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	Plutarch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His friend Lucius Mestrius Florus, a Roman consul, sponsored Plutarch as a Roman citizen and, according to the 10th century historian George Syncellus, late in life, the Emperor Hadrian appointed him procurator of Achaea - a position that entitled him to wear the vestments and ornaments of a consul himself.
		As he explains in the first paragraph of his Life of Alexander, Plutarch was not concerned with writing histories, as such, but in exploring the influence of character — good or bad — on the lives and destinies of famous men.
		A biography of Plutarch is included in: Free eBook of Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans at Project Gutenberg, 18th century English translation under the editorship of Dryden (further edited by Arthur Hugh Clough).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Plutarch (927 words)

	Plutarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch was the son of Aristobulus, himself a biographer and philosopher.
		Plutarch traveled widely, visiting central Greece, Sparta, Corinth, Patrae (Patras), Sardis, and Alexandria, but he made his normal residence at Chaeronea, where he held the chief magistracy and other municipal posts and directed a school with a wide curriculum in which philosophy, especially ethics, occupied the central place.
		Plutarch’s surviving writings on ethical, religious, physical, political, and literary topics are collectively known as the Moralia, and amount to more than 60 essays cast mainly in the form of dialogues or diatribes.
	www.pantagruelion.com /p/s/10006.html (425 words)

	Plutarch - Crystalinks
		But Plutarch's plan was clearly to publish in successive books biographies of Greek and Roman heroes in pairs, chosen as far as possible for their similarity of character or career, and each followed by a formal comparison.
		Plutarch's Life of Alexander is one of the five surviving tertiary sources about the Macedonian conqueror/king and it includes anecdotes and descriptions of incidents that appear in no other source.
		Plutarch's surviving writings on ethical, religious, physical, political, and literary topics are collectively known as the Moralia, or Ethica, and amount to more than 60 essays cast mainly in the form of dialogues or diatribes.
	www.crystalinks.com /plutarch.html (1947 words)

	Plutarch of Chaeronea
		Plutarch was probably born in 46 in the Boeotian town Chaeronea.
		Because Plutarch was a rich man, he became one of the leading citizens of Chaeronea and he is known to have represented his town on several occasions.
		Plutarch's central theme seems to have been his idea that there was a dualistic opposition between the good an evil principles in the world.
	www.livius.org /pi-pm/plutarch/plutarch.htm (1379 words)

	Plutarch - His Life and Legacy
		By his writings and lectures Plutarch became a celebrity in the Roman empire, yet he continued to reside where he was born, and actively participated in local affairs, even serving as mayor.
		Plutarch's essays and his lectures established him as a leading thinker in the Roman empire's golden age: the reigns of Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian.
		Plutarch's elaborate sentence structure and long digressions, preserved in the Dryden edition, are a challenge to modern young readers of English, who, if they read at all, require a pruned-down text that gets to the point.
	www.e-classics.com /plutarch.htm (1882 words)

	Plutarch. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Although Plutarch displays evident pride in the culture and greatness of the men of Greece, he is nevertheless fair and honest in his treatment of the Romans.
		As a biographer Plutarch is almost peerless, although his facts are not always accurate.
		Plutarch’s quotations (frequent and long) from the old dramatists are often our only record of such writings.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pl/Plutarch.html (316 words)

	Plutarch & the issue of character by Roger Kimball
		In short, Plutarch regarded history as a moral theater whose performances it was his task to recapitulate for the edification of himself and his readers.
		Plutarch had assembled some of the most extraordinary personalities of antiquity, and he endeavored to portray not so much what they did but who they were.
		B.C. —Plutarch knew some of his work) begins his chapter on Alcibiades by noting that “it is agreed by all who have written his biography that he was never excelled either in faults or in virtues.” Immensely rich, he was also widely reckoned the handsomest man of his times.
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/19/dec00/plutarch.htm (4198 words)

	Arts - Literature: Plutarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch's plan in the Lives was to pair a philosophical biography of a famous Roman with one of a Greek who was comparable in some way.
		Throughout the Lives, Plutarch pauses to deliver penetrating observations on human nature as illustrated by his subjects, so it is difficult to classify the Lives as history, biography, or philosophy.
		Plutarch therefore had to rely on old manuscripts, many of which are no longer available.
	www.archaeonia.com /arts/literature/plutarch.htm (1290 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Plutarch (45 CE)
		Plutarch travelled widely in the Mediterranean world until he returned to Boeotia,; becoming a priest at the temple of Apollo at Delphi.
		Plutarch's design in writing the Parallel Lives - for this is the title which he gives them in dedicating Theseus and Romulus to Sosius Senecio - appears to have been the publication, in successive books, of authentic biographies in pairs, taking together a Greek and a Roman.
		But Plutarch must have had access to a great store of books, and his diligence as an historian cannot be questioned, if his accuracy is in some points impeached.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=79 (4078 words)

	PLUTARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch's work was influential in shaping the form and style used by modern biographers and essayists.
		Most of Plutarch's life was spent as a teacher and magistrate in Chaeronea where he lived with his wife Timoxena.
		Plutarch is best known for the work Parallel Lives which is a volume of character studies that compares twenty-three famous Greek men with twenty-three famous Roman men.
	members.tripod.com /~michaelroth/bio140.htm (243 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Plutarch's Lives, Volume I (of 4), by Plutarch, et al
		Without denying that Plutarch is often inaccurate and often diffuse; that his anecdotes are sometimes absurd, and his metaphysical speculations not unfrequently ridiculous, he is nevertheless generally admitted to be one of the most readable authors of antiquity, while all agree that his morality is of the purest and loftiest type.
		Plutarch addressed to Trajan his Book of Apophthegms, or Sayings of Kings and Commanders; but this is all that is satisfactorily ascertained as to the connection between the Emperor and Philosopher.
		Yet Plutarch's narrative is lively and animated; his anecdotes are appropriately introduced and well told; and if his taste is sometimes not the purest, which in his age we could not expect it to be, he makes amends for this by the fulness and vigour of his expression.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/4/0/3/14033/14033-h/14033-h.htm (16913 words)

	Bibliography on Plutarch
		Plutarch considered the work of Thucydides an integrated whole, in terms of its relationship between narrative and speeches, and did not give the speeches special treatment, as if they were authentic representations of the speaker.
		Plutarch, in Pelopidas and Agesilaus, is more careful in his use of official terminology and agrees with the evidence of the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia and a Boiotian inscription of the mid-4th cent., SEG XXV 553.
		Opsomer, Jan 1997 "Favorinus versus Epictetus on the philosophical heritage of Plutarch: A debate on epistemology" in Mossman 1997: 17-40.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/classics/chaironeia/bibliography.html (13386 words)

	The Total Solar Eclipse Described by Plutarch
		Plutarch characteristically illustrates a remarkable real-life phenomenon (that of solar eclipse) by a series of literary allusions.
		Plutarch's many dialogues are usually set in various places in Greece, but sometimes in Rome - the places with which he himself was familiar.
		Plutarch is, however, present at one remove, since not only (of course) is he the author of the whole dialogue but also the 'comrade' (hetairos) of the earlier discussion referred to (921F, 929F) is presumably code for Plutarch himself (Cherniss-Helmbold 15; 48 n.
	www.dur.ac.uk /Classics/histos/1998/stephenson.html (3586 words)

	Plutarch - eBooks - New Releases!
		Plutarch was born during the reign of Claudius, around A.D. 45, at Chaeronea in Boeotia, a town of historic but somewhat faded importance.
		Plutarch's own life may have been centered on his native town, but his writings move easily through centuries of history and across the length and breadth of the Mediterranean world.
		The present translation, originally published in 1683-86 in conjunction with a life of Plutarch by John Dryden, was revised in 1864 by the poet and scholar Arthur Hugh Clough.
	www.ebookmall.com /alpha-authors/Plutarch.htm (572 words)

	Plutarch Bio: The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was sent by his father to Athens to study with the philosopher and mathematician Ammonius from 66 to 67.
		Plutarch was active in politics and traveled to Rome several times as a public servant.
		Plutarch is known to have written 227 works of various sorts.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Intros/Plutarch.php (327 words)

	Plutarch -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		In 66–67, Plutarch studied mathematics and philosophy at Athens under the philosopher Ammonius.
		Plutarch's work, Parallel Lives', is made up of 23 sets of paired biographies.
		Collection of excerpts of translations of Greek texts by Plutarch, Cicero, and Pliny the Elder, which have references to the demise of this mathematician and scientist.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9060464 (744 words)

	Plutarch on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Flattery in Shakespeare's Othello: the relevance of Plutarch and Sir Thomas Elyot.
		Antony and Alexander: imperial politics in Plutarch, Shakespeare, and some modern historical texts.
		The American Plutarch: Jeremy Belknap and the Historian's Dialogue with the Past.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Plutarch.asp (465 words)

	Amazon.com: Plutarch's Lives (Parallel Lives): Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch in his "Lives Of The Noble Grecians And Romans" written around 100 C.E., sheds new light on Greek and Roman history from their Bronze Age beginnings, shrouded in myth, down through Alexander and late Republican Rome.
		Plutarch is the lens that we use today to view the Greco-Roman past; his work has shaped our perceptions of that world for 2,000 years.
		Being a Roman citizen, Plutarch was afforded the opportunity to become an intimate friend to prominent Roman citizens and a member of the literary elite in the court of Emperor Trajan.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674991125?v=glance (864 words)

	Presence of Mind - Plutarch's Exemplary Lives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch said that he wrote biography as a form of moralism, to "arouse the spirit of emulation." But his Lives were also a warning.
		Plutarch was far too intelligent and urbane not to see the crosscurrents of their natures.
		Thus Plutarch is bemused—a little amazed—by the cultural shiftiness of Alcibiades, whose unscrupulous behavior helped stir up the Peleponnesian War: "Alcibiades, whether with good men or with bad, could adapt himself to his company, and equally wear the appearance of virtue or vice.
	www.smithsonianmag.si.edu /smithsonian/issues04/jul04/presence.html (1283 words)

	Context: Plutarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Plutarch was an extremely prolific writerwe know the titles of 227 works by him, of which 128 survive.
		For example, Plutarch pairs a biography of the Greek orator Demosthenes with a biography of the Roman orator Cicero; he pairs Alexander the Great with Julius Caesar, and the (mythical) Roman king Romulus with the (mythical) Athenian king Theseus.
		Christopher W. Blackwell, “Plutarch,” in C. Blackwell, ed., Dêmos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for scholarly publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of April 8, 2003.
	www.stoa.org /projects/demos/author_Plutarch?greekEncoding=UnicodeC (320 words)

	Full text - Plutarch's "Numa Pompilius," ca. 75 C.E.
		Plutarch was a biographer and author whose works strongly influenced the evolution of the essay, the biography, and historical writing in Europe from the 16th to the 19th century.
		His supposed relationship with Pythagoras was known even in the Roman Republic to be chronologically impossible, and the 14 books relating to philosophy and religious (pontifical) law that were uncovered in 181 BC and attributed to him were clearly forgeries.
		Plutarch, "Nuna Pompilius," C.E. Sanctum Library: 8th-7th Century B.C.E. Translated by John Dryden.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/year-text-Plutarch.html (590 words)

	Shakespeare's Sources for Antony and Cleopatra
		Compare the following excerpt from Plutarch with Enobarbus' description of Cleopatra and her pavilion: Note: this particular translation of Plutarch* was written by the master wordsmith, John Dryden.
		She, perceiving that his raillery was broad and gross, and savoured more of the soldier than the courtier, rejoined in the same taste, and fell into it at once, without any sort of reluctance or reserve.
		Plutarch was not concerned with Cleopatra's thoughts or feelings in their own right; they were merely responses to Antony's suffering.
	www.shakespeare-online.com /sources/antonysources.html (482 words)

	Tatum: on Mossman: Plutarch and his Intellectual World
		Blomqvist attempts to isolate the various types of political women whom Plutarch writes; the analysis is, for the most part, highly nuanced, though Blomqvist's proposal that Plotina lurks in the background of Plutarch's portrayal of repugnant women is a startling lapse from her regular sophistication.
		For Fukuyama, the end came with the inexorable triumph of liberal democracy; for Plutarch, with the empire, which was for him the ultimately rational form of government.
		Plutarch, owing to the enormity and range of his writing, is more susceptible than most to an exegesis that involves assembling numerous snippets from various compositions.
	www.dur.ac.uk /Classics/histos/1997/tatum.html (1437 words)

	Plutarch Rotation
		Plutarch was a Greek writer who lived from 46 to 120 AD.
		That is not to say that you can't learn a great deal of history from them; and in fact, Plutarch is one major source of the historical information we do have on many events.
		Later on, the poet Dryden re-translated Plutarch, and in the 1800s that translation was edited by Arthur Hugh Clough.
	www.amblesideonline.org /PlutarchSch.shtml (1268 words)

	PLUTARCH
		Plutarch of Chaeronea (2nd half of the first century A.D.) lived much later than the events he wrote about in this biography, but he clearly had access to many sources which no longer survive in the present day.
		For the most part, he was a philosopher rather than an historian, interested primarily in the characters of his subjects; the name given to a large corpus of his philosphical works, the Moralia, is a further indication of his penchant for considerations of ethics and proper behaviour.
		Plutarch's accuracy on historical matters is a matter of dispute among historians, but he is reasonably reliable.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~vandersp/Courses/texts/plutarch/plutcimo.html (5841 words)

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