight.
	www.nakka-rocketry.net /pvcmot10.html (4564 words)

	Cool Breeze of Key West 'cause you can never be too cool'
		When replacing or exchanging nozzles be sure to attach the spring to the new nozzle and insert the stop onto the spring then slide all back into the nozzle body.
		Nozzle tees should be placed in the 1, 3 and 5 o’clock position on the fan guard (using two 6” tubing ties per nozzle tee) if the fan is placed a minimum of 7-1/2’ above the ground.
		Nozzles may be placed in the 9, 11 and 1 o’clock position if the fan is mounted below 7-1/2’ and the desire is to cool an area slightly above the fan.
	www.coolbreezeofkeywest.com /installation.htm (6221 words)

	Westinghouse Electric Company \| Products & Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Since the nozzles and reactor coolant loop piping are not isolated, work on other loop components (reactor coolant pumps) is precluded during the ten-year ISI effort.
		Westinghouse reactor coolant loop nozzle plugs have been demonstrated in the field under similar situations at BWR plants in their main steam lines (MSLs).
		Reactor vessel nozzle plug design and functioning for PWR plants is based on the successful design used in BWR plants (non-inflatable seals).
	www.westinghousenuclear.com /C2a49.asp (411 words)

	Aero_FAQ
		In a bell nozzle combustion gases flow through a constriction (throat) and then the expansion away from the centerline is contained by the diverging walls of the nozzle up to the exit plane.
		A plug nozzle is a truncated aerospike nozzle.
		The beauty of the aerospike nozzle is that you can truncate it and the thrust which is developed by the base pressure build up almost entirely makes up for the thrust loss due to the decrease in nozzle surface area.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/x-33/aero_faq.htm (2620 words)

	Effects of external stream flow and afterbody variations on the performance of a plug nozzle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The off-design operation of an isentropic plug nozzle designed for a jet pressure ratio of 15 was investigated experimentally at subsonic Mach numbers up to 0.9 and jet pressure ratios up to 5.
		When installed in a cylindrical nacelle with a sharp turn at the nozzle lip, the interaction of the jet and the external stream produced low pressures on the base formed by the high lip angle.
		With a boattail ahead of the plug nozzle, the base pressures were increased and the jet overexpansion significantly reduced.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1956/naca-rm-e56f11a (163 words)

	Plug for Tail Cone - TIME
		To keep the gas from expanding wastefully in all directions as it leaves the nozzle, it is channeled into a tail cone where its pressure is efficiently converted into thrust as it expands (see diagram).
		In the plug nozzle engine, the fuel is burned in a doughnut-shaped combustion chamber.
		With plug nozzle engines, the same control can be achieved by varying the fuel supply of one or more of the combustion chambers.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,871514,00.html (495 words)

	ITT Conoflow Online: Page4b (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In equilibrium, the force exerted by the range spring is balanced by the force from the output pressure acting underneath the diaphragm assembly.
		An unbalanced between the output pressure and the range spring force causes a corresponding reaction in the diaphragm and nozzle assemblies.
		Instead, as the diaphragm seat lifts off of the plug and the nozzle closes, the excess pressure is relieved downstream.
	www.ittconoflow.com /page4b.htm (278 words)

	Patents in Class 60/770
		Variable area throat exhaust nozzle with vectorable sideways shifting of exhaust flow
		Device for displacing to nozzle outlet or eliminating jet separation in rocket engine nozzles, and a nozzle including the device
		Shelf truncated chevron exhaust nozzle for reduction of exhaust noise and infrared (IR) signature
	www.freepatentsonline.com /CCL60-770.html (311 words)

	Spacecraft Propulsion Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The speed ratio of a rocket nozzle is mostly determined by its area expansion ratio—the ratio of the area of the throat to the area at the exit.
		To improve on this, various exotic nozzle designs such as the plug nozzle, stepped nozzles, the expanding nozzle and the aerospike have been proposed, each having some way to adapt to changing ambient air pressure and each allowing the gas to expand further against the nozzle giving extra thrust at higher altitude.
		Regenerative cooling, where the propellant is passed through tubes around the combustion chamber or nozzle, and other techniques such as curtain cooling or film cooling, may also be employed to give essentially unlimited nozzle life.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Spacecraft_propulsion (3444 words)

	Vision Engineer - Convergent-divergent nozzle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Acceleration of a fluid from subsonic to supersonic speeds requires a convergent-divergent nozzle with a throat.
		Conical nozzles are easy to manufacture, but are less efficient than bell-shaped or contour nozzles.
		Plug nozzles do not have an externally enclosed flow passage.
	www.visionengineer.com /aero/nozzle.shtml (126 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site
		Fast Plug is eroded by the exhaust, but this helps to limit the pressure build up which is beneficial with the PVC motors.
		Fast Plug has poor gripping strength to the PVC pipe so a retainer ring is used to secure the nozzle in place.
		When the cartridge is inserted into the casing, the cartridge pushes the RTV along the inside of the casing to form a seal between the casing, the edge of nozzle, and the side of the cartridge.
	members.aol.com /ricbnakk/pvcmot1.html (2812 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site
		The nozzle is made from concrete and is molded inside the body of the motor casing.
		The nozzle mold (Figure 1A) is used to mold a nozzle inside the case.
		The plug is intended to plug the 9/16" hole FROM THE BOTTOM of the stand during the casting process to keep the propellant from flowing through.
	members.aol.com /ricbnakk/pvcmot2.html (4468 words)

	Plug nozzle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Plug nozzle -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The plug nozzle is a type of (A jet engine containing its own propellant and driven by reaction propulsion) rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes.
		It is a member of the class of altitude-compensating nozzles, but unlike the (Click link for more info and facts about aerospike) aerospike, the plug design is considerably more "traditional".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pl/plug_nozzle.htm (287 words)

	Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is something that I have experienced in which there are indications of erosion of the PVC pipe around the nozzle plug.
		In a bench test in which I cast a plug of concrete into a short length of pipe, I was able to break the plug loose with finger pressure.
		One hole is the nozzle and the other end is the touch hole.
	members.aol.com /ricbnakk/pvc_issu.html (856 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion Article, Spacecraftpropulsion Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The reaction mass is then allowed to escape from the rear of the vehicle bypassing through a de Laval nozzle, which dramatically accelerates thereaction mass, converting thermal energy into kinetic energy.
		Rockets emitting gases are limited by the fact that their exhaust temperature cannot be so high that the nozzle and reactionchamber are damaged; most large rockets have elaborate cooling systems to prevent damage to either component.
		For this reason, various exotic nozzle designssuch as the plug nozzle, the expanding nozzle and the aerospike have been proposed,each having some way to adapt to changing ambient air pressure.
	www.anoca.org /rocket/mass/spacecraft_propulsion.html (2644 words)

	Oil Burner Nozzles
		Brass transmits heat fast from the nozzle face to reduce the possibility of varnish and oil residue buildup.
		Delavan's three basic nozzles are the Type A Hollow, the Type B Solid Cone, and the Type W All Purpose Nozzle.
		Delavan has developed a series of nozzles that will directly interchange with AR, R and SS type nozzles.
	www.delavaninc.com /oilburner.htm (205 words)

	PowerMAX Canister Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To reduce the risk of electric shock, this appliance has a polarized plug (one blade is wider than the other).
		There is a blockage in the nozzle, hose, tools, or at the bag opening; remove the blockage.
		When using the power nozzle for carpet and rug cleaning, push the floor surface selector button toward "RUG" (A).
	www.hoover.com /Manuals/powermax/powermaxpg4.htm (321 words)

	Gold Prospecting with the New 49'ers Club - Knocking Out Plug-Ups
		A plug-up is caused when a single rock, or a combination of rocks, lodge in the suction hose or jet which prevents further material from being sucked up.
		For the most part, the rocks to avoid sucking up are those that are just large enough to fit in the nozzle that are sharp and angular, or that are shaped in such a way that if turned sideways, they could possibly lodge in the suction hose or jet.
		The other reason for leaving your suction nozzle so it won’t get blocked by a cobble or boulder, is that when you are probing the jet for the plug-up from the surface, you are paying attention to how much water is flowing through the sluice box.
	www.goldgold.com /plugups.htm (1986 words)

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