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Topic: Pluripotency

Related Topics

Totipotent

Cellular differentiation

Embryonic stem cell research

Stem cell

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell

Transdifferentiation

Mammalian embryogenesis

Invagination

Dermoid cyst

Developmental biology

Gastrula

Mesoderm

Gastrulation

Red blood cell

Blastomere

	Pluripotency Summary
		The cells of the inner cell mass are known as pluripotent.
		Pluripotent stem cells have been isolated by one laboratory from the inner cell mass of human embryos in the blastocyst stage.
		The endoderm is the innermost layer of the embryo.
	www.bookrags.com /Pluripotency (545 words)

	We are interested in understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
		The next group is pluripotent stem cells whose capacity is identical to that of totipotent stem cells except the lack of the function to form placenta*.
		To dissect molecular pathways underlying pluripotency, we have conducted genome-wide gene expression analyses targeting human ESCs, and found that components of major signal transduction pathways including Wnt signaling are specifically enriched in the pluripotent state.
		Nuclear transfer is an emerging technique to produce pluripotent embryonic stem cells from patient’s somatic cells while there are technical obstacles and ethical concerns due to the use of human oocytes.
	www.biochemistry.ucr.edu /faculty/sato.html (863 words)

	Regulatory Networks in Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells.
		Pluripotent cells are first recognized in the ICM of the mouse blastocyst at embryonic day 3.5 (E3.5), and are present as late as in the pre-gastrulating embryo (Fig.
		Pluripotency of ESCs can be judged by their ability to integrate, after transplantation, into the ICM of E3.5 blastocysts and, similar to the ICM, to express alkaline phosphatase, E-cadherin, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA1) and octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4)4 (Table 1).
		When pluripotent stem cells are used instead of oocytes as recipients for nuclear transfer that is mediated by cell—cell fusion, the hybrid cells show a loss of stage- and tissue-specific markers of the somatic-cell parent (gene extinction) and a de novo activation of traits and genes which are characteristic of pluripotent cells.
	www.euchromatin.com /Boiani01.htm (12731 words)

	PCBE: White Paper on Alternative Sources of Pluripotent Stem Cells -- Full Report
		If the resulting pluripotent stem cells turned out to be as good as or better than the current human embryonic stem cell lines (derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, a later stage of embryonic development), prospects for using this approach would improve.
		It remains to be seen whether viable and genetically stable pluripotent stem cells can be derived from these parthenogenetic blastocysts and whether imprinting and other issues related to their parthenogenetic origin might limit their utility in research or potential clinical trials.
		Of course, if the dedifferentiation were pursued beyond (mere) pluripotency to the point of yielding a totipotent cell—in effect, a cloned human zygote—the moral status of such a cell would become a serious issue, as would the permissibility of using it either for reproductive or for research purposes.
	www.bioethics.gov /reports/white_paper/text.html (13216 words)

	BCM - Developmental Biology - Thomas P. Zwaka
		Pluripotency is the potential of a cell to develop into nearly every mature cell type in the body.
		Although several genes essential for maintaining pluripotency have been identified in ES cells, little is known about why some cells are pluripotent while others are restricted in their developmental potential.
		The long-term goal of our laboratory is to develop a greater understanding of ES cell pluripotency in mouse and human ES cells, which offer unlimited materials for investigating the molecular mechanisms of pluripotency.
	www.bcm.edu /db/db_fac-zwaka.html (533 words)

	[No title]
		How pluripotency is maintained in cells is not well understood, and this is the major focus of the lab.
		We have identified a population of pluripotent stem cells in axolotl embryos that later become the primordial germ cells (PGCs), the cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and eggs) later in development.
		Pluripotent cells have the ability to differentiate into any of the thousands of different cell types in the body, and their potential as therapeutic agents is widely recognized.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /biology/contact/academics/johnson/research.phtml (1619 words)

	Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences \| Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine \| Hot Topics
		Pluripotency is assigned to the hESCs based on their ability to develop into cells of all tissues.
		Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the human blastocyst at day 5 to day 8 (Figures 1A and 1B: Figures were drawn by Aripta Patel).
		The pluripotency of the hESC lines grown on autogenic hES-dFs were demonstrated to retain pluripotency in SCID mice.
	www.umdnj.edu /gsbsnweb/stemcell/hot-topics-Autogeneic.htm (717 words)

	[No title]
		Nanog is a newly identified homeodomain gene that functions to sustain the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.
		It is hypothesized that nanog encodes a transcription factor that regulates stem cell pluripotency by switching on or off target genes.
		This unique arrangement of dual transactivators may confer nanog the flexibility and specificity to regulate downstream genes critical for both pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells.
	www.cell-research.com /20036/499.htm (238 words)

	Researchers map protein network that regulates "stemness" - News Room - Children's Hospital Boston
		Orkin noted that although the researchers used mouse embryonic stem cells as their model, the circuitry regulating pluripotency is likely similar in all stem cells.
		As the jumping-off point of their mapping effort, Orkin and his colleagues used a protein called Nanog, which other researchers' experiments had indicated was central to regulation of stem cell pluripotency.
		To confirm that the proteins they had found functioned to maintain stem cell pluripotency, they depleted the levels of several proteins in embryonic cells and observed that the cells then expressed markers of differentiation.
	www.childrenshospital.org /newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P1sublevel259.html (915 words)

	What is the Significance of Recent Pluripotency Research?
		Their initial tests are pretty convincing for a first run out of the gate: The researchers found that four of those factors, known as Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, could lend differentiated fibroblast cells taken from embryonic or adult mice the pluripotency normally reserved for embryonic stem cells.
		They further reported that transplantation of the [induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells)] under the skin of mice resulted in tumors containing a variety of tissues representing the three primary types found in mammalian embryos.
		As I'm sure you're aware, given the widespread coverage, Japanese scientists may have found the keys to turning adult cells into pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
	www.fightaging.org /archives/000938.php (998 words)

	With few factors, adult cells take on character of embryonic stem cells
		The cells--which the researchers designate "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS)--exhibit the physical, growth, and genetic characteristics typical of embryonic stem cells, they reported.
		Those problems could be circumvented if pluripotent cells could be obtained directly from the patients' own cells.
		Cells from other parts of the body can also be "reprogrammed" by transferring their nuclear contents into egg cell precursors called oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem cells, earlier studies showed.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-08/cp-wff080906.php (626 words)

	Affymetrix Microarray Bulletin
		Control of the self-renewing capability and the differentiation pathways of stem cells is necessary for developing regenerative therapies.Lemischka recently presented preliminary work at the annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research detailing his studies using genomic strategies to analyze the regulation of stem cell fate decisions.
		There are two homeodomain proteins, Nanog and Oct4, that are also required to maintain pluripotency in these cells; but LIF and BMP appear to be the only two external cytokine or growth factor signaling pathways required to maintain cells undifferentiated in vitro.
		In fact, in the global pluripotent gene list generated by different groups, many of these transcription factors, and many of the key molecules,that are components of both the FGF signaling and BMP4 signaling pathways show up.
	www.microarraybulletin.com /special/stemcell/art.php?artid=33 (2412 words)

	Representative Christopher H. Smith - (NJ04) - Excerpts from U.S. Rep. Chris Smith’s Floor Statement on the Stem Cell ...
		Speaker, it was just six months ago—in July—on this Floor, that opponents of Roscoe Bartlett’s alternative pluripotenct stem cell legislation, belittled and scoffed that adult and cord blood stem cells were capable of pluripotency—the ability of a stem cell to grow into any cell in the body.
		“Like those from embryos, the AFS cells are pluripotent, or able to transform into fully-grown cells representing each of the three major kinds of tissue found in the body amniotic-fluid stem cells share another unique characteristic with embryonic stem cells: they multiply quickly and are remarkably long-lived.
		Speaker, lost in the hype by proponents of embryo killing stem cell research is the fact that embryonic stem cells have an enormous proclivity to grow into tumors and are likely to trigger an immune response if they are ever transplanted into a human.
	www.house.gov /list/press/nj04_smith/stemcellfloorstatementjan1107.html (1074 words)

	Public Health Genetics Unit : Overexpression of Nanog leads to reprogramming and pluripotency after cell fusion : ...
		Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess the property of pluripotency, and are thus able to develop into any specialised cell of the body.
		However differentiated cells can be returned to a pluripotent state in vitro, via the transfer of their nucleus into an enucleated oocyte or by fusion with a pluripotent stem cell.
		The authors suggest that Nanog may act as a ‘master transcriptional organiser’ that instills pluripotency by triggering a hierarchy of gene expression, it may also act by coordinating the activity of chromatin re-modelling factors, or it might undertake both these activities.
	phgu.org.uk /ecard?link_ID=2529 (1145 words)

	Oct-4 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore, the level of Oct4 expression in mice is vital for regulating pluripotency and early cell differentiation since one of its main function is to keep embryo from differentiating.
		Niwa et al suggested that their findings established a role for Oct3/4 as a master regulator of pluripotency that controls lineage commitment and illustrated the sophistication of critical transcriptional regulators and the consequent importance of quantitative analyses.
		The relationship of Oct-4 to pluripotent stem cells is indicated by its tightly restricted expression to undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oct4 (748 words)

	Reprogramming pluripotency: Factors that allow stem cells to develop into any type of cell
		Researchers have identified key factors that can induce 'pluripotency' in adult stem cells, enabling them to develop into any type of cell in the body.
		All the hybrid cells behaved like embryonic stem cells, and had regained the pluripotent capacity to make many different types of cell, such as heart and gut.
		Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTX034629.html (371 words)

	California Institute for Regenerative Medicine: Questions? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It has been widely appreciated that human embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells are expected to be sources of cells to regenerate or rejuvenate damaged tissues, yet the research work on human embryonic stem cells has been hindered by the difficulties in manipulating their self-renewal versus differentiation properties in vitro.
		This is largely due to lack of understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for maintenance of human embryonic stem cell pluripotency, the ability to duplicate itself and also give rise to other types of cells with specialized functions such as blood cells, neural cells in the brain and skeletal muscle cells.
		Areas of focus are to determine the impact of known protein deficiency on genetic control of hESC pluripotency; to investigate the effect of known protein deficiency on epigenetic control of hESC identity; to elucidate the link of intracellular signals to genetic/epigenetic control of hESC pluripotency; and to isolate/develop reagents that maintain hESC pluripotency.
	www.cirm.ca.gov /publicsummaries/RFA_06-02/summary/RC1-00112-1.html (2302 words)

	Receptor Plays Key Role In Stem Cells' Pluripotency
		The work is the first demonstration of a mechanism by which pluripotency is lost in mammalian embryos, one that operates with nearly the precision of an on/off switch in mouse embryos.
		While GCNF is likely just one cog in a complex cellular machinery that dictates pluripotency among the cells of mouse embryos, Schöler's team believes it is a crucial player: without GCNF, restriction of pluripotency does not occur properly and the embryo eventually dies.
		Embryonic stem cells' scientific appeal lies in their pluripotency: they have not yet determined their ultimate role, so each has the potential to become one of more than 200 tissue types in the body.
	unisci.com /stories/20014/1204015.htm (621 words)

	Stem cells: Everything is possible if we work together - Cell Signaling Update - Signaling Gateway
		The transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG collaborate to regulate stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal.
		Three transcription factors — OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG — are essential for maintaining the pluripotency of human embryonic stem (ES) cells.
		The activated genes include components of the TGFB and WNT signalling pathways, both of which have a role in maintaining pluripotency; the repressed genes include many transcription factors that are important for differentiation.
	www.signaling-gateway.org /update/updates/200511/nrg1740.html (395 words)

	HHMI Bulletin February 2007: A Pluripotent Stew
		The proteins that were "hooked" (green, blue, or yellow) were confirmed by further genetics experiments to be important for stem cell pluripotency.
		By engineering mouse ES cells to express a custom-designed Nanog protein containing a sort of molecular "hook," the researchers anticipated that in retrieving that protein from cell extracts they might also pull along any other proteins with which it is associated.
		Nanog that was retrieved from the cell extracts carried along 17 other proteins, several of which were transcription factors already known or implicated in mediating pluripotency.
	www.hhmi.org /bulletin/feb2007/chronicle/stew.html (573 words)

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