Plurality voting system

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Topic: Plurality voting system

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In the News (Thu 23 May 13)

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	Majority-Plurality Systems
		In a First Past the Post system, sometimes known as a plurality single-member district system, the winner is the candidate with the most votes, but not necessarily an absolute majority of the votes (see First Past the Post (FPTP)).
		When this system is used in multi-member districts it becomes the Block Vote (see Block Vote).
		Majoritarian systems, such as the Australian Alternative Vote (see Alternative Vote) and the French Two-Round System (see Two-Round System), try to ensure that the winning candidate receives an absolute majority (i.e.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esd.htm (163 words)

	Plurality Electoral Systems
		The plurality electoral system is the oldest and the most frequently used voting system.
		The process of electoral district delimitation in a plurality system is important because the configuration of districts can affect the partisan, and possibly even the racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic composition of the legislature.
		Plurality electoral systems are most commonly associated with single-member districts and "first past the post" allocation rules.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/bd/bda01a (574 words)

	Alice Doesn't Vote Here Anymore
		When the system is rigged against you, a boycott makes perfect sense (international comparisons demonstrate, to nobody's surprise, that voter turnout is far lower in democracies with plurality voting than in multiparty democracies using proportional representation).
		While elections under the plurality system tend to produce rival moderates exaggerating their differences, elections under the preference voting system would encourage candidates from genuinely different parties to reach out to members of other parties.
		Under plurality voting, even though Republicans are only a slight majority of the electorate, they will get 100 percent of the vote.
	www.motherjones.com /news/feature/1998/03/lind.html (4104 words)

	DUCKPOND: FIRST PAST THE POST
		With the Australian system, called sometimes Alternative Vote, and Run Off Voting it is possible, a point of difference, for a candidate trailling on first preferences to win with other candidates preferences, but this does not happen very often, so on that basis it can be included without single member constituency voting systems.
		None of which is to say that preferential voting in its representative, participative, and policy implications is the same as fair voting or proportional representation.
		Canada is well on the way to electoral reform with developments in Ontario, BC and PEI, and at least a promise by a former Liberal PM to introduce proportional representation.
	ian_westbrook.blogspot.com /2005/10/first-past-post.html (672 words)

	ALTERNATIVE VOTING SYSTEMS
		They are plurality voting (the candidate with the most votes wins) and plurality voting with a runoff (the two candidates with the most votes are paired against each other in a second, or runoff, election; the candidate with the most votes in the runoff election wins).
		A rational voter will vote for a second choice if his or her first choice appears to be a long shot--as indicated, for example, by the polls--but the voter's calculus and its effects on outcomes is not yet well understood for either approval voting or the other procedures discussed herein (Nurmi, l987; Merrill, l988).
		To illustrate this system and the calculation of optimal strategies under it, assume that there is a single minority position favored by one-third of the electorate and a majority position favored by the remaining two-thirds.
	bcn.boulder.co.us /government/approvalvote/altvote.html (6123 words)

	Voting for better voting
		The system would allow the Gore-Nader straddler to approve of both candidates, without fretting about "throwing away a vote." While approval voting tends to reject minority candidates who might win a three-way plurality contest, minority candidates would at least benefit from a more accurate gauge of their support.
		But plurality voting is not the only way to run an election.
		Under today's plurality system, the election would tilt on a (don't say it!) recount of the votes for Lefty and Righty (Centrist would have no more chance than Pat Buchanan in Palm Beach County).
	whyfiles.org /shorties/068voting (996 words)

	single-member-plurality system (SMP)
		The single member plurality voting system (SMP) is the most commonly used voting system in the United States.
		Single-member plurality (SMP) systems are commonly found in countries that have inherited elements of the British parliamentary system; it is this...
		Smith and Stewart analyze the single-member plurality system using a well-known measure of disproportionality...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=single-member-plurality+system+(SMP) (294 words)

	New University Paper
		One major conflict with the single-member district plurality system is that a winner-take-all method of voting discourages third parties because they will remain eternally unable to receive enough votes to win an election.
		With the single-member district plurality system the winner of the state receives all the delegates of that state—even if the candidate only receives the plurality, that is, less than the majority of voters but still the largest amount of votes.
		The answer lies in the system of voting employed by the majority of the United States.
	horus.vcsa.uci.edu /article.php?id=2691 (603 words)

	single-member-plurality system (SMP)
		The single member plurality voting system (SMP) is the most commonly used voting system in the United States.
		Single-member plurality (SMP) systems are commonly found in countries that have inherited elements of the British parliamentary system; it is this...
		Smith and Stewart analyze the single-member plurality system using a well-known measure of disproportionality...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=single-member-plurality+system+(SMP) (294 words)

	Plurality electoral system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this vote, the candidates for the capital are Memphis, Nashville, Chattanooga, and Knoxville.
		Voters are pressured to vote for one of the two candidates they predict are most likely to win, even if they ideally do not want to elect either of them, because a vote for any other candidate will be likely to be wasted and have no impact on the final result.
		This may be especially important to voters who want to vote for individuals based on particular ethical frameworks that are not party aligned, and who do not want their vote to have a "side effect" of electing others they may not approve of.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plurality_voting (3260 words)

	UCSDGuardian - U.S. plurality voting system criticized by SF author
		Under the current voting system, which is familiar to most Americans, the candidate who earns the largest percentage of the vote -- a plurality and not necessarily a majority -- wins the election.
		Arguing that votes in U.S. elections do not entirely affect outcomes, author Steven Hill, during a talk on Feb. 18, advocated modifying the U.S. voting system, both to open more opportunities for third parties and to promote increased voter participation.
		Hill cited Franklin Elementary School in Berkeley, Calif., which uses instant runoff voting to elect its student body president, as proof of the instant runoff voting system's simplicity.
	www.ucsdguardian.org /cgi-bin/print?param=news_2003_02_20_04 (752 words)

	Types of Voting Systems
		Viewing the choice in these "either/or" terms is useful because single-member plurality voting is the predominant system used for legislative elections in this country and proportional representation is usually considered the main alternative to this kind of plurality voting.
		All the voting systems within a particular family tend to produce the same kind of political results and tend to resemble each other in terms of their general political advantages and disadvantages.
		These voting systems are used by most other advanced Western democracies and are designed to ensure that parties are represented proportionally in the legislature.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/types.htm (443 words)

	Instant Runoff Voting
		It is the plurality voting system that is the spoiler, they say, not the candidate.
		The idea would be to keep single-member districts, but use IRV instead of plurality voting to fill the seats in the legislatures.
		Under plurality rules, the Republican wins – even though the majority of voters opposed that candidate and actually voted for candidates on the left.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/polit/damy/articles/irv.htm (1832 words)

	Evaluating Voting Methods
		As well, like Plurality voting, this system rewards voter insincerity, and thus would lead to stratagizing.
		With the Plurality Method, people are unwilling to support an unpopular candidate they greatly prefer, fearing that they will “throw their vote away,” to quote Kang from the Simpsons episode ‘Treehouse of Horror VII’.
		A voting method is a mapping from a set of voter preferences to an election outcome.
	theorem.ca /~mvcorks/code/voting_methods.html (2289 words)

	Plurality electoral system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Plurality electoral system (or first past the post electoral system), is a voting system for single-member districts.
		The first past the post election system is used in the Republic of China on Taiwan for executive offices such as county magistrates, mayors, and the president, but not for legislative seats which used the single non-transferable vote system.
		Changes to the UK system have been proposed, and alternatives were examined by the Jenkins Committee in the late 1990s but no major changes have been implemented.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plurality_voting (3260 words)

	It's the plurality voting system ...
		The post about alternative voting systems was interesting, but the fact remains that we're stuck with the plurality system for this year (and probably a very long time to come).
		Campaign for a better voting system if you wish, but vote for the lesser of two evils or you are voting for the greater of them.
		How many of the people who voted for Nader in Florida in 2000 feel good about what Bush has done to the EPA, to the Kyoto accords, to energy policy, etc. etc.
	www.oreillynet.com /cs/user/view/cs_msg/33146?page=last&x-order=date (258 words)

	3PT - Electoral College Primer
		The winner-take-all system literally means that the candidate team that wins most of the popular votes (the plurality vote winner) in a particular state gets all of the electoral votes in that state, and the loser gets none, even if the loss is by a slim popular-vote margin.
		Because of the aggregation of electoral votes by state, it is possible that a candidate might win the most popular votes but lose in the electoral college voting.
		Makeup and operation of the electoral college itself are tightly defined by the Constitution, but the method of choosing electors is left to the states.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /case/3pt/electoral.html (2177 words)

	Duverger: The Electoral System
		It is also clear that the relationship between electoral and party systems is not a one-way phenomenon; if a one-ballot vote tends toward a two-party system, a two party system also favors the adoption of a single ballot voting system.
		A given electoral regime does not necessarily produce a given party system; it simply exerts an influence in the direction of a particular type of system; it is a force, acting in the midst of other forces, some of which move in an opposite direction.
		The exact role of the electoral system seems, in the last analysis, to be that of an accelerator or that of a brake.
	www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Duverger/Duverger.htm (1502 words)

	Electoral Laws in Emerging Democracies
		Plurality voting's defenders claim their system performs particularly well on this criteria, but, if an ethnic group is sufficiently geographically concentrated, then under a plurality system they may be more advantaged by appealing to divisive ethnic loyalties rather than national political values.
		The study of election results under plurality shows that these fears are by no means groundless, as single party governments are often elected under plurality systems with less than a majority of the popular vote.
		Electoral systems are merely one cog in the intricate wheel of constitutional design mechanisms, however.
	www.fairvote.org /reports/1993/reynolds2.html (1439 words)

	Electoral Systems
		For the purposes of this project, electoral systems are categorised into three broad families: majority-plurality systems, semi-proportional systems and proportional representation systems.
		Finally, for a discussion on the component parts of electoral systems, including frequency of elections, parliamentary size, methods of voting and translation of votes into seats, one should review the materials found in Design Components.
		For examples of how electoral systems were chosen (and changed), in fact, one should examine The Process of Choice.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/es (195 words)

	Glossary
		A semiproportional representation system similar to plurality voting, except voters are limited to casting a number of votes that is less than the number of candidates to be elected.
		A semiproportional voting system in which each voter is alloted a number of votes equal to the number of candidates to be elected.
		Holds for a voting system if when the electorate is divided arbitrarily into two parts and separate elections in each part result in the same alternative being selected, an election of the entire electorate also selects that alternative.
	lorrie.cranor.org /pubs/diss/node1.html (195 words)

	Elections in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Northern Ireland, the single transferable vote system is used, whilst in the whole of Scotland and some of England and Wales the single member plurality system is used.
		The remainder of England and Wales use the multi member plurality system, except for the regional and mayoral elections in London.
		The Independent Commission on the Voting System, headed by Lord Jenkins of Hillhead and known as the Jenkins Commission, was established in December 1997.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom (4074 words)

	Plurality electoral system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If enough voters use this tactic, the first-past-the-post system becomes, effectively, runoff voting - a completely different system - where the first round is held in the court of public opinion.
		The first past the post election system is used in the Republic of China on Taiwan for executive offices such as county magistrates, mayors, and the president, but not for legislative seats which used the single non-transferable vote system.
		Changes to the UK system have been proposed, and alternatives were examined by the Jenkins Committee in the late 1990s but no major changes have been implemented.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Past_the_Post_electoral_system (3315 words)

	CV & D Factsheet I-C-1: Plurality voting sysytems using single-member districts
		The single member plurality voting system (SMP) is the most commonly used voting system in the United States.
		This system commonly works in a series of two elections, in which primaries are held to determine a nominee from each major party, followed by a general election that pits the primary winners against one another.
		Voters in a single member plurality election cast a vote for one candidate.
	www.fairvote.org /factshts/single.htm (837 words)

	American Review of Canadian Studies: Consequences of the unreformed Canadian electoral system (1).@ HighBeam Research
		In a classic article on the electoral system in Canada, Cairns (1968) argued that the single-member plurality electoral system (SMP) for choosing federal Members of Parliament had harmful effects on the party system.
		The mechanics of this electoral system increased the regional distinctiveness of party caucuses beyond what occurs through social cleavages and voting shares.
		Consequences of the unreformed Canadian electoral system (1).
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:111802279&refid=ink_tptd_mag (200 words)

	A system without: The United States
		In a PR system, parties that fail to gain a plurality are not eliminated from government, and are able to moderate policy.
		This pattern makes the process of drafting and voting on legislation less complicated than in other systems, since the majority party will ultimately decide what issues are brought up for a vote and, in a large number of cases, which items are passed by the Congress.
		While the two parties that have constituted the backbone of the American political system seem to be losing their efficacy and appeal to the American voter, winner-take-all rules act to prevent the rise of the viable third party options that many Americans seem to be seeking.
	www.duke.edu /web/poli/classes/proprep/withouttext.htm (694 words)

	International IDEA Electoral System Families
		In a First Past the Post system, sometimes known as a plurality single-member district system, the winner is the candidate with the most votes, but not necessarily an absolute majority of the votes.
		Just over half (114, or 54% of the total) of the independent states and semi-autonomous territories of the world which have direct parliamentary elections use plurality-majority systems; another 75 (35%) use PR-type systems, and the remaining (10%) use semi-PR systems, all bar two of which are Parallel systems.
		But preferential voting can work equally well: the Single Transferable Vote, where voters rank-order candidates in multi-member districts, is another well-established proportional system.
	www.idea.int /esd/systems.cfm (458 words)

	REAL CHOICES/NEW VOICES
		The books shows how our current single-member plurality system is responsible for many of the problems afflicting American elections, including the lack of competitive races, the under-representation of women and minorities, the two-party monopoly, wasted votes, spoiler candidates, gerrymandering, and low voter turnout.
		This voting system is commonly used to elect officials to our local, state, and federal legislatures.
		In this system, officials are elected in large, multimember districts according to the proportion of the vote their party receives.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/polit/damy/OrderDesk/bookhtml.htm (4583 words)

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