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Topic: Poisson


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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)

  
  Process for Organization of Internet Standards ONg (poisson) Charter
POISSON is concerned with documenting issues relevant to the IETF process.
Furthermore, the POISSON WG will review documents that are related to the IETF standards process (but that will not be produced by the POISSON WG itself) when available.
Last but not least, Poisson will serve as a generic platform where the IAB and IESG can discuss policy questions if there is the need for consensus polling.
www.ietf.org /html.charters/OLD/poisson-charter.html   (558 words)

  
  Siméon Denis Poisson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Poisson was born at Pithiviers in the département of Loiret, France.
Poisson was first sent to an uncle, a surgeon at Fontainebleau, and began to take lessons in bleeding and blistering, but made little progress.
Poisson showed that the result could be extended to a second approximation, and thus made an important advance in the planetary theory.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simeon_Poisson   (1608 words)

  
 Simeon Poisson   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Siméon-Denis Poisson (June 21, 1781 – April 25, 1840), was a French mathematician, geometer and physicist.
Throughout the empire Poisson faithfully adhered to the family principles, and refused to worship Napoleon I.
The memoir is remarkable inasmuch as it roused Lagrange, after an interval of inactivity, to compose in his old age one of the greatest of his memoirs, viz, that Sur la théorie des variations des éléments des planètes, et en particulier des variations des grands axes de leurs orbites.
www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/si/simeon_poisson.html   (1634 words)

  
 Poisson distribution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The higher moments of the Poisson distribution are Touchard polynomials in λ, whose coefficients have a combinatorial meaning.
Accordingly, the Poisson distribution is sometimes called the law of small numbers because it is the probability distribution of the number of occurrences of an event that happens rarely but has very many opportunities to happen.
For temporally distributed events, the Poisson distribution is the probability distribution of the number of events that would occur within a preset time, the Erlang distribution is the probability distribution of the amount of time until the nth event.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poisson_distribution   (1180 words)

  
 Negative Poisson's ratio
Poisson's ratio as a function of strain is obtained by modeling the three dimensional unit cell as an idealized polyhedron unit cell.
Poisson's ratio is predicted to approach the isotropic limit of -1 with increasing permanent volumetric compression ratio of idealized cells, in comparison with experimental values as small as - 0.8.
Values of J toughness of negative Poisson's ratio open cell copper foams are enhanced by 80%, 130%, and 160% for permanent volumetric compression ratio of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0, respectively, compared to the J value of the conventional foam (with a positive Poisson's ratio).
silver.neep.wisc.edu /~lakes/Poisson.html   (3924 words)

  
 Acquiring Statistics | Simeon Denis Poisson   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Poisson was born to modestly situated parents, and owed his career to the new scientific institutions created by the Revolution, which systematically sought and advanced students of promise.
Poisson's Law of Large Numbers (1835), a generalization of Bernoulli and an advance on de Moivre, was the direct inspiration for Quetelet, and determined the direction of what is called the Continental school of statistics.
The classic Poisson data set, extracted by von Bortkiewicz from official records, is the number of soldiers in the Prussian Army who died in a given year from the kick of a horse.
www.umass.edu /wsp/statistics/tales/poisson.html   (772 words)

  
 What is Poisson's ratio?
Poisson's ratio is related to elastic moduli K, the bulk modulus; G as the shear modulus; and E, Young's modulus, by the following.
The Poisson's ratio in a viscoelastic material is time dependent in the context of transient tests such as creep and stress relaxation.
Poisson's ratio also affects the decay of stress with distance according to Saint Venant's principle, and the distribution of stress around holes and cracks.
silver.neep.wisc.edu /~lakes/PoissonIntro.html   (1058 words)

  
 Poisson
Poisson was named deputy professor at the École Polytechnique in 1802, a position he held until 1806 when he was appointed to the professorship at the École Polytechnique which Fourier had vacated when he had been sent by Napoleon to Grenoble.
Poisson's work on attractive forces was itself a major influence on Green's major paper of 1828 although Poisson never seems to have discovered that Green was inspired by his formulations.
Poisson never wished to occupy himself with two things at the same time; when, in the course of his labours, a research project crossed his mind that did not form any immediate connection with what he was doing at the time, he contented himself with writing a few words in his little wallet.
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Poisson.html   (2537 words)

  
 Poisson distribution -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The (Any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave) mode of a Poisson distributed random variable with non-integer λ is equal to, which is the largest integer less than or equal to λ.
Given a sample of N measured values we wish to estimate the value of the parameter of the Poisson population from which the sample was drawn.
For (Click link for more info and facts about temporally) temporally distributed events, the Poisson distribution is the probability distribution of the number of events that would occur within a preset time, the Erlang distribution is the probability distribution of the amount of time until the nth event.
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/poisson_distribution.htm   (1465 words)

  
 Kirill C. H. Mackenzie, School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Sheffield, Poisson Geometry
The Poisson category is much richer and more flexible than the symplectic category: in the symplectic category all morphisms are diffeomorphisms or etale, but there is a natural concept of Poisson map which allows a much fuller range of the standard categorical constructions.
Poisson structures are the first stage in quantization, in the specific sense that a Poisson bracket is the first term in the power series of a deformation quantization.
Poisson groups are also important in studies of complete integrability and have thrown light on classical examples as well as modern aspects.
www.shef.ac.uk /~pm1kchm/poisson.html   (963 words)

  
 Ed231C: Poisson Models
Poisson probabilities are use to model the number of occurrences (counts) of an event.
One of the early recorded uses of the Poisson distribution was the 1898 study investigating the number of Prussian soldiers that were kicked to death by horses.
A poisson distribution has a mean equal to λ and a variance equal to λ.
www.gseis.ucla.edu /courses/ed231c/notes1/pois1.html   (922 words)

  
 Stats: Guidelines for poisson regression models
In particular, Poisson regression implicitly uses a log transformation which adjusts for the skewness and prevents the model from producing negative predicted values.
Poisson regression also models the variance as a function of the mean.
The Poisson model is fit to the counts and uses the log of the denominator as an offset variable.
www.cmh.edu /stats/model/poisson.asp   (1236 words)

  
 Poisson Distribution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
Other phenomena that often follow a poisson distribution are death of infants, the number of misprints in a book, the number of customers arriving, and the number of activations of a geiger counter.
The poisson distribution was derived by the french mathematician Poisson in 1837, and the first application was the describtion of the number of death by horse kicking in the prussian army (Bortkiewicz, 1898).
Thus, the poisson distribution is cheaper to use because the number of accidents is usually recorded by the police department, whereas the total number of drivers is not.
www.berrie.dds.nl /poisson.html   (324 words)

  
 Encyclopedia: Poisson's ratio
Poisson's ratio (ν), named after Simeon Poisson, is a measure of this tendency.
Some materials, mostly polymer foams, have a negative Poisson's ratio; if these auxetic materials are stretched in one direction, they become thicker in perpendicular directions.
A Poisson's ratio greater than 0.5 does not make sense because at a certain strain the material would reach zero volume, and any further strain would give the material "negative volume".
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Poisson%27s-ratio   (245 words)

  
 1.3.6.6.19. Poisson Distribution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The Poisson distribution is used to model the number of events occurring within a given time interval.
The following is the plot of the Poisson cumulative distribution function with the same values of
The Poisson percent point function does not exist in simple closed form.
www.itl.nist.gov /div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda366j.htm   (175 words)

  
 Mechanical engineering other topics - Poisson's ratio
Poisson's ratio is defined as minus the transverse strain divided by the axial strain in the direction of stretching force.
Poisson's ratios for various materials are approximately 0.5 for rubbers and for soft biological tissues, 0.45 for lead, 0.33 for aluminum, 0.27 for common steels, 0.1 to 0.4 for cellular solids such as typical polymer foams, and nearly zero for cork.
It is believed by many that materials with negative values of Poisson's ratio are unknown; however Love presents a single example of cubic 'single crystal' pyrite as having a Poisson's ratio of -0.14; he suggests the effect may result from a twinned crystal.
www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=3102   (1879 words)

  
 Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression
Deviance and Pearson Chi-Square divided by the degrees of freedom  are used to detect overdispersion or underdispersion in the Poisson regression.
This test tests equality of the mean and the variance imposed by the Poisson distribution against the alternative that the variance exceeds the mean.
Poisson Regression Overview, that is, the log of the mean, m, is a linear function of independent variables,
www.uky.edu /ComputingCenter/SSTARS/P_NB_3.htm   (741 words)

  
 Acquiring Statistics | Lesson 16 (Poisson Distribution)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The Poisson Distribution is named for its first discoverer; it was later and independently discovered by von Bortkiewicz and Gosset.
The classic Poisson example is the data set of von Bortkiewicz (1898), for the chance of a Prussian cavalryman being killed by the kick of a horse.
The Poisson Distribution, by its nature, is concerned with relatively infrequent events, which are measured over small intervals of time or space, so that the likeliest number of occurrences per unit of time or space is indeed 0.
www.umass.edu /wsp/statistics/lesson/16   (2702 words)

  
 ESTS0428: POISSON SUPERFISH, Poisson Equation Solver for Radio Frequency Cavity
POISSON solves Poisson's (or Laplace's) equation for the vector (scalar) potential with nonlinear isotropic iron (dielectric) and electric current (charge) distributions for two-dimensional Cartesian or three-dimensional cylindrical symmetry.
PANDIRA is similar to POISSON except it allows anisotropic and permanent magnet materials and uses a different numerical method to obtain the potential.
POISSON uses a successive point over-relaxation (SPOR) method to solve the equations, while PANDIRA directly solves the block tridiagonal system of difference equations, and iteration is required only for nonlinear problems.
www.nea.fr /abs/html/ests0428.html   (674 words)

  
 Simeon Denis Poisson
Poisson taught at Ecole Polytechnique from 1802 until 1808 when he became an astronomer at Bureau des Longitudes.
The Poisson distribution describes the probability that a random event will occur in a time or space interval under the conditions that the probability of the event occurring is very small, but the number of trials is very large so that the event actually occurs a few times.
His name is attached to a wide area of ideas, for example:- Poisson's integral, Poisson's equation in potential theory, Poisson brackets in differential equations, Poisson's ratio in elasticity, and Poisson's constant in electricity.
www.shsu.edu /~icc_cmf/bio/poisson.html   (392 words)

  
 Poisson Distributions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The Poisson distribution describes a wide range of phenomena in the sciences.
However, the important property of processes described by the Poisson distribution is that the SD is the square root of the total counts registered To illustrate, the table shows the results of counting our radioactive sample for different time intervals (with some artificial variability thrown in).
The Poisson curve is the same one used in Example 2.
info.bio.cmu.edu /Courses/03438/PBC97Poisson/PoissonPage.html   (1934 words)

  
 Poisson distribution
The Poisson distribution was derived by the French mathematician Poisson in 1837, and the first application was the description of the number of death by horse kicking in the prussian army (Bortkiewicz, 1898).
The Poisson distribution is a mathematical rule that assigns probabilities to the number occurrences.
For example, a Poisson distribution could be used to model the number of accidents at an intersection in a week.
www.stat.sfu.ca /~cschwarz/Stat-301/Handouts/node64.html   (408 words)

  
 POISSON DISTRIBUTION   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
As background to the Poisson distribution, we should compare the treatment of random count data with the treatment of measurement data.
Provided that the cells are randomly distributed (no mutual attraction or repulsion) then their count conforms to Poisson distribution, and this applies to all the counts (of various types) that ever have been made or that ever will be made.
If the data conformed to a Poisson distribution, then the mean of 52 would have a variance of 52.
helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/statistics/tress10.htm   (1417 words)

  
 Normal & Poisson Distribution
Haldane and Kosambi used the Poisson distribution to adjust the observed number of crossover events to the map distance.
Map distance is the distance between loci on a chromosome and is not the same as the recombination proportion.
A characteristic of the Poisson distribution is that the population mean and variance are equal.
www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /plantsci/adv_genetics/genetics/np/np02.htm   (174 words)

  
 Poisson Knocks on Doors - Connection Newspapers   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
David Poisson (D) grew up in an old mill town in southeastern Massachusetts with his single mother and three younger siblings.
Poisson worked his way through the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, where he received a bachelor’s degree in sociology and a master’s degree in education.
Poisson and his wife, Laura, and 14-year-old daughter, Kate, live in Sterling.
connectionnewspapers.com /article.asp?article=56306&paper=67&cat=104   (849 words)

  
 The Poisson Distribution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The Poisson Distribution is a discrete distribution which takes on the values X = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
It is often used as a model for the number of events (such as the number of telephone calls at a business or the number of accidents at an intersection) in a specific time period.
The Poisson distribution is determined by one parameter, lambda.
www.math.csusb.edu /faculty/stanton/m262/poisson_distribution/Poisson_old.html   (141 words)

  
 Poisson distribution   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
The poisson distribution is an appropriate model for count data.
Examples of such data are mortality of infants in a city, the number of misprints in a book, the number of bacteria on a plate, and the number of activations of a geiger counter.
The poisson distribution is a mathematical rule that assigns probabilities to the number occurences.
www.stattucino.com /berrie/poisson.html   (229 words)

  
 Poisson Distribution
The Poisson distribution provides a useful way to assess the percentage of time when a given range of results will be expected.
For example, if you have measured a certain type of special event only once (x=1) during your run at a large accelerator after observing n events, then you might wish to project how many events you would have to observe to have a 90% confidence level of seeing at least one additional such special event.
Now since the mean is a = n'p and the probability p=1/n where n is the number of your previous observations, it follows that to achieve a 90% confidence level of seeing another special event, you would have to observe n' = 2.3n more events.
hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/math/poifcn.html   (505 words)

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