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	Polar ice cap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A polar ice cap or polar ice sheet is a high-latitude region of a planet or moon that is covered in ice.
		Polar ice caps do not have size, composition or geologic requirements of being over land, but they must be centered in the polar region.
		Polar ice caps form because high-latitude regions receive less energy in the form of solar radiation from the sun than equatorial regions, resulting in lower surface temperatures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polar_ice_cap (474 words)

	Cap ice polar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The perennial cover of the ice is the ice that survives the melting of the summer, consisting mainly of floes to multiyear heavy of the ice that is the main support of the Arctic cover of the ice of the sea.
		The Arctic ice of the sea reaches its minimum in September typically, in the end of the station of the melting of the summer, and later it recovers on the winter.
		Dramatic polar Withdrawl of the ice of the sea and definitively to melt the culminating change of affectation in ice the polar sockets of the climate of the melting artic, the global Arctic and of the change inveractively on twenty five periods of year.
	polar.webclipat.com /cap-ice-polar.htm (1469 words)

	EO Library: Polar Ice Fact Sheet
		Polar ice consists of sea ice formed from the freezing of sea water, and ice sheets and glaciers formed from the accumulation and compaction of falling snow.
		Ice and snow are among the most reflective of naturally occurring Earth surfaces.
		In particular, sea ice is much more reflective than the surrounding ocean, so that if it were to increase in extent, for instance because of large-scale cooling, then more solar energy would be reflected back to space and less would be absorbed at the surface.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/PolarIce (229 words)

	Interactive Polar Ice Cap Melter ::: Everybody's Weather ::: NASA satellite images show dramatic polar sea ice cap melt ...
		Perennial ice cover is ice that survives the summer melt, consisting mainly of thick multiyear ice floes that are the mainstay of the Arctic sea ice cover.
		For the perennial ice to recover, sustained cooling is needed, especially during the summer period.
		If ice were to grow back in these areas, the new ice would likely be thinner and more susceptible to future melt than the thick perennial ice that it replaces.
	www.everybodysweather.com /Static_Media/Polar_Ice_Cap_Melter/index.htm (1188 words)

	NASA Fact Sheets
		Where ice sheets extend outward to the ocean, the ice tends to move out over the surrounding water, forming "ice shelves." There is a concern that, with global warming, the water under the ice shelves would be warmer and cause them to break up more readily, forming very large icebergs.
		The melting and growth of sea ice, in contrast to land ice, does not affect sea level, because the sea ice is floating on the ocean already and is in equilibrium with it.
		Sea ice varies significantly from season to season and from year to year, and the extent of its natural variability is not fully known.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/service/gallery/fact_sheets/earthsci/polar.htm (1643 words)

	Polar Regions
		Ice shelves make up about 10% of Antarctica's ice, and are floating sheets of ice attached to land that project out into coastal waters.
		Central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness; the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses.
		Polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0873721.html (454 words)

	Polar Ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The ice melt is, according to the researchers, due to the warming of both the waters of the North Atlantic and air temperatures in the region.
		The loss of ice in the Arctic could have dramatic effects because its formation is an important part of the ocean "conveyor belt" which sends cold salty water plunging to the seabed and heading south, allowing warm water to flood in from the tropics.
		Its ice sheet is particularly vulnerable to ice melt because it is closer to the equator than the West Antarctic ice sheet at the South Pole.
	www.solcomhouse.com /PolarIce.htm (1400 words)

	POLAR WARNING / A WARMING WORLD: THE DIFFERENCE A DEGREE MAKES
		When polar bears turn up on land, scientists think, it means the sea ice -- their home and hunting ground -- has retreated so far from the shore and its rich coastal waters that they can't find their main prey, ringed and bearded seals.
		He has studied polar bears in Alaska for 25 years and is past chairman of the polar bear specialists group of the World Conservation Union, a body of nations, agencies and private groups dedicated to protecting species.
		Conditions are ideal when the ice is close enough to land to float over the shallow waters of the continental shelf, a rich feeding ground for the seals that are the bears' main prey.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/01/15/MNG3FGMHML1.DTL (3783 words)

	SPACE.com -- Meltdown: Satellites Show Accelerated Polar Ice Threat
		The researchers studied the crumbling Larsen Ice Shelf, a relatively small peninsula of ice that dropped an area of ice as big as Rhode Island into the sea between 1995 and 1998.
		Ice shelves are the enormous floating tongues of even larger land-dwelling glaciers.
		She found that a water-filled crevasse just 15 to 50 feet (5 to 15 meters) deep could crack an ice shelf more than twice as deep as a football field is long.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetearth/ice_melt_010117.html (1474 words)

	Polar Regions
		The Arctic and Antarctic are in the polar regions.
		Polar bears, penguins, seals, whales, and walrus are a few of the wildlife that live in these very cold regions.
		Polar bears are found in the Arctic, while penguins are found in the Antarctic.
	www.42explore.com /polar.htm (1574 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Polar ice is always melting, and also always growing as more snow falls that doesn't melt during the summer.
		The Antarctic ice sheet is likely to grain mass because of greater precipitation, while the Greenland ice sheet is likely to lose mass because the increase in runoff will exceed the precipitation increase.
		However, loss of grounded ice leading to substantial sea level rise from this source is now widely agreed to be very unlikely during the 21st century.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/resources/coldscience/aice0.htm (650 words)

	Volume of Earth's Polar Ice Caps
		Ice caps were formed millions of years ago from layers of snow that were compressed together for millions of years.
		Ice caps are found in several places in the Arctic region (Greenland, Iceland, Baffin Island, and the island of Spitsbergen) and over most of the Antarctic region.
		The volume of the polar ice caps is very important, because it may provide answers to future problems regarding the earth's fresh water.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2000/HannaBerenblit.shtml (671 words)

	Howstuffworks "If the polar ice caps melted, how much would the oceans rise?"
		The main ice covered landmass is Antarctica at the South Pole, with about 90 percent of the world's ice (and 70 percent of its fresh water).
		Antarctica is covered with ice an average of 2,133 meters (7,000 feet) thick.
		But there might be a less dramatic reason than polar ice melting for the higher ocean level -- the higher temperature of the water.
	science.howstuffworks.com /question473.htm (578 words)

	Global Warming Impact on Polar Ice Sheets Confirmed
		The 10 year survey shows there was a net loss of ice from the combined polar ice sheets between 1992 and 2002 and a corresponding rise in sea level.
		The survey documented extensive thinning of the West Antarctic ice shelves, an increase in snowfall in the interior of Greenland, and thinning of ice at the edges.
		In Greenland, the survey saw large ice losses along the southeastern coast and a large increase in ice thickness at higher elevations in the interior due to relatively high rates of snowfall.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/mar2006/2006-03-13-03.asp (1379 words)

	Mercury Ice
		The orbiting infrared CCD spectrascope could easily determine which of the 5 impacts struck ice, and what the chemical consituents of the ice were at each of the impact points.
		Thus, that ice must contain a chemical record of the history of the inner solar system in the way that comets are thought to be a record of the outer solar system.
		Scientists at Caltech and JPL have recently demonstrated the likelihood of ice at the north and south poles of the planet Mercury.
	www.magicdragon.com /ComputerFutures/SpacePublications/Mercury_Ice.html (4235 words)

	NRDC: Global Warming Puts the Arctic on Thin Ice
		The polar ice cap as a whole is shrinking.
		Polar bears, whales, walrus and seals are changing their feeding and migration patterns, making it harder for native people to hunt them.
		Melting glaciers and land-based ice sheets also contribute to rising sea levels, threatening low-lying areas around the globe with beach erosion, coastal flooding, and contamination of freshwater supplies.
	www.nrdc.org /globalWarming/qthinice.asp (907 words)

	Polar ice cap (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They treat to the NASA that the polar ice socket is melting in an alarming tariff due to warming up itself global.
		The disclosed E.E.U.U. and Canadian scientists in September that the greatest shelf of the ice of the Arctic of the coast of Canada was had broken upon due to the change of the climate and could put in danger the shipment and platforms that they perforated in the sea of Beaufort.
		The shelf of the ice of the hunting of the room has been in place in the coast of the north of the island of Ellesmere in the territory of Nunavut of Canada by at least 3,000 years.
	polar.vparivalka.com /polar-ice-cap.htm (429 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Record ice loss in Arctic
		Greenland's unusual summer slush was part of a record-breaking year of northern polar ice loss, reported by Dr Steffen and other scientists this weekend at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) conference in San Francisco.
		Greenland glacier and sea ice melt, combined with disappearing permafrost, the northern expansion of vegetation, and increased fresh water run-off present a "compelling case that something is going on," said Larry Hinzman, of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
		Such a low-pressure system is characteristic of the Arctic Oscillation, an atmospheric sea-sawing that produces warm weather and is also partly responsible for this year's dramatic Arctic sea ice melt, according to Mark Serreze, a researcher at the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colorado.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2558319.stm (657 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Record Low for June Arctic Sea Ice
		June marks the beginning of the melt season for Arctic sea ice, which reaches its minimum extent at the end of the season in September.
		This oscillation is an alternating pattern of atmospheric pressure at polar latitudes and mid-latitudes.
		As sea ice melts, less energy is reflected back into space, and more energy is absorbed by the darker ocean waters.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16978 (544 words)

	Mars is Melting
		The south polar ice cap of Mars is receding, revealing frosty mountains, rifts and curious dark spots.
		While the south polar cap is vaporizing the north polar cap is growing.
		A physicist would say more accurately "the polar caps are subliming." In other words, the frozen CO --better known as "dry ice"--transforms directly from a solid to a gas without going through an intermediate liquid phase.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2003/07aug_southpole.htm (1358 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Arctic ice 'disappearing quickly'
		The new data shows that on 19 September, the area covered by ice fell to 5.35 million sq km (2.01 million sq miles), the lowest recorded since 1978, when satellite records became available; it is now 20% less than the 1978-2000 average.
		An NSIDC analysis of historical records also suggests that ice cover is less this year than during the low periods of the 1930s and 40s.
		Most data on sea ice thickness comes from records of military submarines, which regularly explored passages under the Arctic ice cap during the Cold War years.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4290340.stm (873 words)

	Time for Kids \| News \| Polar Ice Melting
		As spring arrives in the Arctic, new research suggests average temperatures are rising and ice caps are quickly melting.
		The new research on the polar ice caps in the Arctic and Antarctic is outlined in the latest issue of the journal Science.
		What happens at the polar ice caps could affect the entire globe, said Bette Otto-Bleisner of the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
	www.timeforkids.com /news/story/0,6260,1176861,00.html (355 words)

	Mars Exploration: Multimedia
		Polar ice spreads and retreats with the changing of the seasons, carving out layered terrain that helps scientists understand changes in climate and geology over time.
		As the ice moves back and forth across the surface, old layers lying beneath surface layers are exposed, giving a glimpse into the past geologic history of the planet.
		Erosion of North Polar Layers and Genesis of nearby Sand Dunes
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/polaricecaps/index.html (140 words)

	PRISM Home: Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurements
		Data on near-surface internal ice layers will be used to estimate the average, recent accumulation rate, while the deeper layers provide a history of past snow accumulation and flow rates.
		Understanding the interactions between the ice sheets, oceans, and atmosphere is essential to quantifying the role of ice sheets in sea level rise.
		PRISM (Polar Radar for Ice Sheet Measurement) is based at the University of Kansas Center for Research in Lawrence, Kansas.
	ku-prism.org (747 words)

	Polar Ice Cap Gifts
		Polar Ice Cap gift image 1 - catalog reference ren0001
		Related topics: summer, summer holiday, summer holidays, beach, beaches, penguin, penguins, ice, ice cap, ice caps, polar ice cap, polar ice caps, global warming, pollution, pole, poles, north pole, south pole, endangered species, protest, protests,
		Copyright in this image is owned by the original artist, rights to reproduce or use the image may be obtained from www.CartoonStock.com.
	www.cartoonstock.com /directory/p/polar_ice_cap_gifts.asp (491 words)

	Polar Ice Caps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thanks Jordan, Areas where it is cold most of the time, like the poles, the tops of high mountains, and places like Greenland get snowfall most of the year and have temperatures below freezing most of the year.
		It is just plain very cold at the poles most of the year, so even sea water stays frozen at the North pole, and the snow and ice do not melt on Antarctica.
		The North pole has been a bit warmer the past 15 years, so the ice has thinned there to about half of what it was 25 years ago.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/env99/env141.htm (278 words)

	Snow cleats, ice cleats - winter traction for your shoes or boots - made in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Handmade in Canada, Polar Cleats (patent pending) are studded snow cleats that can be fitted on almost any size boots & shoes for winter walking.
		Studded treads for winter traction on ice for your shoes and boots.
		Polar Cleats© are cleats that slip over almost any shoe or boot for maximum traction on snow and ice.
	www.polarcleats.com (107 words)

	NOVA Online \| Warnings from the Ice \| Stories in the Ice
		You could see what the world was like when ice sheets a thousand feet thick blanketed Canada and northern Europe, or when the Indonesian volcano Toba blew its top in the largest volcanic eruption of the last half million years.
		The long cylinders of ancient ice that they retrieve provide a dazzlingly detailed record of what was happening in the world over the past several ice ages.
		That's because each layer of ice in a core corresponds to a single year--or sometimes even a single season--and most everything that fell in the snow that year remains behind, including wind-blown dust, ash, atmospheric gases, even radioactivity.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/warnings/stories (237 words)

	Martian Polar Ice Cap \| Solar System \| AVA \| Resources \| Hayden Planetarium
		The first image corresponds to early spring in the Northern Hemisphere when the polar ice cap extends to about 60 degrees north latitude.
		The second image was taken in mid-spring and shows a smaller ice cap resulting from increasing atmospheric warming.
		The final image from early summer on Mars shows a vastly reduced polar cap; much of the carbon dioxide ice has sublimated, revealing the terrain beneath.
	haydenplanetarium.org /resources/ava/page/index.php?file=P0417marspole (320 words)

	USATODAY.com - Understanding polar ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Antarctic ice seen from an LC-130 in January 1999.
		Sea ice floats on the Arctic Ocean and on the southernmost parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans around Antarctica.
		The answer is "yes." Polar ice has always been melting, even during the deepest part of the ice ages.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/resources/coldscience/iceexplore.htm (320 words)

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