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Topic: Podocarps

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Podocarpus

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	viridaeplantae3
		Many of the extant species of this group - like the families Pinaceae (pines), and Podocarpaceae (podocarps) - are nowadays more common in the temperate zones of Earth and in tropical montane regions, like the Himalayas and the Andes.
		Podocarps are rather picturesque trees found in the montane forests of the Antilles, as well as on the American continents.
		However there, and unlike West Indian pines, they are never the dominant species but are simply elements of the much more complex communities of montane rain forests and cloud forests.
	www.kingsnake.com /westindian/viridaeplantae3.html (795 words)

	Nageia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Nageia is a genus of conifers belonging to the podocarp family Podocarpaceae.
		The podocarp genera have been reshuffled by various botanists; most recently, several species formerly classed as Nageia were moved to the new genus Retrophyllum, and N.
		The wood is yellowish, typical of podocarps, and a few species are locally important for timber.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Nageia (300 words)

	adonline.id.au \| plant evolution \| the tour \| The ‘Golden Days’ of the Conifers and Cycads
		Podocarps have long narrow-linear leaves or scales along their stems.
		It is thought that the Podocarps may have led to the Pandanales - a group of palms.
		Growing together are Kauri Pines and Podocarps, as well as an arboreous cycad called Lepidozamia hopei; all of which give a glimpse of what the forests of the Jurassic would have looked like.
	www.adonline.id.au /plantevol/tour/tour13.htm (517 words)

	Tasman District Council > Prodocarps - TDC Biodiversity Overview
		Podocarps are the dominant Southern Hemisphere conifers (as pines are in the Northern Hemisphere) and evolved in Gondwanaland before the New Zealand continent split from its parent.
		The cargo of podocarps was spared some of the rigours of subsequent plant colonisation and they remained a dominant feature until recently.
		On well drained alluvium totara was the dominant podocarp, but where the ground was swampy kahikatea formed pure stands, forests as majestic as any in the world.
	www.tdc.govt.nz /index.php?Prodocarps-TDCBiodiversityOverview (254 words)

	Podocarpus macrophyllus
		The podocarps include 100 species mostly of the tropics and the temperate southern hemisphere but with few north to Japan and Mexico.
		The seeds are often surrounded by a fleshy aril-like structure.
		Podocarpus ustus may be the only known parasitic gymnosperm (thought to attack other podocarps), but its parasitic nature is currently in dipute.
	www.botany.wisc.edu /greenhouse/Roomtwo-po.html (90 words)

	Biodiversity of New Zealand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Of the original biodiversity that it carried with it from Gondwana several groups remain: most predominantly plants, such as the podocarps and the Southern beeches, but also a distinctive insect fauna, New Zealand's unusual frogs and the tuatara, as well as some of New Zealand's birds.
		Forests dominated by podocarps form a closed canopy with an understory of hardwoods and shrubs.
		In the north of New Zealand the podocarp forests were dominated by the ancient giant kauri.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biodiversity_of_New_Zealand (1823 words)

	Conifers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Pine family includes the oldest known trees, the bristlecone pines, many of which are known to be more than four thousand years old.
		Most Podocarps are tropical trees, many of them native to the Southern Hemisphere.
		Nonetheless, their flowers, the anatomy of their wood, and the details of seed development all show that Podocarps are closely related to the Cypress family (141 species).
	www.biologyreference.com /Ce-Co/Conifers.html (556 words)

	The Value of the Indigenous Forest Industry
		Assumes conversion of total podocarp roundwood to sawlogs of 90 percent and conversion of sawlogs to sawn timber of 60%;
		Assumes conversion of total beech roundwood to sawlogs of 60 percent and conversion of sawlogs to sawn timber of 50 percent.
		The economic multipliers associated with the conversion of sawlogs to kiln dried sawn timber are 3.0 for both podocarps and for beech.
	www.maf.govt.nz /MAFnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/indigenous-forests/indigenous-forestry-on-private-land/indigenous-forestry10.htm (703 words)

	IMPLICATIONS FOR LEAF AND SHOOT PHYSIOLOGY IN PODOCARPACEAE
		A correlation between the degree of shoot flattening and the light intensity required to saturate photosynthetic electron transport was found to exist in a group of podocarps of varying shoot morphology.
		In contrast to the great variability found in leaf morphology and leaf photochemistry of podocarps, other characters such as xylem tolerance to water-stress induced cavitation are apparently quite inflexible.
		The range of xylem tolerances in podocarps is low compared to the Cupressaceae, and may explain the restriction of Podocarpaceae to moist environments.
	www.actahort.org /books/615/615_16.htm (162 words)

	FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES INFORMATION - No. 9 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This class covers a great diversity of forest types ranging from dense podocarps with associated hardwoods being a minor element, to scattered podocarps with a strong hardwood element.
		This class also embraces a diversity of forest types with various associations of podocarps, the four species and one sub-species of Nothofagus Blume and other less prominent hardwoods.
		Once again there are complex patterns of forest types ranging from pure stands of a single species to various mixtures of the species.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/N2511E/N2511E01.htm (1682 words)

	Owls Chopping Boards
		It was named as "red pine" by the European colonists, although this name is misleading since it is not a true pine (rather, it is a member of the southern conifer group the podocarps).
		Although most trees are now found on the West Coast of the South Island, the biggest trees tend to be in mixed podocarp forest near Taupo (e.g., Pureora, Waihaha, and Whirinaki Forests).
		It can be a large but slow-growing tree, growing as high as 50 m tall, though most surviving large trees are 20-35 m tall.
	www.owlschoppingboards.co.nz /rimu.htm (278 words)

	ornate scale
		[ home ] [ life-cycle and terms ] [ seashore ] [ near seashore ] [ shrubland ] [ känuka ] [ lowland ] [ podocarp ] [ beech ] [ mountain ] [ orchard ] [ garden ]
		This scale is closely related to Crystallotesta ornatella, but they are different in size and live on different host plants.
		As well as totara trees in the podocarps habitat, ornate scale is found on broadleaf trees in the
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/softscales/fauna/ornata2.asp (231 words)

	RBGE: Research on Acmopyle pancheri (Podocarpaceae) at RBGE
		We compared it with that of Phyllocladus and with what is known about pollination hydrodynamics of other podocarp genera.
		We found that Acmopyle had many features of the ‘podocarp’ suite of hydrodynamics characters, such as pollen with functional sacci (‘bladders’) and which floats upwards in a pollination drop.
		Another important finding was that, even in the earliest stages, the ovule is inclined upwards, not inverted as was previously believed.
	www.rbge.org.uk /rbge/web/science/research/tropdivers/acmopyle.jsp (227 words)

	FORESTS, INDIGENOUS - Mixed Broadleaf Types - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		On the West Coast the broadleaf forest contained a high proportion of podocarps, mainly rimu, growing right to the cliff edges.
		This, however, is the type of forest that remains now, because podocarps and kauri have been logged out leaving behind broadleaf trees only.
		One that is common on the Mamaku plateau and West Taupo region is dominated by hinau, Eleocarpus dentatus, with its olive-like fruit, and kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa).
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/F/ForestsIndigenous/MixedBroadleafTypes/en (621 words)

	Podocarpaceae description
		Here is a brief and simplified chronology of how the podocarps have been subdivided at the generic rank:
		Nageia described, begins a long and complex history (mostly 1840 to 1990) with the net result of species being moved from Podocarpus into Nageia.
		No one ever confuses with it any of the other podocarps.
	conifers.org /po (651 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Rakiura Island temperate forests (AA0407)
		Its large tracts of wilderness and mist-drenched forests provide insight into what mainland New Zealand was like before the arrival of humans.
		This is possibly the southernmost rainforest in the world, with dense forests of podocarps and hardwoods.
		The podocarps and hardwoods are thought to have been reestablished at the end of the last ice age by birds, but southern beech Nothofagus spp.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0407_full.html (1502 words)

	Gymnosperms of New Zealand
		Big forest trees are often so tall that you cannot even see the foliage, so bark characters and tree form are important in identifying these trees (the Big Five, the cedars, the forest phylloclades and the kauri).
		Pay particular attention to juvenile foliage (which, in any case, is often the only kind you will see) and habitat when identifying the scale-leaved podocarps.
		The following sites are particularly useful to anyone desiring to tour New Zealand in search of native conifers.
	www.conifers.org /topics/nztrees.htm (509 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Other podocarps, such as kahikatea Dacrycarpus dacrydioides and matai Prumnopitys taxifolia, are found locally on fertile alluvial soils.
		The proposed addition of Waitutu State Forest would substantially improve the integrity of the park as it would include two glacial lake and outwash valley systems, a marine terrace system and tall rain forest on lowland terraces with dense podocarp forest that is not found within the present boundary.
		Management Constraints The greatest problem has been the deliberate and accidental introduction of browsing and predatory mammals to an environment where previously there were none.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0280w.htm (2580 words)

	Podocarpus
		They have a low toxicity and cause nausea and vomiting if consumed by children.
		Podocarps are gymnosperms like pines, spruces and cycads; they bear cones.
		Thick trunks of the old podocarpus are very hard and difficult to bend.
	volusia.org /arboretum/Shrubs/podocarpus.htm (151 words)

	Deep Cove Charters Fiordland-Home
		Beech trees dominate the forest with red and mountain beech growing around the eastern lakes and in the Eglinton Valley.
		Silver beech is the most widespread beech species, sometimes growing in association with podocarps such as Hall’s tôtara, rimu and miro.
		In the very wet western parts of the park the forest type has luxuriant under-storey shrubs, tree ferns, mosses and lichens.
	www.deepcovecharters.co.nz /Fiordland (1286 words)

	Floridata: Podocarpus macrophylla
		Podocarps are gymnosperms like pines, spruces and cycads.
		They have needlelike leaves that are flat and a lustrous dark green.
		Some grand, ancient podocarps grace the heights of 3-story courtyards in New Orleans.
	www.floridata.com /ref/P/podo_m.cfm (436 words)

	An Ancient Forest : Trees, Plants,Flora
		Podocarps are more predominant in New Zealand than anywhere else.
		They are a type of conifer that are a seed producing plant, or gymnosperms.
		A Mesozoic era plant, Podocarps stretch back almost 200 million years.
	www.backpack-newzealand.com /articles/topic70.php (629 words)

	NATUREANDCO.COM - Visit the Native Beech Forests of New Zealand: What to See and Where to Find them
		Like kauris and podocarps, the southern beeches (Nothofagus) have a very old ancestry that is traced back to over 100 million years.
		Also a few short walks close to Queenstown and on the shores of Lake Wakatipu, with limited amounts of beech forest.
		The forest cover of Fiordland National Park is predominantly beech, although podocarp forest is well developed in coastal areas from Martin's Bay northwards, and in the southern Waitutu Forests.
	www.natureandco.co.nz /travel_and_adventure/sightsee/natfor/beech-natfor.php3 (775 words)

	[No title]
		The position will be based in Lincoln, about 20 km from Christchurch, New Zealand.
		New Zealand’s natural rainforests are dominated by Nothofagus species, which form ectomycorrhizae, and by a range of other angiosperms and podocarps, which form arbuscular mycorrhizae.
		Remarkably little work has been performed on the role of mycorrhizae in these forests and we therefore believe that there are significant research opportunities for novel work to be set up in them.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /NZ_mycorrhizal_ecologist_job.doc (390 words)

	Dinosaur Facts: The Dinosaur Era
		The trees looked very different and were set apart from what we’re able to see today.
		However, some trees were relatives of the modern podocarps and modern-day ferns.
		Low ground would have been covered by mosses and ferns.
	www.dinosaurfacts.info /the_dinosaur_era.php (509 words)

	Dunedin Gardens Otago Southland Parks Dunedin Botanical Garden New Zealand Gardens NZ
		Walking tracks enable visitors to view the native birdlife, such as wood pigeons, fantails, bellbirds and tui especially in spring when the kowhai and flax flower.
		This native forested area forms a green backdrop for the park and is the largest lowland broadleaf Podocarp forest in the region, featuring substantial stands of southern rata and rimu, totara and matai over 500 years old.
		The Waimumu Stream and Whisky Creek running through the park are home to trout, eels, crayfish, ducks, geese and native shags, herons and kingfishers.
	www.atoz-nz.com /gardens.asp (5203 words)

	Salter, Joshua* and John E. Braggins. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An embryological study is being done on two New Zealand podocarp species, Prumnopitys taxifolia (matai) and P.
		The tiered proembryo in these podocarps conforms to the basal plan more typical for conifers than the derived embryogeny of the Pinaceae.
		Key words: conifer embryology, fertilization mechanism, New Zealand podocarps, Podocarpaceae, Prumnopitys
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section2/abstracts/29.shtml (231 words)

	kahikatea podocarps on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		andquot;Fruitandquot; (podocarps) of the New Zealand gymnosperm tree, kahikatea, along the shores of Lake Kanieri, Westland.
		"Fruit" (podocarps) of the New Zealand gymnosperm tree, kahikatea, along the shores of Lake Kanieri, Westland.
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	www.flickr.com /photos/16921893@N00/137374632 (112 words)

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