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Topic: Point (spatial)

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Polar coordinate system

Cartesian coordinate system

Azimuth

Horizontal coordinate system

Vector graphics

Compass (disambiguation)

Computer graphics

	Point (geometry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Points are used in the basic language of geometry, physics, vector graphics (both 2d and 3d), and many other fields.
		Euclid's axioms or postulates assert in some cases that points exist: for example, they assert that if two lines on a plane are not parallel, there is exactly one point that lies on both of them.
		The description of a point is quite similar to the description of a spatial vector, which also can exist in space with dimensions from one to many.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Point_(geometry) (359 words)

	Spatial statistics in agriculture
		A one-day Dina workshop on image analysis and spatial statistics in forestry was held on November 2, 1999 at KVL, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University of Denmark.
		Spatial statistics has many important applications in agriculture and related fields and it is therefore natural that Dina has designated spatial statistics in agriculture as a priority research area.
		A point process is a model for the spatial distribution of the points in a point pattern.
	www.dina.kvl.dk /~ml/dina/itcoord (1295 words)

	GPS to LRM: Integration of Spatial Point Features with Linear Referencing Methods
		Spatial accuracy of the six-inch photographs was determined by comparing the spatial location of points in the images with spatial locations for the same points taken with a GPS with centimeter accuracy.
		Mapping points to a spatial LRM entails “snapping” the point to the nearest cartographic segment.
		Linear offsets for the points mapped to the pilot LRM were compared against linear offsets for the same points mapped to the pilot “datum.” It was assumed that the “datum” accurately represented the street centerline and that the points were mapped to the correct location.
	www.ctre.iastate.edu /mtc/reports/GPSLRMfinal.htm (7187 words)

	Spatial Tools
		Spatial tools is an ArcView extension which provides a collection of grid tools made available through the program's GUI (Graphical User Interface).
		The exceptions are the Profile and Profile with Feature Points operations which require a combination of active grid, line and point feature themes, and Clip Grid, which requires a selected graphic object as well as an active grid theme to perform the analysis.
		Requires three active themes, the first a point theme (the feature points), the second a line theme and the third an elevation grid theme.User is queried for how many divisions of merged line.
	www.absc.usgs.gov /glba/gistools/spatialtools_doc.htm (2020 words)

	Astronaut-acquired Orbital Photographs as Digital Data for Remote Sensing: Spatial Resolution
		Assuming that the camera was positioned so that the imaginary line between the centre and nadir points (the principal line) runs vertically through the centre of the photograph, the distance between the geometric center of the photograph (principal point, PP) and the top of the photograph is d/2 (figure 8, A).
		The principle point is the point of intersection of the optical axis of the lens with the image plane (i.e.
		When the centre point was re-estimated to ± 0.02°, we determined that the photograph was not taken as obliquely as first thought (change in the estimate of the look angle t from 16.9 to 12.8°, table 5).
	earth.jsc.nasa.gov /newsletter/SpatialRes/default5.htm (4317 words)

	Spatial Analysis of Intraspecific Diversity: A Point-centred Approach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Diversity indices can be useful in the identification of in situ conservation areas or the location of areas most worthy of collecting trips, and, in conjunction with additional GIS analyses, may show potential in the prediction of new areas of high diversity.
		When used for spatial analysis, these indices are generally calculated on the basis of a grid associating a value with each grid square.
		Instead of a grid, we use a circle centered on each accession point, compute the diversity index based on all the points within the circle and assign the result index to the center point.
	www.grida.no /cgiar/awpack/spatial1.htm (472 words)

	MySQL AB :: GIS and Spatial Extensions with MySQL
		Spatial data is not limited to maps or to the Earth's geography.
		The definition of spatial data and operations is wide, and even though MySQL follows the OpenGIS specification to a large extent, this specification does not limit the use of spatial data to GIS applications.
		The start point of each ticker value is the day's date and the opening value, the end point is the date of the following day and the value of the stock by the end of the day.
	dev.mysql.com /tech-resources/articles/4.1/gis-with-mysql.html (2409 words)

	Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After an introduction of the basic ideas and notions of topology, a novel theory of topological spatial relations between sets is developed in which the relations are defined in terms of the intersections of the boundaries and interiors of two sets.
		This set is reduced to nine relations if the sets are restricted to spatial regions, a fairly broad class of subsets of a connected topological space having application to GIS.
		It is shown that these relations correspond to some of the standard set-theoretic and topological spatial relations between sets such as equality, disjointness, and containment in the interior.
	www.spatial.maine.edu /~max/RJ3.html (161 words)

	Spatial Data Transfer Standard Part 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The quality of point data shall be reported by using procedures established in existing standards such as the geodetic standard.
		Point Profile transfers shall be restricted to the use of conformance level 1 for horizontal external coordinates.
		The External Spatial Reference subfield of the Conformance field of the Identification module shall have the value of "1" indicating that, YES, one of the three recommended systems is used.
	www.ngs.noaa.gov /FGCS/tech_pub/sdtsp.html (8635 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spatial joins allow you to link the attributes of one data layer to another data layer using spatial relationships such as containment, distance or intersections.
		Choose the first option to summarize for each point the numeric attributes of the points that fall closest to each point and a count field showing the number of points that fall closest to it as shown in #2.
		Choose the second option to summarize for each point the attributes of the point in the target layer that is closest to each point and the distance to that point.
	www.uvm.edu /~bwemple/geog184/Spatialjoin.doc (1900 words)

	Opinion: Why Users Blame the Spatial Nautilius - OSNews.com
		The whole thing about spatiality is to provide the user with a real-life-alike interface that keeps objects' state and does not alter the contents of any physical object if not ordered to.
		While it is hard to call the GNOME's spatial Nautilius "innovative", as spatial browsers have a long history, to mention only the famous Macintosh Finder, it is certainly innovative to bring this idea back to life, after all these years of browser-like file managers domination.
		And remember that the spatial applications do not organise your work by themselves: you have to help them and keep your data organised yourself and then you will see how much spatial interface may make work easier and more effecient.
	www.osnews.com /story.php?news_id=7344 (1205 words)

	Citations: Point-set topological spatial relations - Egenhofer, Franzosa (ResearchIndex)
		Similar to spatial databases, simple objects can be used as approximations of trajectories and index structures can then be constructed using the....
		Let R be a spatial region in the plane, and I the time interval of interest.
		Topology is the study of geometrical properties and spatial relations.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/5122/0 (1326 words)

	Chapter 16. Spatial Extensions in MySQL
		This section describes the standard spatial data formats that are used to represent geometry objects in queries.
		The term spatially overlaps is used if two geometries intersect and their intersection results in a geometry of the same dimension but not equal to either of the given geometries.
		A spatial index is built using the MBR of a geometry.
	www.ooad.org /html-chapter/spatial-extensions.html (4233 words)

	Mapping of DLG-E into SDTS:Section 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is modeled as a distinct spatial object in the SDTS.
		Section 3: Mapping of Spatial Objects DLG-E Term DLG-E Definition SDTS Term SDTS Description Point A zero-dimensional spatial object that Entity Point A point used for identifying the location of is not along the path of any chain.
		The partitioning of spatial objects into modules will be based primarily on participation in the same DLG-E surface (SDTS 2-d manifold.), and secondarily on SDTS object representation code.
	mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov /sdts/emapoct_93/section3.html (639 words)

	3 : Spatial Data Organization — Federal Geographic Data Committee
		3.3.1 SDTS Terms Description -- point and vector object information using the terminology and concepts from "Spatial Data Concepts," which is Chapter 2 of Part 1 in Department of Commerce, 1992, Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) (Federal Information Processing Standard 173): Washington, Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
		3.3.1.1 SDTS Point and Vector Object Type -- name of point and vector spatial objects used to locate zero-, one-, and two-dimensional spatial locations in the data set.
		3.3.2.2.1 VPF Point and Vector Object Type -- name of point and vector spatial objects used to locate zero-, one-, and two-dimensional spatial locations in the data set.
	www.fgdc.gov /metadata/csdgm/03.html (666 words)

	Sava Algorithms: sava::spatial::KDTree< Point, Value, Dimensions, Discriminator, Size > Class Template Reference
		Returns a const iterator pointing to the leftmost bottommost point in the container.
		A pair containing the iterator pointing to the inserted value and true if the mapping is inserted.
		In conformance with the STL map interface, if the point key does not occur in the KDTree, a new value is inserted and returned using the default constructor for KDTree::mapped_type.
	www.savarese.com /software/SavaAlgorithms/doc/api/c++/a00019.html (2333 words)

	Spatial Regression for Marked Point Processes - Ickstadt, Wolpert (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: this paper is a spatial regression analysis for point count data that reflects the effects of both observed and latent spatial covariate data and individual marks.
		Ickstadt, K. and Wolpert, R.L. (1999) Spatial regression for marked point processes (With discussion).
		8 A point process modelling approach to raised incidence of a..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /401069.html (619 words)

	Spatial Data Organization info: FGDC metadata content standard
		the types and numbers of vector or nongridded point spatial objects in the data set.
		point and vector object information using the terminology and concepts from "Spatial Data Concepts," which is chapter 2 of part 1 in Department of Commerce, 1992, Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) (Federal Information Processing Standard 173): Washington, Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
		name of point and vector spatial objects used to locate zero-, one-, and two-dimensional spatial locations in the data set.
	geology.usgs.gov /tools/metadata/standard/03.html (526 words)

	Spatial (R-Tree) Indexes in MySQL 4.1 (by Jeremy Zawodny)
		Here's a quick demonstration in which I add three points to a table and then ask MySQL which points fall within the bounds of a couple polygons.
		As far as I can see, none of the three points in the table, and certainly (2,1), are within this polygon.
		It seems that this implementation of spatial indices is only going to support 2-dimensional spatial data -- since all the Geometry classes are limited to (x,y) values.
	jeremy.zawodny.com /blog/archives/000418.html (952 words)

	Spatial Index Demos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If you are interested in these spatial index demos, you could be also interested in our latest achievement - SAND Internet Browser.
		SAND is a spatial data browser and spatial database engine with Java front-end.
		Now you can rank objects by their distance from point, rectangle, polygon and path.
	www.cs.umd.edu /~brabec/quadtree/index.html (345 words)

	R spatial functions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spatial Functions for kriging and point pattern analysis for R and SPlus
		Spatial Functions for kriging and point pattern analysis from
		Implementing functions for spatial statistical analysis using the R language1could also be useful.
	www.ai-geostats.org /software/Geostats_software/SPLUS_SPATIAL_STATS.htm (154 words)

	UNIT 40 - SPATIAL INTERPOLATION I
		spatial interpolation is the procedure of estimating the value of properties at unsampled sites within the area covered by existing observations
		point interpolation is used for data which can be collected at point locations e.g.
		point to point interpolation is the most frequently performed type of spatial interpolation done in GIS
	www.geog.ubc.ca /courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u40.html (2302 words)

	Spatial Data Organization Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		the types and numbers of vector or nongridded point spatial objects in
		the types and numbers of raster spatial objects in the data set.
		"Spatial Data Concepts," which is chapter 2 of part 1 in
	fgdc.er.usgs.gov /metadata/production/prspatorg.html (382 words)

	MySQL Reference Manual - 18 Spatial Extensions in MySQL
		After you have created spatial columns, you can populate them with spatial data.
		Returns a geometry that represents all points whose distance from the geometry value
		The optimizer investigates whether available spatial indexes can be involved in the search for queries that use a function such as
	me.in-berlin.de /doc/mysql-doc/manual_Spatial_extensions_in_MySQL.html (4651 words)

	UNIT 12 - RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SPATIAL OBJECTS
		This final unit in the spatial databases module looks at the complex issue of relationships and how they can be coded.
		The important concept of planar enforcement, introduced here, is referred to several times in later units.
		"is contained in" relationship between a point and an area is important in relating objects to their surrounding environment
	www.geog.ubc.ca /courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u12.html (1724 words)

	Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) Part 6: Point Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		OBJECTIVES: This profile shall provide for the transfer of higher precision geographic point data in compliance with SDTS, FIPS 173.
		SCOPE: Part 6, the Point Profile, contains specifications for a SDTS profile for use with geographic point data only, with the option to carry high precision coordinates (by increasing the number of decimal places or significant figures) such as those required for geodetic network control points can be attained.
		The data may be derived from a cartographic product (map), but the scope of the Point Profile is to convey high precision point data, such as data derived from high precision geodetic network control surveys, rather than information about geographic features displayed on maps.
	fgdc.er.usgs.gov /standards/status/sub2_3.html (219 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A menu allows the user to query a relational database and select sites which are displayed as a point theme in a View document.
		The Hydrograph DocGUI has a ''Select By Polygon'' tool used for isolating particular points on the hydrograph inside a user-drawn polygon or the user could isolate the same points by constructing a logical expression with the ArcView GIS ''Query Builder'' dialog that is also accessible in the Hydrograph DocGUI.
		The selected points on the active hydrograph can be attributed (or flagged) individually or as a group using the ''Flag'' tool found on the Hydrograph DocGUI.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=840692 (477 words)

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