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Topic: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

	Pneumococcal 7-valent vaccine Information on Healthline
		Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) exposes the individual to a small dose of the bacteria (or a protein from the bacteria) and causes the body to develop immunity to the disease.
		PPV (pediatric, 7-valent) is recommended for infants and children up to 9 years of age to reduce the risk of infection from pneumococcal bacteria.
		Vaccination with PPV may require one to three doses of the vaccine, given at specific intervals based on the age of the child.
	www.healthline.com /multumcontent/pneumococcal-7-valent-vaccine (880 words)

	Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine - Health Centers - WFTV.com \| WFTV
		Pneumococcal is an inactivated-bacteria vaccine, which means it uses inactive bacteria to teach the immune system to recognize and fight active bacteria, if it is ever detected.
		As is the case with any drug or vaccine, there is a small chance of allergic reactions, more serious reactions, or even death after receiving the pneumococcal vaccine.
		Talk to your doctor before receiving the pneumococcal vaccine if you have fever or illness that is more serious than a cold or if there is a chance you might be pregnant.
	www.wftv.com /encyclopedia/6862671/detail.html (625 words)

	Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine - Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Pneumococcal is an inactivated-bacteria vaccine, which means it uses inactive bacteria to teach the immune system to recognize and fight the causative agent if it is ever encountered.
		There is a different vaccine, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is routinely given to younger children to protect against disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
		As is the case with any drug or vaccine, there is a remote possibility that allergic reactions, more serious reactions, or even death may occur after receiving the pneumococcal vaccine.
	www.enh.org /HealthAndWellness/Encyclopedia/ency/article/002029.aspx (478 words)

	Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine - Health Centers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Pneumococcal is an inactivated-bacteria vaccine, which means it uses inactive bacteria to teach the immune system to recognize and fight active bacteria, if it is ever detected.
		As is the case with any drug or vaccine, there is a small chance of allergic reactions, more serious reactions, or even death after receiving the pneumococcal vaccine.
		Talk to your doctor before receiving the pneumococcal vaccine if you have a fever or an illness that is more serious than a cold or if there is a chance you might be pregnant.
	www.thedenverchannel.com /encyclopedia/6862671/detail.html (741 words)

	AEGiS-MMWR: Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ...
		Pneumococcal vaccine may be administered at the same time as influenza vaccine (by separate injection in the other arm) without an increase in side effects or decreased antibody response to either vaccine (62,84).
		Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in young adults and older bronchitics: determination of IgG responses by ELISA and the effect of adsorption of serum with non-type-specific cell wall polysaccharide.
		Inefficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/MMWR/1997/RR4608-1.html (9105 words)

	Pneumococcal vaccines
		The currently licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has been shown to protect adults and children under two years of age against invasive pneumococcal infection, and its use is recommended for adults and children at high risk of pneumococcal disease.
		Pneumococcal disease leads to a wide range of important human pathologies, from common upper respiratory tract infections to severe invasive manifestations such as pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia, and is a major public health problem all over the world.
		Conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are now undergoing clinical trials in various parts of the world, and the first phase III trial in the United States with one of these vaccines showed a high degree of efficacy against invasive pneumococcal disease (defined as blood or CSF culture-positive cases).
	www.who.int /vaccines/en/pneumococcus.shtml (2619 words)

	Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease: Recommendations of the ...
		Pneumococcal vaccine may be administered at the same time as influenza vaccine (by separate injection in the other arm) without an increase in side effects or decreased antibody response to either vaccine (62,84).
		Inefficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in a high-risk population.
		Immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants.
	wonder.cdc.gov /wonder/prevguid/m0047135/m0047135.asp (8837 words)

	Pneumococcal Vaccine: Vaccinate! Revaccinate??
		In 1977, 14 valent vaccine was developed and by 1983 this was modified to 23 valent vaccine.
		In this case, due to his age (over 65), pneumococcal vaccination is indicated.
		By CDC guidelines, revaccination is not indicated as the patient was vaccinated after age 65.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /gec/series/pneumococcal_vaccination.html (1037 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Are the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines effective? Meta-analysis of the prospective ...
		Vaccination did not reduce the incidence of pneumonia of all causes, bronchitis, mortality due to pneumonia or pneumococcal infection, or mortality of all causes.
		Even if the vaccine were effective, vaccinating millions of people in the UK in the hope of preventing perhaps 60% of the 7 cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia/100,000 [32] persons is of dubious value.
		Vaccination routinely causes discomfort at the injection site for a few days, and in perhaps 5-10% of patients this may be sufficient to interfere with daily activities [40].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2296/1/1 (4267 words)

	University Health Services, University of Cincinnati
		Pneumococcal disease is a serious disease that causes much sickness and death.
		Pneumococcal disease can lead to serious infections of the lungs (pneumonia), the blood (bacteremia), and the covering of the brain (meningitis).
		There is no evidence that the vaccine is harmful to either the mother or fetus, but pregnant women should consult with their health care provider before getting vaccinated.
	www.uc.edu /uhs/pneumococcal_polysaccharider_vaccine.html (655 words)

	NNii. Vaccine Information
		Serious pneumococcal infections are most common in infants, toddlers, and the elderly.Each year in the United States among children younger than five years of age, pneumococcal disease accounts for at least 1,400 cases of meningitis; 17,000 cases of bacteremia; 71,000 cases of pneumonia; and 5 to 7 million middle ear infections.
		Because polysaccharide vaccines are not effective in children younger than two to three years of age, a conjugate vaccine was developed.
		Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM 197 among infants with sickle cell disease.
	www.immunizationinfo.org /vaccineInfo/vaccine_detail.cfv?id=9 (1583 words)

	Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care - Public Information - Publications - Immunization - Pneumococcal Vaccine ...
		This type of vaccine (polysaccharide) is only effective in people two years of age and older, and should not be given to children under two years of age.
		A different type of pneumococcal vaccine (conjugate) is effective in children under two years of age.
		The polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is not recommended for children under two years of age.
	www.health.gov.on.ca /english/public/pub/immun/pnem.html (721 words)

	NEJM -- The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
		To assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against invasive pneumococcal infections, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in adults with a condition recognized to be an indication for receiving the vaccine.
		The vaccine was not efficacious against infections caused by serotypes not represented in the vaccine (protective efficacy, -73 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -263 percent to 18 percent; P = 0.15).
		Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine is efficacious in preventing invasive pneumococcal infections in immunocompetent patients with indications for its administration.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/325/21/1453 (2217 words)

	PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE: TO VACCINATE OR TO REVACCINATE - THAT IS THE QUESTION Medicine and Health Rhode Island - Find ...
		The conjugate vaccine is indicated primarily for use in patients under the age of two.
		Initially, the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was licensed in 1977 in a formulation that contained fourteen capsular antigens, but was replaced in 1983 by the current 23-valency formulation.
		Ideally, the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine stimulates the immune system through a T-lymphocyte independent process to produce antibodies against the antigenic capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae?A The T-cell independent nature of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is important, because it does not lead to the development of memory B-cells andT-cells.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4100/is_200403/ai_n9405669 (523 words)

	Pneumococcal Vaccine New Opportunities for Disease Prevention
		Persons at highest risk of fatal pneumococcal infection, such as those with abnormal function or removal of the spleen who received the original pneumococcal vaccine (between 1977 and 1983), or who received the current vaccine (available from 1983 to the present) 6 or more years ago.
		All adults aged 55 years and older and adults of all ages with previous pneumococcal infections or with long-term illnesses that are associated with a high risk of getting pneumococcal disease, including those with heart or lung diseases, diabetes, alcoholism, cirrhosis, or leaks of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
		Pneumococcal vaccine should be offered to all those receiving influenza vaccine, which can be given simultaneously at a different site.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1990_17.htm (816 words)

	Ask the Experts: Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23)
		Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for all adults who are age 65 years and older.
		The vaccine is not indicated for patients having recurrent acute upper respiratory tract infections, such as otitis media and sinusitis.
		A one-time revaccination should be considered for adults at highest risk for serious pneumococcal infection and persons likely to have a rapid decline in antibody levels, provided at least five years have passed since receipt of the first dose of pneumococcal vaccine.
	www.immunize.org /catg.d/p2021o.htm (1925 words)

	Pnuemococcal Infection: Polysaccharide Vaccine - BC HealthFile #62b (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for and provided free to people who are at high risk of getting serious infections.
		Vaccine side effects are usually mild and include slight fever, or soreness or redness where the needle was given.
		Influenza vaccine is recommended for people at high risk of getting influenza and pneumococcal infections, and for people who already get pneumococcal vaccine.
	www.bchealthguide.org /healthfiles/hfile62b.stm (683 words)

	Pneumococcal Vaccine Questions and Answers
		In 1983, an improved pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was licensed, containing purified protein from 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria (the old formulation contained 14 types).
		The PPV vaccine is licensed for use in adults and persons with certain risk factors who are over two years of age.
		The safety of PPV vaccine for pregnant women has not been studied, so currently it is not recommended for healthy pregnant women.
	www.vaccineinformation.org /pneumchild/qandavax.asp (1261 words)

	Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: *What Parents Need to Know* - KidsGrowth
		The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) protects against 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria.Most healthy adults who get the vaccine develop protection to most or all of these types within 2 to 3 weeks of getting the shot.
		PPV may be less effective in some people, especially those with lower resistance to infection.
		There is no evidence that the vaccine is harmful to either the mother or the fetus, but pregnant women should consult with their doctor before being vaccinated.
	www.kidsgrowth.com /resources/articledetail.cfm?id=2205 (837 words)

	Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV7) - Minnesota Dept. of Health
		Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7), also called Prevnar, protects against the 7 most common types of pneumonia, which account for 80% of pneumococcal disease in young children.
		The vaccine is particularly recommended for high risk children, those with sickle cell disease, no or poorly functioning spleen; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other illnesses that weaken the immune system; have a basilar skull fracture, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implants.
		Children 2 to 5 years old who are at high risk for pneumococcal meningitis, pneumonia, or blood infection should get the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide PPV Vaccine.
	www.health.state.mn.us /divs/idepc/diseases/pneumococcal/pcv7.html (239 words)

	Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Summary
		Pneumococcal pneumonia is a disease that has a high rate of hospital transmission, putting hospital patients at greater risk.
		This vaccination is generally recommended for people with a high likelihood of developing pneumococcal infection or for those in whom a serious complication of infection is likely to develop.
		Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections such as pneumonia and septicaemia.
	www.bookrags.com /Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine (1166 words)

	Adult Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines FAQ
		Pneumococcal pneumonia accounts for 25%-35% of all pneumonias leading to hospitalization; resulting in 7,000 to 13,000 deaths per year in the United States.
		The vaccine is also recommended for people older than 2 years who have a long-term health problem such as heart disease, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, lung disease, diabetes, cirrhosis, or leaks of cerebrospinal fluid.
		Usually one dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is all that is needed.
	www.valdosta.edu /~kjtillma/article5.htm (641 words)

	Pneumococcal vaccine update
		There is no evidence from systematic reviews of randomised trials that polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines have any effect in patients in the high-risk or elderly whom it is used.
		In these groups, pneumococcal vaccines were effective, and, because the trials were large, they have the potential to influence our thinking.
		New conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are on their way to replace the polysaccharide vaccines predominating now.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /Bandolier/booth/Vaccines/pneumup.html (1062 words)

	Dr. Koop - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
		As is the case with any drug or vaccine, there is a remote possibility that allergic reactions, more serious reactions, or even death may occur after receiving the pneumococcal vaccine.
		Pneumococcal vaccine should be withheld or given to the following people only after consultation with their primary health care provider:
		uncertain if the pneumococcal vaccine should be delayed, withheld, or given to a specific person.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/002029_2.html (360 words)

	Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Pneumococcal is an inactivated-bacteria vaccine, which means it uses inactive bacteria to teach the immune system to recognize and fight the causative agent if it is ever encountered.
		Pneumococcal pneumonia accounts for 10 to 25% of all pneumonias.
		This immunization is not effective against pneumococcal diseases in children under 2 years.
	www.shands.org /health/information/002029.htm (450 words)

	Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), also known as Pneumovax, is a vaccine used to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections such as pneumonia and septicaemia.
		In the United Kingdom, PPV is recommended (as a part of routine vaccination schedules) for those over the age of 65, and also for both children and adults in special risk categories:
		The 23-valent vaccine (e.g., Pneumovax II) is only appropriate for adults and usually should only be administered once, as subsequent re-injection risks severe local reactions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine (415 words)

	Clinical Trial: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine With Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine and Tetanus/Diphtheria Vaccine
		Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine With Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine and Tetanus/Diphtheria Vaccine
		The purpose of this study is to learn whether or not giving a tetanus/diphtheria vaccination ("tetanus shot") before giving pneumococcal vaccine makes the pneumococcal vaccine more effective without causing too many side effects.
		Another vaccine containing seven polysaccharide antigens conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (PCV7) is licensed for children and under investigation in adults.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00164411 (420 words)

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