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Topic: Pluvial

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	ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ABBASSIAN, SAHARAN, AND NABTAN PLUVIALS: CHRONOLOGIC STATUS OF QUATERNARY ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A series of pluvial and interpluvial episodes have been inferred for the Pleistocene and Holocene of Egypt based on stratigraphic, sedimentologic, geomorphic, and artifactual criteria.
		The Abbassian pluvial is associated with Acheulian artifacts.
		Pluvial conditions of this age are more likely associated with the Saharan.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_42107.htm (370 words)

	endemism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although access to the basin occurred during pluvial periods, the majority of the Pleistocene saw the region isolated from the surrounding regions (Minckley 1969).
		It is suspected that during these pluvial periods, a variety of organisms migrated to the valley habitats.
		With the exception of these pluvial periods, the flora and fauna of the moist basin has been and is currently isolated from the arid regions surrounding the unique desert environment.
	geography.berkeley.edu /PersonalPages/JHoward/endemisc.html (403 words)

	Extent of Pleistocene Lakes in the Western Great Basin
		During the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene, pluvial lakes in the western Great Basin repeatedly rose to levels much higher than those of the well-documented late Pleistocene pluvial lakes, and some presently isolated basins were connected.
		The purpose of this map is to show the differences between the extents of late Pleistocene pluvial lakes and older, larger lakes caused by much higher effective moisture during past glacial-pluvial episodes.
		The extent of older pluvial lakes in unvisited lake basins is unknown.
	geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov /metadata/map-mf/2323/metadata.faq.html (1986 words)

	Pluvial lake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A pluvial lake is a lake which experiences significant increase in depth and extent as a result of increased precipitation and reduced evaporation.
		Several pluvial lakes formed in the western United States during the glaciation of the late Pleistocene epoch, including Lake Bonneville in Utah and Lake Lahontan in Nevada.
		Today, these lakes are much smaller (e.g., the Great Salt Lake) or have become dry playas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pluvial_lake (92 words)

	LATE QUATERNARY PLUVIAL HISTORY OF NEWARK VALLEY, EAST-CENTRAL NEVADA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shorelines are differentiated into two age groups based on analysis of 28 soil profiles, 37 topographic profiles of beach barriers, along with preservation and surficial characteristics.
		The most prominent suite of shorelines reach an elevation of 1845m and are characterized by an A/Bwk/Coxk soil profile and profile development index (PDI) values ranging from 0.01 to 0.16, typically 0.07 to 0.16.
		This suite of shorelines are correlated with a stage 6, Eetza equivalent, pluvial lake.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_46529.htm (487 words)

	Mainzer Geogr. Studien Heft 9. Studien zur jungquartären Reliefentwicklung des südlichen Anti-Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the southern foreland of the Anti-Atlas the fluviatile deposits are less extensive and lesser in amount as well as being mainly cut deeply into the older alluvial deposits and are clearly dependent on the present-day course of the drainage channels.
		Preceding this was a long period of morphodynamic stability and soil formation with relatively thick vegetation which led to the formation of red soils on carbonate rock (terra rossa type) and red to chestnut-brown soils on silicate parent rock.
		Finally the signs of heavy fluviatile dissection are to be found in the transition periods from an arid period to a Pluvial with increasing precipitation and increased run-off.
	www.geo.uni-mainz.de /institut/pub/heft9.html (1035 words)

	Pluvial Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		1) High-latitude deserts of the American S.W. had a pluvial period that was caused by the southward displacement of the jet stream (remember split jet caused by ice sheet at LGM).
		During the LGM there were more than 100 closed basin lakes- only about 10% of which now hold water either permanently or seasonally.
		Despite these problems, lake level fluctuations are potentially the best source of this kind of information for desert regions.
	geography.uoregon.edu /arbd/430-530/10_6.htm (288 words)

	[No title]
		Description: Abstract: During the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene, pluvial lakes in the western Great Basin repeatedly rose to levels much higher than those of the well-documented late Pleistocene pluvial lakes, and some presently isolated basins were connected.
		Purpose: The purpose of this map is to show the differences between the extents of late Pleistocene pluvial lakes and older, larger lakes caused by much higher effective moisture during past glacial-pluvial episodes.
		Completeness_Report: Late Pleistocene lake areas are shown for all pluvial lakes within the map area that extend into Nevada or are part of the Lahontan drainage basin.
	geode.usgs.gov /ftp/nvesp/state_bnd.met (1633 words)

	Thesis Library of Higher Education Commission
		The deposits on the surface reflect the preparation of deep regolith on the Attock-Cherat range, due to the growth of vegetation, in pluvial environment, and its subsequent deposition in the foot of the mountain range, as alluvial fans, in moderately arid to semi-arid climate.
		First, second and fourth pluvial phases seem to be cold and humid, during which, vegetation growth took place on the Attock-Cherat range, and deep regolith was prepared.
		The fine alluvium was deposited by the Kabul River and its tributaries, in the flood plains, during the Holocene.
	www.hec.gov.pk /htmls/thesis/thesis_detail.asp?op=126 (441 words)

	para&proglacial
		Pluvial lakes are ancient lakes of great size that formed in closed basins (like the bolsons of the American Southwest) as a consequence of glacial climates and the surplus of available moisture over evaporation and transpiration.
		One of the largest pluvial lakes to have existed on North America was Pluvial Lake Bonneville.
		In addition to Lake Bonneville, numerous other pluvial lakes were located throughout the Basin and Range region and in Africa and Australia.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~geol445/hyperglac/propara1 (1146 words)

	CPD: South America overview, centres of plant diversity and endemism, Pacific coast
		The Chocó pluvial forest is one of the few places in the world with the over 8000 mm of annual rainfall that categorize true tropical rain forest under the widely used Holdridge system of vegetation classification.
		Holdridge-system wet and moist forests, which are physiognomically (as well as floristically) distinct from pluvial forest, cover most of lowland north-western Colombia north of 7°N, and the north-western part of Ecuador, extending southward as a narrowing strip along the Andean foothills almost to the Peruvian border.
		Even in the Chocó itself there is a mosaic of wet and pluvial forests, with the low coastal cordilleras generally relatively drier and covered by wet forest.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa-vii.htm (3702 words)

	TWOTD is "pluvial" - Got \| Apex? Forums
		He wound up having to have his pluvial tube scoped.
		tuvi'll graduate with honors, while her arch rival pluvial have to repeat a few courses next semester.
		Let's just hope that this "one" was female and was wearing a white T-shirt.
	www.gotapex.com /forums/showthread.php?t=62053 (172 words)

	The twentieth-century pluvial in the western United States
		Here, we investigate the character of this pluvial, which covered a roughly 9-state region and lasted about 13 years.
		Paleoclimatic data used to evaluate the period in a long-term context indicate that the twentieth-century pluvial is an extremely rare event, as previous studies have suggested, even when assessed in the context of a 1186-year reconstruction of regional drought.
		An analysis of twentieth-century climate data, characterizing precipitation seasonality, intensity, and frequency, shows that the pluvial was primarily a result of winter season, heavy to moderately heavy precipitation events, during a handful of extremely wet winters.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2005/2005GL022413.shtml (264 words)

	Atlas: Reconstructing Quaternary pluvial conditions in the Egyptian Western Desert through analyses of fossil-spring ...
		To constrain pluvial climatic conditions, we performed stable-oxygen and carbon-isotope analyses on tufa samples from Dakhleh and Kharga Oases, as well as on gastropods (Melanoides tuberculata) from lacustrine silts at Wadi Midauwara.
		The relatively depleted oxygen-isotope values of the tufas are consistent with rainfall being brought by the westerly circulation pattern to which previous workers attributed significant Pleistocene rainfall events in the Eastern Sahara.
		The absence of Holocene tufas suggests that the conditions of the Holocene and latest Pleistocene pluvial episodes in Kharga were significantly different from conditions during Pleistocene pluvial events.
	atlas-conferences.com /c/a/h/i/65.htm (523 words)

	[No title]
		Paleoecology of marine foraminifera in the pluvial Estancia Valley, central New Mexico.
		Late Pleistocene history of pluvial Lake Mound, Lynn and Terry Counties, Texas.
		Fluctuation in the level of pluvial Lake Lahontan during the last 40,000 years.
	cdiac.esd.ornl.gov /ftp/ndp011/lakelevl/lakelevl.ref (3705 words)

	Egypt: History - The Middle Paleolithic in Egypt
		The Mousterian Pluvial caused the Sahara to bloom like never before, not only in vegetation and wildlife, but also in new human settlements.
		Two new industries emerged during the Mousterian Pluvial, those being the Aterian Industry and the Khormusan Industry.
		Aterian points are characterized by a distinct "tang" or plug on the bottom, which allowed for a more secure fit to the spear shaft.
	interoz.com /egypt/ebph2.htm (889 words)

	CPD: South America, Site SA39, Colombian Pacific Coast Region, Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mangroves; aquatic and marshy communities along rivers and in lentic environments; on riverbanks and beaches, communities on sandy terrain left by rivers; tropical wet and pluvial forests on firm (upland) terrain.
		The lowland pluvial forests are among the world's most dense and species-rich.
		Within zone 3, the greatest diversity of species is in the central pluvial forest at the centre of Chocó Department, in the Atrato River Valley in the vicinity of Quibdó, which receives 7200-7600 mm of rain annually.
	nmnhgoph.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa39.htm (4044 words)

	Yucca Mountain and the Nuclear-Waste Problem in the United States
		P-IP cycles are somewhat out-of-phase with G-IG cycles, with pluvial maxima tending to precede significant ice buildup on continents, and to decline before glacial maxima.
		A huge increase in precipitation (a pluvial episode) is due to begin within the next several thousand years in the Yucca Mountain region.
		The next pluvial episode, lasting thousands of years, is destined to begin within a few centuries.
	www.morrisonclan.net /Roger_US_Nuclear_Waste.html (5973 words)

	The Overthrow of the Cities of the Plain
		In his later work he advanced the age of the rift to the pluvial, or the beginning of the first glacial age.
		The origin of the Dead Sea occurred “in a great mountain movement, with collapse and dislocation, that took place at the beginning of the pluvial, in the first glacial period.
		In a new pluvial period, the second glacial epoch, the lake reached its greatest dimensions: the Dead Sea spread to the northern side of the present Sea of Galilee, engulfing it together with the Jordan Valley between.
	www.varchive.org /itb/overthrow.htm (827 words)

	Searching Dataset GLOBAL
		Danos en plantas de un sotobosque tropical premontano pluvial, Costa Rica.
		The benthic community of an intertidal mud flat in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica: description of the community.
		Spatial distribution and population size of a bat community in a tunnel at Caldera, Costa Rica.
	www.ots.ac.cr /rdmcnfs/datasets/exsrch.phtml?ds=global&qbe=23407 (3750 words)

	Glaciers
		Proglacial lakes form at the glacial front and grow as glaciers retreat.
		Although ice ages are characterized by dry global climate, many places with otherwise dry climates (e.g., the Basin and Range) were unusually wet during this period, and formed gigantic lakes.
		Note that unlike proglacial lakes, pluvial lakes form far from glacial ice sheets.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~tomascak/solar/0626t.htm (695 words)

	Egypt Definition: Pluvial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A long age of steady and seasonal rainfall.
		The Sahara Desert has been subject to a number of pluvial eras in its history, the last one ending around 30,000 to 40,000 years ago.
		The cycle of pluvials in various desert sites around the world have been positively linked to the cycle of ice ages.
	www.touregypt.net /pluvial.htm (69 words)

	Blackwater Draw Bibliography
		The Occurrence of Flints and Extinct Animals in Pluvial Deposits near Clovis, New Mexico, Part VII: Pleistocene Mollusks from the Clovis Gravel Pit and Vicinity.
		Cotter, John L. The Occurrence of Flints and Extinct Animals in Pluvial Deposits near Clovis, New Mexico, Part IV,---Report on the Excavations at the Gravel Pit in 1936.
		Patrick, R. The Occurrence of Flints and Extinct Animals in Pluvial Deposits near Clovis, New Mexico.
	www.enmu.edu /academics/excellence/museums/blackwater-draw/site/bibliography.shtml (2800 words)

	CPD: Middle America, Site MA20, Darién Province and Darién National Park, Panama
		Tropical lowland dry, moist and wet forests, perhaps 500-year-old secondary rain forest; tropical premontane moist (warm transition), wet and pluvial forests; lower montane pluvial forest.
		Marshes and swamps, tall non-flooding forests, cloud and elfin forests.
		At higher elevations occurs premontane pluvial forest and on the highest peaks and ridges lower montane pluvial forest; these life zones cover c.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/ma/ma20.htm (4199 words)

	LATE QUATERNARY PALEOHYDROLOGY OF A LINKED PLUVIAL-LAKE AND ANCESTRAL RIO GRANDE SYSTEM, PASO DEL NORTE REGION, ...
		The entrenched Rio Grande/Bravo fluvial system formed the regional discharge zone or sink for large amounts of surface and subsurface flow during much of the Middle and Late Quaternary.
		The Mesilla and El Paso/Juárez Valleys of the Rio Grande/Bravo (1090-1175m) bisect the floors of the Los Muertos-Guzman-Santa Maria and Tularosa-Hueco bolson complexes (1175-1210m), which are the sites of the region’s two largest pluvial lakes, Palomas (Chihuahua) and Otero (NM).
		Linked closed basins with smaller pluvial lakes include the Playas-Basilio and Hachita-Moscos basins that drain to the Rio Casas Grandes Valley of northwestern Chihuahua.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/inqu/finalprogram/abstract_53408.htm (451 words)

	Great Basin Archaic Life and Environments
		The Great Salt Lake was so high that it was united with Utah Lake (near Provo), now far separated by dry land, and it overflowed through Red Rock Pass northward into the Snake River.
		While the general tendency, throughout the coming years, was toward warmer and drier climates, there were radical swings toward heavy precipitation (pluvials) countered by equally radical swings toward driness.
		Indeed, in a simplistic model, the last 12,000 years has been rather like a pendulum, beginning with cold moist weather, moving to hot dry weather, and then "ending up" with a moderate climate, as known today.
	www4.hmc.edu:8001 /humanities/basin/gb-envir.htm (1896 words)

	Find in a Library: Geology of pluvial Lake Chewaucan, Lake County, Oregon
		Geology of pluvial Lake Chewaucan, Lake County, Oregon
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	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/e1622889488893e2.html (49 words)

	EROS Data Center International Program Archived Special Feature
		COMMENTS: Although an essentially lowland community, the Carapa guianensis rain forest can also occur in a submontane situation, wherever annual precipitation exceeds 2,500 mm of evenly distributed rain throughout the year.
		SYNONYMY: Manacales (León 1946), in part; Pluvisilva submontana (Areces-Mallea 1978); Bosque pluvial de llanura (Capote and Berazaín 1984); Bosque pluvial de baja altitud (Capote et al.
		1979), in part; Bosque pluvial montano (Capote and Berazaín 1984; Capote et al.
	edcintl.cr.usgs.gov /tnc/products/report/append1.html (11848 words)

	A Stepwise Procedure to Design Pluvial Drainage Systems in Agricultural Zones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A Stepwise Procedure to Design Pluvial Drainage Systems in Agricultural Zones
		Volume 31, Number 2, April 1995, pages 199-206
		Surface drainage, Agricultural engineering, Drainage systems, Erosion, Storage capacity, Channel storage, Unsteady flow, Saint Venant equations
	www.awra.org /jawra/papers/J94011.html (46 words)

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