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Topic: Pneumococcus

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	Pneumococcus Vaccine \| Vaccine Education Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Pneumococcus is a bacterium that causes several different types of serious infections in children.
		Pneumococcus is a bacterium that is commonly found lining the surface of the nose and the back of the throat — about 25 percent of people are “colonized” with pneumococcus.
		Pneumococcus is a common cause of ear infections in infants and young children.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75726 (926 words)

	Pneumococcus genome sequence completed
		Donald Morrison, UIC professor of biological sciences and a specialist in the study of pneumococcus, is a co-author who acted as an expert consultant in the sequencing work.
		The strain is a clinical isolate of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, taken from the blood of a 30-year-old Norwegian male.
		Pneumococcus is the most common cause of acute respiratory and ear infections.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-07/uoia-pgs071301.php (464 words)

	Children's Vaccine Program - Pneumococcus Quick Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In developing countries the pneumococcus bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is responsible for 10-20% of all deaths in children under five years of age.
		Pneumococcus disease can be very difficult to diagnose, so it is unclear exactly how many children die directly as a result of infection.
		Vaccines against pneumococcus have been available for adults and for children over two years of age for some time but until recently there was no vaccine effective for infants.
	www.childrensvaccines.org /html/v_pneumo_qf.htm (308 words)

	eMedicine - Pneumococcal Bacteremia : Article Excerpt by: Richard G Bachur, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is an encapsulated gram-positive bacterium that is a major cause of common upper respiratory infections and serious invasive infections.
		In the United States, pneumococcus is responsible for 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, and 500,000 cases of pneumonia per year.
		Pneumococcus is a major cause of sepsis in immunocompromised patients, including those with malignancy, asplenia (eg, sickle cell disease), and HIV.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/pneumococcal-bacteremia.htm (424 words)

	Pneumococcus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pneumococcus is a bacteria that causes serious infections in adults and children, including pneumonia, blood infections, and meningitis.
		The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23PS) protects against many different types of the pneumococcus bacteria and it is recommended that to be given to people over age 65 and children over age two who are at high risk.
		The risk of invasive infection with the pneumococcus bacteria is much less in children over age 5.
	www.belkysbravomd.com /pneumococcus.htm (549 words)

	Family Works!: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
		Pneumococcus is the bacterium responsible in children for 85% of blood infections, 66% of pneumonias, 50% of meningitis, 40% of otitis and 40% of sinusitis.
		Pneumococcus is particularly dangerous in children with kidney disease, sickle cell disease, diabetes, immunocompromised status or no spleen.
		Because it is 90% effective in preventing disease caused by pneumococcus, it has been termed in the media as the “pneumonia vaccine” and the “ear infection vaccine”.
	www.princetonol.com /family/columns/pedgroup24.html (708 words)

	Epinions.com - Pneumococcus Disease and the Prevnar Vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Epinions.com - Pneumococcus Disease and the Prevnar Vaccine
		Pneumococcus disease are also found in these diagnosis’s pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal bacteremia.
		This new vaccine is great news for parents and their children because now for the first time, doctors have a highly effective way to prevent a major cause of meningitis, pneumonia, serious blood infections, and some ear infections in the most susceptible children—those under two years of age.
	www.epinions.com /kifm-review-75D6-BE39721-3967E8B4-prod3 (1310 words)

	New Infant Vaccine Targets Pneumococcus Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pneumococcus bacteria is also the primary cause of meningitis.
		The pneumococcus bacteria is the primary cause of ear infections.
		vaccines made from the capsule of the pneumococcus are available for older children and adults, but young children cannot make antibodies to the capsule.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/3EA91EAEC4194E688525632500699D31 (373 words)

	Smith County Health District Article Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pneumococcus is a bacteria and is the most common cause of several bacterial infections of infants and young children.
		Severe infections include meningitis (an infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord), bloodstream infections (also known as sepsis) and pneumonia (an infection of the lungs).
		Pneumococcus is also a common cause of ear and sinus infections.........In the year 2000 the pneumococcal vaccine was first used in the United States.
	www.healthdistrict.net /whatsnew.asp?cmd=view&articleid=124 (205 words)

	The Pneumococcal Bacterium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The capsule helps the pneumococcus to infect humans by allowing the pneumococcus to stick to cells lining the respiratory tract (for example, the nose, throat, and tubes leading to the lungs).
		The same dyes are commonly used to stain and examine sputum (that is, coughed up phlegm) from patients with suspected pneumococcal pneumonia or spinal fluid from patients with suspected pneumococcal meningitis (Figure 3).
		A schematic diagram of the pneumococcus is shown in Figure 4.
	www.nfid.org /library/pneumococcal/bacterium.html (308 words)

	Encyclopedia: Griffiths experiment
		Griffith used two strains of Pneumococcus (which infects mice), a S (smooth) and a R (rough) strain.
		The S strain covers itself with a polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the host's immune system, resulting in the death of the host, while the R strain doesn't have that protective capsule and is defeated by the host's immune system.
		Both IIS and IIS strains pneumococcus were isolated from the mice’s blood, suggesting that they could not have resulted from the mutation of IIIR strain pneumococcus.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Griffiths-experiment (400 words)

	Communication at CDC: Entertainment Education: Resources for TV Writers and Producers
		Drug-resistant pneumococcal infections have been rising steadily over the past decade, and infection with a drug-resistant strain of pneumococcus can result in serious illness or death if the drug-resistance is not diagnosed soon enough.
		Estimates are that every year pneumococcus causes 7 million cases of otitis media (ear infection) in children; 100,000 - 135,000 hospitalizations for pneumonia; 50,000 cases of bloodstream infection; and 3,000 cases of meningitis.
		Spinal tap results show bacterial meningitis caused by pneumococcus, the same organism that caused her ear infection.
	www.cdc.gov /communication/tips/antibio.htm (803 words)

	Pneumococcus
		Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a bacteria that causes many different kinds of infections in people, ranging from ear infections and sinus infections to pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
		Studies of ear fluid cultures suggest that anywhere from 20 to 40% of ear infections are caused by pneumococcus.
		Even ceftriaxone may not work, though: in some communities as many as half of the pneumococcus samples isolated from patients' culture are resistant to ceftriaxone.
	www.drreddy.com /shots/pneumococcus.html (688 words)

	Introduction: Pneumococcus - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Pneumococcus: Bacteria causing ear infections, pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal meningitis.
		Researching symptoms of Pneumococcus: Further information about the symptoms of Pneumococcus is available including a list of symptoms of Pneumococcus, or alternatively return to research other symptoms in the symptom center.
		Statistics and Pneumococcus: Various sources and calculations are available in statistics about Pneumococcus, prevalence and incidence statistics for Pneumococcus, and you can also research other medical statistics in our statistics center.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /p/pneumococcus/intro.htm (206 words)

	Update on pneumococcal infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The pneumococcus (Streptococcal pneumoniae) is a diplococcus with at least 84 identified serotypes.
		The pneumococcus is responsible for approximately 30-60 per cent of pneumonia acquired in the community affecting one in every 1,000 adults in the UK each year (some 53,000 cases per annum), with a mortality rate of 10-20 per cent.
		Although the number of people carrying pneumococcus in their upper respiratory tract without evidence of pneumococcal disease is high, the incidence of disease is usually comparatively low.
	www.dotpharmacy.com /upvac.html (2033 words)

	Environ Health Perspect 107-6, 1999: Look, Ma! No Pneumococcus!
		Each year in the United States, pneumococcus causes 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7 million cases of otitis media, and is responsible for 40,000 deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
		Worldwide each year, pneumococcus causes 1.2 million deaths due to pneumonia, 39% of which are in children under the age of 5.
		Children are both the major carriers and the major victims of pneumococcus, which spreads by person-to-person contact via respiratory secretions during sneezing or nose-blowing.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /docs/1999/107-6/innovations.html (1048 words)

	P\S\L - News: Advice on Influenza and Pneumococcus Vaccinations for Diabetic Children Varies in Untied Kingdom
		A survey of consultants and paediatric diabetic nurse specialists from hospitals in the region of the Eastern Deanery, United Kingdom revealed a significant variation in advice regarding influenza and pneumococcus vaccinations for children with diabetes.
		Telephone and postal questionnaires concerning the vaccinations of the 75 children attending the diabetic clinic produced responses for 60 of the children, who were a median age of 13 years and were a median age of 5 years at diagnosis.
		Of the 17 consultants and the 17 nurses advising paediatric diabetic patients on vaccinations, 11 consultants and 10 nurses advised for influenza vaccination and 2 consultants and 4 nurses advised for pneumococcus vaccination.
	www.main.pslgroup.com /news/content.nsf/medicalnews/5F003147E943ADB085256E24006BBEF7?OpenDocument&id=&count=10 (311 words)

	Children's Vaccine Program - Pneumococcus In Depth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pneumococcal infections are caused by the bacterium pneumococcus (or Streptococcus pneumoniae), which colonizes in the nasopharynx area (i.e., nose and throat) of its host.
		Children colonized with pneumococcus may carry the bacteria without evidence of symptoms and signs, but they can still infect others.
		Growing resistance of pneumococcus to antimicrobial drugs has made effective treatment of pneumococcal disease difficult worldwide, where there are evidence of both mono- and multiple-drug resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin, erythromycin, azithromycin, sulfama, and/or bactrim.
	www.childrensvaccine.org /html/v_pneumo_id.htm (604 words)

	The Pneumococcus \| CDC EID
		Given its place near the top of the list of killer bacteria, pneumococcus is a focus of numerous researchers around the world.
		A new book, The Pneumococcus, edited by Elaine Tuomanen et al., is the latest effort to summarize the state of research on the organism.
		The Pneumococcus is an authoritative reference in a rapidly changing field.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol11no02/04-1010.htm (498 words)

	Child Health Library - Growth and Development - Pneumococcus
		Pneumococcus are bacteria that can cause serious illness in children, including pneumonia, infection in the blood, and meningitis (infection in the tissues around the brain and spinal cord).
		In young children, pneumococcus bacteria often cause otitis media (middle ear infection), which can lead to more serious complications such as meningitis.
		Although pneumococcal vaccines have been used for older children and adults for many years, a new form of pneumococcal vaccine is now recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for all children younger than age 2.
	www.chp.edu /greystone/growth/pnmco.php (322 words)

	Frederick Griffith
		In 1928 Frederick Griffith, British microbiologist, made a series of unexpected observations while performing an experiment with the disease-causing bacteria pneumococcus and laboratory mice.
		One was a virulent strain with a smooth polysaccharide coat necessary for infection and colonies of this strain appear smooth.
		Griffith theorized that some type of transformation takes place from the virulent to the non-virulent strain for it to synthesize a new polysaccharide coat.
	library.thinkquest.org /20465/griffith.html (202 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae*
		The pneumococcus is by far the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, particularly in the elderly.
		In children, the pneumococcus is a very common cause of otitis media.
		The pneumococci are untypable in the Lancefield classification which is based on the antigenicity of a carbohydrate which is soluble in dilute acid and called the C carbohydrate.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/strpneu.html (558 words)

	Pneumococcal Disease
		Worldwide, Pneumococcal infection is the major cause of mortality in children under 5, and accounts for 10-20% of all deaths in this age group.(1) Infection by this bacterium is a major cause of both, pneumonia and meningitis.
		Pneumococcus is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae which colonizes in the nasopharynx area, specifically the nose and throat.
		In developed countries, Pneumococcus infection can often be treated with antibiotics; however, increasingly resistant strains are emerging, including bacteria resistance to penicillin, cephalosporin, erythromycin, azithromycin, sulfama, and or bactrim.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/VaccineIssues/Pneu__.html (614 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Pneumococcus is the number one cause of bacterial disease in human beings, period.
		Now that we have controlled infection from the other major bacteria (Hemophilus Influenza) that used to infect small children (by immunization with the HIB vaccine), pneumococcus is the number one bacterial cause of meningitis in children under two years of age (approximately ten cases per 100,000 children).
		Anywhere from 10% to 60% of the population carry pneumococcus in our nasal passages at any given time, but it is usually dormant.
	www.beansprout.net /content/expert_advice.jhtml?ElementId=100762&audience=Family&category=Expert+Advice&subcategory=Health (887 words)

	Net-Doktor :: Oltással a pneumococcus ellen
		A pneumococcus jelentôs szerepet játszik az agyhártya-, s a gyermekkori középfül- és orrmelléküreg-gyulladások kiváltásában is. A szakirodalom adatai szerint ez a baktérium viszonylag gyakran fordul elô egészséges gyermekek és felnôttek garatjában is. Egy 1992–94-között végzett hazai felmérés megállapította, hogy 1138 légúti betegségben nem szenvedô gyermek között közel 17 százalékos volt a baktériumhordozók hányada.
		Fokozottan veszélyeztetettek azok is, akiknek nincs mûködô lépe, ugyanis közöttük az átlagosnál hatszázszor gyakrabban fordul elô pneumococcus eredetû gennyes agyhártyagyulladás, vérmérgezés, ezért oltásuk kiemelkedôen fontos.
		A pneumococcus elleni védôoltás évszaktól függetlenül bármikor adható, s anyagi szempontból is lényegesen elônyösebb, mint az antibiotikum-kezelés.
	www.mcd.hu /netdoki/betegsegek/legzes/cikkek/010716nd.htm (502 words)

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