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| | Coat Color Genetics |
 | | The generally recognised color series (loci) in dogs are called A (agouti), B (brown), C (albino series), D (blue dilution) E (extension), G (graying), M (merle), R (roaning), S (white spotting) and T (ticking.) There may be more, unrecognised gene series, and in a given breed modifying factors may drastically affect the actual appearance. |
 | | dogs without color on or near the ear have a higher probability of deafness than dogs with color on the ears, but this varies with breed and it is not known whether a separate allele of S might be involved. |
 | | The color of the ticking seems to be the color the coat would be in that area if the white spotting genes were not present. |
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