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Topic: Plural of virus

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	Plural of virus - Definition, explanation
		This form of the plural is correct, and used most frequently, both when referring to a biological virus and when referring to a computer virus.
		The plural virii is frequently perceived to be founded on a misunderstanding of Latin plurals such as radii.
		The use of plural forms from many different languages is one convenient way to vary the spelling of words without losing comprehensibility, and even today one attribute associated with hackers is a fondness for choosing unusual plural forms.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/pl/plural_of_virus.php (1039 words)

	English plural Information
		Generally, plurals refer to several species or kinds of animal, while the unmarked plural is used to describe multiple individual animals; one would say the order [classification] of fishes, but five fish in an aquarium.
		Dies is used as the plural for die in the sense of a mould; dice as the plural (and increasingly as the singular) in the sense of a small random number generator.
		The term snob plurals can be applied more generally to uses of forms of pluralization characterized, first, by their departure from the standard English rule of adding -(e)s, and, second, by the likelihood they are being so used to enhance the status of the speaker.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/English_plural (3753 words)

	What's the Plural of `Virus'?
		Trying to find a plural for something that didn't take a plural (possibly because it was not a count but a mass noun), or at least, one for which no plural is classically attested, is a fruitless endeavour.
		The Latin noun virus does not belong to the second declension group but, like the noun fructus, meaning fruit or piece of fruit, belongs to a group of Latin words that is declined according to the fourth declension.
		According to the fourth declension the plural genitive of virus in Latin is viruum and therefore an Index of Viruses is in Latin an Index Viruum.
	www.ofb.net /~jlm/virus.html (2596 words)

	VIRUS-L/comp.virus Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) v2.00
		A file infecting virus that can infect kernel program files is not a kernel virus--this term is reserved for describing viruses that utilize some special feature of kernel files (such as their physical location on disk or a special loading or calling convention).
		In fact, the virus is not a threat at this point since control of the CPU is never passed to the virus code residing in the buffer.
		The third kind of virus simulators are not useful for this purpose--they do not show how computer viruses work, do not show what computer viruses do, and because their virus fragments are not reliably detected as viruses by many good scanners, may give the wrong impression of a scanner's value.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/computer-virus/faq (21794 words)

	Antivirus Glossary
		When the PC boots, the virus program is run and will typically install itself into memory before the operating system is loaded.
		A Macro Virus is a malicious macro that a user may execute inadvertently and that may cause damage or replicate itself.
		This type of virus takes control of the system at a low level by activating between the system hardware and the operating system.
	www.antivirusdownload.org /antivirus-glossary.php (2168 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Plural of virus
		This is the most frequently occurring form of the plural, and refers to both a biological virus and a computer virus.
		Their occurrence can be variously attributed to hypercorrection formed by analogy to Latin plurals such as alumni or false analogy to Latin plurals such as radii; idiosyncratic use as jargon among a group, such as computer hackers; and deliberate word play, such as on BBSs (see, e.g.
		In Latin virus is generally regarded to be a neuter of the second declension, but neuter second declension nouns ending in -us (rather than -um) are so rare that there are no recorded plurals.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Plural_of_virus (811 words)

	Gulfport Information Systems - Help Center
		Extending the analogy, the insertion of a virus into the program is termed as an "infection", and the infected file, or executable code that is not part of a file, is called a "host".
		In common parlance, the term virus is often extended to refer to worms, Trojan horses and other sorts of malware; viruses in the narrow sense of the word are less common than they used to be, compared to other forms of malware.
		In March of 1999, the Melissa virus spread so rapidly that it forced Microsoft and a number of other very large companies to completely turn off their e-mail systems until the virus could be dealt with.
	www.ci.gulfport.ms.us /IT/viruses.htm (1051 words)

	ipedia.com: Computer virus Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In computer security terminology, a virus is a piece of program code that, by analogy with a biological virus, makes copies of itself and spreads by attaching itself to a host, often damaging the host in the process.
		The plural of virus is viruses, not virii, which is sometimes used incorrectly, both knowingly and otherwise.
		Some virus scanners can also warn a user if a file is likely to contain a virus based on the file type; some antivirus vendors also claim the effective use of other types of heuristic analysis.
	www.ipedia.com /computer_virus.html (2314 words)

	Wordwizard Clubhouse - .. vira ?? [viruses -- Forum Admin.] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The next meaning of VIRUS was in the field of pathology a) A morbid principle or poisonous substance produced in the body as the result of some disease, especially one capable of being introduced into other persons or animals by inoculations or otherwise and of developing the same disease in them.
		<1899 “The vaccination in small-pox is an inoculation of the VIRUS of the disease;.
		VIRUS noun: A computer program or section of programming code which is designed to sabotage a computer system by causing itself to be copied into other parts of the system, often destroying data in the process.
	www.wordwizard.com /ch_forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=18102 (1913 words)

	P. L88: LATIN PLURALS WITH THE WRONG DECLENSION
		It is worth noting that the Greek plural of 2d-declenion nouns ending in -os--namely, -oi--became pronounced as -i in the early Second Millenium and is normally written in English as the Romans wrote it--viz.
		The only Classical plurals I would generally use (because it is awkward to add -es to an unstressed final syllable of a singular form ending in -is or -us that is in turn preceded by another unstressed syllable) are those of words like syntheses.
		However, the only acceptable plural for virus and status are, respectively viruses and statuses (there are no viri [in the sense under scrutiny] or stati!).
	www.orlapubs.com /AL/L88.html (554 words)

	understand virus glossary terms
		knows the technical terminology used in virus alerts and descriptions can be confusing to a newcomer.
		A virus, which attaches itself to, or associates itself with, a file.
		A database of various virus signatures; the reference used to compare found strings during the disinfection of a computer.
	www.internet-security-protection-software.com /articles/anti-virus/anti-virus-04.html (2121 words)

	Computer Cleanup : What is a Computer Virus?
		In March 1999, the Melissa virus spread so rapidly that it forced Microsoft and a number of other very large companies to completely turn off their e-mail systems until the virus could be dealt with.
		Instead, the virus loads the replication module into memory when it is executed and ensures that this module is executed each time the operating system is called to perform a certain operation.
		If the virus is encrypted with a different key for each infected file, the only part of the virus that remains constant is the decrypting module, which would (for example) be appended to the end.
	www.cleancomputerhelp.com /what-is-a-computer-virus (5272 words)

	Plural Entertainment
		PLURAL se reserva la facultad de efectuar en cualquier momento y sin necesidad de notificación previa, modificaciones en los mismos e incluso en sus condiciones de acceso.
		PLURAL cumple la legislación vigente en materia de protección de datos, habiendo adoptado los procedimientos administrativos y técnicos necesarios para garantizar la seguridad de los datos personales que recopilamos.
		PLURAL informa al Usuario que podrá darse de baja de este tipo de comunicaciones, siguiendo las instrucciones que aparecen al final de todos nuestro correos electrónicos o comunicándolo por escrito a la dirección de correo electrónico rrhh@pluralentertainment.com.
	www.pluralent.com /pop_up_legal.html (2326 words)

	Uncle Jazzbeau’s Gallimaufrey: brain-damaged Latin plural suffixes
		Well, "Virus" may have been an non-count noun in Latin, but it sure as hell is a countable noun in Modern English, and as such, it will be pluralized.
		Now that we can pluralize it, do we pluralize it as a fully borrowed word, "Viruses" or do we pluralize it as "Vira," the plural that the Latinate form's morphology allowed it to take.
		The point is that most people who try to form a latinate plural for virus opt for virii, and that seems perfectly OK for them.
	www.bisso.com /ujg_archives/000079.html (379 words)

	Helping Hand Computers, Inc. :: Computer Repair, Computer Sales, Network Support, Web Design, Consulting, Training
		An extensive treatment of the pluralization of the word "virus" in English is found in the article Plural of virus.
		Unlike biological viruses, computer viruses do not simply evolve by themselves, except in the cases where copying errors and recombination have led to actual evolution of computer viruses; however, these cases are very rare compared to the rapid generation of new malware by human programmers.
		Some virus scanners can also warn a user if a file is likely to contain a virus based on the file type ; some anti virus vendors also claim the effective use of other types of heuristic analysis.
	www.helpinghandcomputers.com /virus_guide_clearwater.htm (4139 words)

	Computer Virus
		In computer security terminology, a virus is a piece of program code that, like a biological virus, makes copies of itself and spreads by attaching itself to a host, often damaging the host in the process.
		Much bandwidth has been wasted arguing about the difference between a virus and a computer worm; the important thing about both is that they spread, and therefore can cause orders of magnitude more trouble than a direct attack or a typical non-spreading Trojan horse.
		The virus loads itself from the hard disk into memory and making itself memory resident, then loads the original bootsector into memory and then it transfers control to the code in it.
	www.security.teleactivities.net /attacks/virus/computer_virus.html (1857 words)

	languagehat.com: VIRUSES.
		Interesting, though I am of the opinion that because virus is a neuter noun and ends in --us, it therefore differs from other 2nd declension nouns and should be regarded as an irregular 4th declension.
		In fact, virus is a 2nd declension neuter noun that ends in -us (rather than -um) and has a singular genitive in -i.
		'Tis sad that viri is not the plural of virus as I was told that men were the biggest and the most successful infestation that has occurred on this planet.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001179.php (968 words)

	What's the Plural of 'Virus'?
		Virus is not attested in the plural in Latin, and is of a rare form (2
		W. Steam in his manual on botanical Latin (Botanical Latin, Newton Abbey, 2nd ed., 1973) gives what would be the normal plural forms of such a second declension neuter noun: nominative vira, genitive virorum, without, however, indicating his authority for those forms.
		Ammianus, which reads: qui ut coluber copia virus exuberans natorum.
	linuxmafia.com /~rick/faq/plural-of-virus.html (2620 words)

	Dictionary.com
		Besides, viri is the Latin word for 'men' (plural of vir, 'man', the root of English virile).
		There is in fact no written attestation of a Latin plural of virus.
		Virus is a second declension noun ending in -us.
	dictionary.reference.com /help/faq/language/g63.html (151 words)

	Plûrâlitâs Latîna (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The spelling syllabus came from a fifteenth-century edition of Cicero’s Letters to Atticus where it is a misspelling of a form of the word sittybus, which refers to a strip of parchment.
		Neo-Latin, which uses the word to refer to our modern concept of viruses, uses the plural form vira (on the analogy of officia, nominative plural form of officium).
		Their plural forms do not end in -i, but in us: census, hiatus, sinus, fetus, apparatus, habitus, lacus, and arcus.
	www.absoludicrous.net /antares7/latin/plural/index.html (1536 words)

	Dan's Mail Format Site \| Attachments \| Viruses
		The concept of a computer virus was envisioned by computer science researchers long ago, who wrote various academic papers exploring the theoretical possibility of such a program.
		Several notable virus hoaxes went around in the mid '90s, such as the one that claimed that if you got a message with the subject "Good Times", then merely opening it in your mail reader would cause disastrous consequences to your computer.
		In particular, if a message tells you to look for some particular filename on your system and delete the file because it's a virus, it's probably a hoax; several versions of this are going around, and if you follow their instructions you'll actually be deleting a perfectly innocent file that's part of the operating system.
	mailformat.dan.info /attachments/viruses.html (1905 words)

	Revisiting Virus : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation.
		A giant intracellular virus, Mimivirus, survives inside amoebae that can be found in the water of cooling towers.
		Recently it has been shown that cervical cancer is caused at least partly by papillomavirus (which causes papillomas, or warts), representing the first significant evidence in humans for a link between cancer and an infective agent.
		There is current controversy over whether borna virus, previously thought of primarily as the causative agent of neurological disease in horses, could be responsible for psychiatric illness in humans.
	www.llpoh.org /Biology_Update/Virus_.html (2560 words)

	About Virus, AntiViruses and softwares.
		Virus like the human virus has the habit of spreading and that too it is spread by humans like it happens with the human virus.
		First off Jimbo it is not common to use virii as the plural of virus.
		When it comes to spywares use more than one since spywares are not as well defined as a virus one anti spyware prog might not detect a spyware another wld.
	www.techbreak.net /about-virus-antiviruses-and-softwares (1930 words)

	LINGUIST List 15.1540: Latin / English Plural of Virus
		One curious tendency that I noticed was of many to shy away from even claiming that VIRUS would, could, or did have a plural form, as it was completely unattested in the existent literature.
		That being the case, it is natural that the form virus, when borrowed into English, should conform to English rules of pronunication and to English rules of plural formation.
		The most Latin-true educated guess to a plural form might be ''vira'', seeing as the stem is ''vir-'' and neutral plurals are always in -a.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/15/15-1540.html (1849 words)

	Fred Cohen & Associates
		The virus is interesting because of its ability to attach itself to other programs and cause them to become viruses as well.
		The term virus has also been used in conjunction with an augmentation to APL in which the author places a generic call at the beginning of each function which in turn invokes a preprocessor to augment the default APL interpreter [Gunn74].
		In general, detection of a virus is shown to be undecidable both by a-priori and runtime analysis, and without detection, cure is likely to be difficult or impossible.
	www.all.net /books/virus/part1.html (794 words)

	mariefel's Xanga Site
		A computer virus is a self-replicating computer program written to alter the way a computer operates, without the permission or knowledge of the user.
		Though the term is commonly used to refer to a range of malware, a true virus must replicate itself, and must execute itself.
		The later criteria is often met by a virus which replaces existing executable files with a virus-infected copy.
	www.xanga.com /mariefel (375 words)

	The proper plural form for status is... stati? statii? statuses? Thanks.
		Nevertheless, according to Merriam Webster dictionary the plural form is statuses.
		I am also a technical writer and was in the exact same boat - I needed to use the plural form of "status" in an FAQ document describing the different statuses assigned by our product.
		The plural of "virus" in Latin is "virus".
	www.englishforums.com /English/ProperPluralFormStatusStatiStatii-Statuses/jwvp/Post.htm (605 words)

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