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Topic: Plumbat Operation

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	Israel - Plumbat Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A combined Lakam-Mossad operation, codenamed "Plumbat," was undertaken in support of the Israeli nuclear-weapons effort.
		When the freighter reappeared in a Turkish port, the cargo was missing; it had been transferred at sea to an Israeli ship.
		: This book ties together three stories involving Israeli intelligence operations: the clandestine transfer of 200 tons of uranium from Belgium to Israel, the dash of the missile boats out of Cherbourg, and the botched assassination in Norway.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /israel_folder/israelplumbat.html (146 words)

	Dav
		In July 1942, a Soviet request for permission to operate a radio station at the New York Consulate was denied by the State Department.
		In March 1943, a transmitter operating from the Soviet Consulate in San Francisco was identified.
		The operation of the two transmitters ended in October 1943 when newspapers in New York and Los Angeles published a story about illegal radios at the consulates.
	intellit.muskingum.edu /alpha_folder/D_folder/dav.html (544 words)

	Heavy Water Cheaters
		For subsequent sources, there was the "plumbat affair."1 In 1968 Israel skirted nuclear export controls by diverting 200 metric tons (t) of Belgian uranium in barrels marked Plumbat--the Latin word for lead—on the high seas.
		Because the reactors operate at low temperature and pressure, they do not lose much heavy water from leaks—surely less than the 1 per cent per year normally lost by power reactors.
		They will be operating under a policy of selective proliferation—winking at proliferation by friends, or even aiding it, while denouncing it by others.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /pubs/articles/1987/heavywatercheaters.htm (6904 words)

	Negev Nuclear Research Center - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the Israeli government refuses to confirm or deny this publicly, as part of a policy of deliberate ambiguity.
		The Dimona reactor went on-line some time between 1962 and 1964, and with the plutonium produced there, perhaps together with enriched uranium (see Plumbat Operation), the Israel Defence Forces most probably had their first nuclear weapons ready before the Six-Day War.
		Although the Israeli government has always claimed it has been used for peaceful purposes, the United States has flown over the site with U-2 aircraft to sample the air for radioactive by-products.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Negev_Nuclear_Research_Center (600 words)

	[CTRL] Israel's Nuclear Weapons
		In 1960, before the reactor was operating, France, now under the leadership of de Gaulle, reconsidered and decided to suspend the project.
		These supplies were from former French colonies of Gabon, Niger, and the Central Africa Republic.[34] Israel had small amounts of uranium from Negev phosphate mines and had bought some from Argentina and South Africa, but not in the large quantities supplied by the French.
		Through a complicated undercover operation, the Israelis obtained uranium oxide, known as yellow cake, held in a stockpile in Antwerp.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg49290.html (5735 words)

	mparent7777: If America is being blackmailed who is the blackmailer? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The views expressed in this publication are those solely of the author and are not a statement of official policy or position of the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, the U.S. Army, or the USAF Counterproliferation Center.
		For the United Kingdom and France, the Suez operation, launched on October 29, 1956, was a total disaster.
		The smugglers labeled the 560 sealed oil drums “Plumbat,” which means lead, hence “Operation Plumbat.”[35] The West German government may have been involved directly but remained undercover to avoid antagonizing the Soviets or Arabs.[36] Israeli intelligence information on the Nazi past of some West German officials may have provided the motivation.[37]
	mparent7777.livejournal.com /2169018.html (4362 words)

	NucNews - January 8, 2002
		These groups, whether operating in Afghanistan or in Kashmir, have strong backing among the Pakistani people and the government's decision to oppose them is causing a large rift in the population.
		Stufflebeem said the focus of military operations is on locating al Qaeda and Taliban leaders, interrogating prisoners and preparing to move them to a military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
		Both NATO enlargement and Balkans peace operations are the essence of "collective security," a phrase that was anathema on Capitol Hill during the last enlargement debate.
	nucnews.net /nucnews/2002nn/0201nn/020108nn.htm (20577 words)

	Espionage: The Greatest Spy Operations of the 20th Century
		This amazing collection of real-life capers, con games, and subterfuges offers an eye-opening glimpse of the unseen forces behind the most important events of the twentieth century.
		Documenting twenty-eight secret operations, espionage expert Ernest Volkman unravels the mysteries and provides a shrewd assessment of the impact of covert activity on world history.
		This fascinating volume reveals the people, strategies, and plots behind 36 of the world's premiere espionage operations--some never before brought to light, with new details on the more famous.
	www.zooscape.com /cgi-bin/maitred/WhitePulp/isbn0471161578 (477 words)

	PakDef Forums - Nuclear Black Market and IAEA
		Analysts generally discount figures this high, and the consensus is that it was initially operated at 40 MW and was upgraded to 70 MW sometime before 1977.
		Vanunu asserted that gas centrifuges were operating in Machon 8, and that a laser enrichment plant was being operated in Machon 9 (Israel holds a 1973 patent on laser isotopic enrichment).
		The scale of a centrifuge operation would necessarily be limited due to space constraints, and might be focused toward enriching depleted reactor fuel to more efficiently use Israel's uranium supply.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/printthread.php?t=5114&pp=40 (15450 words)

	Israel's Nuclear Weapons
		Six weeks before the Suez Canal operation, Israel felt the time was right to approach France for assistance in building a nuclear reactor.
		Smyth has also been reported to have been involved in a 1972 smuggling operation to obtain solid rocket fuel binder compounds for the Jericho II missile and guidance component hardware.
		The labeling of Prime Minister Begin's “Peace for Galilee” operation as a milchemet brera (“war of choice”) was one of the factors causing it to lose support.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/report/1999/farr.htm (10195 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Israel: Nuclear Chronology
		France, now under the leadership of Charles De Gaulle, terminates nuclear assistance to Israel before the Dimona reactor is operational.
		After several months of negotiations, however, France agrees to proceed with construction on the conditions that Israel announces the project and pledges not to pursue a weapons program.
		Having lost its uranium supply from France, Israel is suspected to have executed Operation Plumbat, a clandestine action carried out by the Mossad.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Israel/Nuclear/3635_5221.html (3163 words)

	Oliver Kamm: Iraq and the record of French diplomacy
		Arrangements subsequently were made for the yellow cake to be shipped by boat to Italy for "special processing." In fact the cargo vessel was secretly owned and operated by Israel's Mossad; and once at sea, protected by Israeli gunboats, it brought the yellow cake to Israel.
		With their Osiraq reactor scheduled to become operational early in 1981, the Iraqis could be expected to move directly into the production of weapons-grade plutonium--and then atomic bombs.
		Second, the Ivory Coast and RDC operations were perfectly legal and backed by the UN, there was no ‘conflict of interest’ here, it is mainly humanitarian operation.
	oliverkamm.typepad.com /blog/2003/10/iraq_and_the_re.html (9523 words)

	Bluejacket Books - Used, Rare and Out-of-Print; - Espionage & Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Basis for work is long lost archives of German Abwehr detailing spy organizations and operations during WW2.
		Naval Intelligence Operations in the Pacific Theater during World War II.
		Directed operations to successfully gain American atomic bomb secrets.
	www.bluejacket.com /books/books_used_espionage-intelligence.html (1289 words)

	Mossad-Nazi connection
		The Plumbat Affair, Davemport, Eddy, Gillman, André Deutsch Ltd, 1978
		Using a West German front company and a high seas transfer from one ship to another in the Mediterranean, they obtained 200 tons of yellow cake.
		The smugglers labeled the 560 sealed oil drums “Plumbat,” which means lead, hence “Operation Plumbat.” [4]
	marcosaba.tripod.com /mossad.html (435 words)

	Last Hurrah Book Shop - Political Assassinations, The Kennedy's, and Conspiracies
		Hidden Japanese gold in the Philippines became fund to bribe political and military leaders, finance covert operations, and manipulate elections.
		This 11-year CIA career man specialized in operations against the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the PLO.
		NF in NF dj.., 238 pgs., Clandestine operations undertaken by Presidents from Washington to the Present...
	www.lasthurrahbookshop.com /conframe.html (7048 words)

	Mossad, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		- Operation Moses, 1984-1985 - Jews--Ethiopia--Migrations - Jewish Refugees--Sudan - Israeli Espionage--Sudan - Ethiopia--Emigration and Immigration - Israel--Emigration and Immigration - Israel.
		A botched assassination attempt by Israeli Mossad agents on Hamas official Khaled Meshal in neighboring Jordan on September 25, 1997, has added to the doubts about Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu's fitness to govern.
		Critics contend that the risk to the delicate relationship with Jordan should have precluded any tought of carrying out an operation on Jordanian soil, but Netanyahu privately cites polls showing support for his decision.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/israel_mossad.htm (1764 words)

	Newsnet14.com
		Israel has rejected international criticism of its military operation in Gaza, saying that its critics had “no clue about the facts on the ground”.
		On Saturday, the United Nations accused Israel of killing innocent Palestinian civilians and causing widespread hardship to the population of Gaza.
		Yitzhak Herzog, the Israeli cabinet secretary, responded on Sunday, saying: “Anybody who calls this operation disproportionate has no clue about the facts on the ground.
	www.newsnet14.com /index.php?cat=4 (2982 words)

	Bharat Rakshak Forum :: View topic - Indian Nuclear Thread - 22
		By bringing multinational control to any operation that enriches uranium or separates plutonium, we can lower the risk of these materials being diverted to weapons.
		A parallel step would be to create a mechanism to ensure a reliable supply of reactor fuel to bona fide users, including a fuel bank under control of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
		Among the known evidence was the purchase of huge quantities of uranium (such as the 1968 Plumbat affair involving a shipment of large quantities of yellowcake diverted from Belgium to Israel).
	forums.bharat-rakshak.com /viewtopic.php?p=229511 (5297 words)

	The Plumbat Affair - Davenport, Elaine, Eddy, Paul, and Gillman, Peter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Plumbat Affair - Davenport, Elaine, Eddy, Paul, and Gillman, Peter
		Davenport, Elaine, Eddy, Paul, and Gillman, Peter The Plumbat Affair
		Philadelphia, PA J. Lippincott Company 1978 First good good The Israeli Secret Service conducted Operation Plumbat in 1968 to provide Israel with nuclear materials.
	www.groundzerobooksltd.com /store/005170.htm (45 words)

	Common Ground Common Sense > Iran and Israel's Nuclear Weapons
		The reactor may have operated an average of between 200 and 300 days annually, and produced approximately 0.9 to 1.0 grams of plutonium for each thermal megawatt day.
		Israel may use between 4 and 5 kilograms of plutonium per weapon [5 kilograms is a conservative estimate, and Vanunu reported that Israeli weapons used 4 kg].
		Based on plausible upper and lower bounds of the operating practices at the reactor, Israel could have thus produced enough plutonium for at least 100 nuclear weapons, but probably not significantly more than 200 weapons.
	www.commongroundcommonsense.org /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t53755.html (15356 words)

	Buzzlife Message Board - Middle East's coming Chernobyl
		The plant’s radioactive material is toxic for all living creatures and the radioactive particles will be suspended in the air for 30 years.
		Construction operations at Dimona started in 1953, when David Ben-Gurion was the Israeli prime minister, with the help of France and the United States.
		The power plant came on stream in December 1963.
	www.buzzlife.com /forums/printthread.php?t=62735 (1337 words)

	Ground Zero Books Ltd. Title Index
		Mission to Moscow: A record of confidential dispatches to the State Department, official and personal correspondence.
		The Japanese at Leyte Gulf: The Sho Operation
		The Santiago Campaign: Reminiscences of the Operations for the Capture of Santiago de Cuba in the Spanish-American War
	www.groundzerobooksltd.com /store (9988 words)

	---Albanien-Kosova-News--- : Politikforum - Forum für politische Diskussion und Information - Politik - Nachrichten - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In March 2002, Federal terrorism investigators descended upon a group of Saudi-backed executives operating out of northern Virginia The government hauled away truckloads of files and computer hard drives from the "SAAR Network," a web of dozens of related companies with interlocking officers, directors, and corporate headquarters
		Rumsfeld noted that Albanian forces are part of the International Security Assistance Force ISAF based in Kabul, Afghanistan "The work that is being done in Afghanistan is important and the participation in the ISAF is something that is valuable and appreciated by the Afghan people," he said
		37 agjenci turistike, hotele, operatorë turistikë nga i gjithë vendi patën rastin të prezantojnë për rreth 300 vizitorë të huaj dhe shqiptarë paketat dhe shërbimet e tyre turistike duke sjellë një mundësi më shumë për të gjithë ata që njohin pak ose aspak natyrën dhe kulturën shqiptare
	www.politikforum.de /forum/archive/22/2004/07/1/60112 (7393 words)

	Newsnet14.com
		I suppose no one would have thought a thing if these kids would have quoted Karl Marx, Che Guevara or some other Red Communist scum… Source>>>
		The Federal Emergency Management Agency also was hoodwinked to pay for season football tickets, a tropical vacation and a sex change operation, the audit found.
		Prison inmates, a supposed victim who used a New Orleans cemetery for a home address and a person who spent 70 days at a Hawaiian hotel all were able to get taxpayer help, according to evidence that gives a newÂ BLACK eye to the nation’s disaster relief agency.
	www.newsnet14.com /?cat=3 (3300 words)

	rare, out of print, antique and used books, maps and prints from Andrew Barnes Booksellers
		The Operation of Motorship Auxillery Machinery Vol 1 : Lamb, John
		The Plots to Rescue the Tsar, The Truth Behind the Disappearance of the Romanovs : McNeal, Shay
		The Plumbat Affair : Davenport, Elaine et al
	www.booksandcollectibles.com.au /dump/Andrew_Barnes_Booksellers/books-0064.html (4388 words)

	Vera Enterprises LLC at antiqbook.com
		018344: CROOK,BRIGADIER GEN'L GEORGE - Resume Operations Against Apache Indians,1882 Tp 1886 with Notes and an Introduction By Barry C. Johnson
		008661: CULBERTSON,JOHN J. Operation Tuscaloosa 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, at an Hoa,1967
		022785: DAVIS,ROBERT H. Deep Diving and Submarine Operations a Manual for Deep Sea Divers and Compressed Air Workers
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/ver/books5000.shtml (9571 words)

	Library Laka Foundation: books on nuclear power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		/26- Report on the Operation of Euratom Safeguards 1989-1990 -Commission of European Communities - 1/92
		/27- Report on the Operation of Euratom Safeguards 1991-1992 -Commission of European Communities - 7/94
		/45- Operations of Euratom Safeguards in 2002 —Report Euro Parliam.
	www.laka.org /bieb/boeken/6-02.html (9433 words)

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