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Topic: Polar low

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	Polar low - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polar lows are similar in behavior and size to tropical cyclones, although generally much shorter lived.
		Polar lows are typically several hundred kilometres in diameter, generally have strong winds (although generally not at hurricane intensity) and last one to two days on average.
		Occlusions from mature synoptic-scale lows are a favoured mechanism between the British Isles and southern Greenland, while primary polar lows are generally confined to the area north of Iceland across to the Barents Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polar_low (4108 words)

	Polar low boven zuidelijke Noordzee
		Aanvankelijk viel het nog niet mee om tot een sluitende definitie te komen van een polar low.
		Het polar low is van al deze depressies in de koude lucht het felst en gevaarlijkst, maar desondanks, - of misschien wel juist daardoor, - het meest geliefd bij veel meteorologen en weerliefhebbers.
		Het oog van het polar low van 30 januari was in de ochtend boven de Noordzee zichtbaar op satellietbeelden ; na wisselwerking van de depressie met het land van Oost-Engeland, werd het oog snel minder markant.
	www.keesfloor.nl /artikelen/zenit/polarlow/index.htm (1296 words)

	Polar Low Forecasting
		Polar low vortex formation can typically be seen as an organization of convective clouds into a more circular pattern with a dry slot appearing near the center of circulation.
		The spiraliform signature is characterized by bands of convective cloud elements curving inward towards the polar low’s center of circulation and marking development of the low beyond the cyclogenesis phase.
		A cloud-free or nearly cloud-free eye is a characteristic trait of mature polar low, indicating the presence of a low-level warm core within the low and potentially strong surface wind conditions.
	meted.ucar.edu /norlat/snow/polarlows/3.2_sat.htm (1405 words)

	High-resolution numerical simulation of a polar low
		The first high-resolution simulation of an observed polar low using a non-hydrostatic mesoscale numerical model with 2-km horizontal resolution is reported.
		The simulation successfully reproduced the observed features of the polar low such as its horizontal scale, movement, spiral bands, a cloud-free eye, and cloud streets associated with the cold air outbreak.
		Detailed three-dimensional structures of the simulated polar low, which are difficult to observe by in situ measurement, have been clarified and its development mechanism is discussed.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2002GL014736.shtml (180 words)

	Polar low -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Polar lows are similar in behavior and size to (Click link for more info and facts about tropical cyclones) tropical cyclones, although generally much shorter lived.
		They generally form under cold upper-level lows when cold (A waterproof overshoe that protects shoes from water or snow) arctic air flows over a warm body of water.
		On (Man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon) satellite imagery Polar Lows appear very similar to hurricanes with an eye and convective bands wrapping the storm in the counter-clockwise fashion.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Polar_low.htm (184 words)

	Initial Polar magnetic field experiment observations of the low-altitude polar magnetosphere:
		Polar orbit segments projected on noon-midnight meridian in the solar magnetic (SM) coordinates for the three perigee passes in Figure 2: (a) March 25, 1996, (b) May 1, 1996, and (c) April 8, 1996.
		From top to bottom in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are the magnetic latitude of the Polar spacecraft, the eastward magnetic field residuals in field-aligned coordinates, and the residuals in the magnetic field strength, respectively.
		Figure 5 shows the residual of magnetic field strength over the polar cap as a function of Dst due to the ring current and demonstrates that the magnetic field associated with the ring current accounts completely for the residual of magnetic field strength seen in the low-altitude polar region.
	www-ssc.igpp.ucla.edu /personnel/russell/papers/Initial_Polar (3181 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The formation of two polar lows over the Gulf of Alaska are studied, using observations taken during the OCEAN STORMS field experiment.
		Indirect evidence suggests that a Sawyer-Eliassen secondary circulation was present; polar low development occurred in the region of a frontogenetical geostrophic deformation.
		Convective activity was not prominent during the growth phase of the polar lows, as determined from satellite imagery and radar reflectivity measurements.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /pubs/1991abs/1161.html (235 words)

	A CASE STUDY OF A POLAR LOW OVER THE JAPAN SEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Polar lows are intense meso-scale cyclones generated in the polar airmass and formed over the high latitude oceans in winter.
		Although satellite images are available to investigate the life history of this polar low, it is difficult both to document the large-scale environment in which the polar low developed and to judge its intensity from mere satellite images.
		Fig.7 Warm core structure of the polar low at 00 UTC on 27 February, 1996.
	sol.oc.ntu.edu.tw /aot/1997/362/E362B1h.html (3250 words)

	[No title]
		C. The polar Low (the circumpolar vortex center) The surface polar High is replaced by a Low at the 700 mb and higher levels because the cold air is associated with an upper level low (lower thickness).
		In winter, the low center moves, with increasing height, from the oceans (eg Iceland) to the eastern boreal continents (E. Siberia, E Canada) (2).
		The polar front extends to the ground surface from the jet core [observations indicate that front is weak above ~800 mb and below the tropause fold] (10).
	www-das.uwyo.edu /~geerts/atsc5160/gen_circ.doc (1651 words)

	CPC - Stratosphere: Winter Bulletins
		Temperatures observed were sufficiently low within the polar vortex for chemical destruction of ozone on polar stratospheric cloud particles.
		Low temperatures contribute to the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs).
		The polar vortex during the winter of 1996-97 was very stable, and persisted through the end of March, with no substantial stratospheric warming in the lower and middle stratosphere.
	www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov /products/stratosphere/winter_bulletins/nh_96-97 (1892 words)

	U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star (WAGB-10) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star (WAGB-10), commissioned in 1976,was built by Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company ofSeattle, Washington along with her sister ship USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11).These two icebreakers are the only polar icebreakers in the U.S.fleet.
		Polar Star and Polar Sea operate under the control of Pacific Area and coordinate their operations through the Ice Operations Section.
		Polar Star has sufficient hull strength to absorb the high-poweredice ramming common to her operations.
	www.uscg.mil /pacarea/pstar/pstar.html (656 words)

	Polar low - TheBestLinks.com - Satellite, Arctic, Tropical cyclones, ...
		Polar low - TheBestLinks.com - Satellite, Arctic, Tropical cyclones,...
		Polar Lows are typically several hundred kilometers in diameter, generally have strong winds (although generally not at hurricane intensity) and last one to two days on average.
		On satellite imagery Polar Lows appear very similar to hurricanes with an eye and convenctive bands wrapping the storm in the counter-clockwise fashion.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Polar_low.html (193 words)

	THE TOP 5 REASONS POLAR AREAS ARE COLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Temperatures in the polar areas are much warmer in the summer as compared to the frigid winter.
		When the sun is near the horizon as it is in polar areas, more solar radiation is scattered and reflected by the atmosphere than when the sun is more directly overhead.
		It is low sun angle that makes the tropospheric length longer, reflection higher, the air colder (thus less water vapor) and the daylight hours fewer in winter.
	www.theweatherprediction.com /habyhints/281 (552 words)

	BBC - Weather Centre - Weather A-Z - Polar Lows and the Weather By Bill Giles OBE
		Polar Lows or Polar depressions have been called Arctic Hurricanes because they often look very similar to their tropical cousins when seen on a satellite picture, and they also bring some very intense weather.
		Polar lows are small depressions or cyclones, generally just a few hundred miles across, that form in the cold arctic waters often on the western side of a large decaying depression.
		Because of the time of year much of the precipitation from these polar lows is in the form of snow, and as they move rapidly down from the north and reach landfall over the northern parts of the British Isles, we end up with heavy falls of snow and gale force winds giving blizzard conditions.
	www.bbc.co.uk /weather/features/az/alphabet47.shtml (500 words)

	Polar low-speed solar wind reappeared at the solar activity maximum of cycle 23
		Comparing the distribution of solar wind velocity with the computed coronal magnetic structures, we found that the polar-low speed streams at the north polar regions appeared just before the polar open fields were about to disappear.
		The actual existence of the calculated polar open fields was confirmed in the coronal hole maps from the He I 10830 Å absorption line, 195 Å Fe XII emission line, and white-light images.
		This situation is very similar to the polar low-speed streams observed at the previous solar activity maximum of cycle 22.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002GL016347.shtml (245 words)

	POLAR EXPLORATION
		In other words, the microphone has polarity, since a positive pressure on the front of the microphone moves the diaphragm in the opposite direction to a positive pressure at the rear: the two lobes of the polar pattern are of opposite polarity.
		Check out the published polar response plots and try moving across the front of the mic whilst listening to its output to establish how tight or broad the useful working area is. It is also important to listen to the character of the mic with off-axis sounds.
		If you find the image wanders, or certain parts of the frequency spectrum (sibilants of low frequency usually) appear to come from somewhere other than the centre, the chances are that the microphones do not have identical polar responses at all frequencies, and are therefore not suitable for coincident stereo applications.
	www.sospubs.co.uk /sos/sep00/articles/direction.htm (3816 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A polar low over the Bering Sea on 7 March 1977, described by Businger and Baik (1991) as an "arctic hurricane", is investigated using observations and MM5.
		Observations show that the low formed near the ice edge in a region of moderate low-level baroclinicity and cold air advection when an upper-level trough, rotating around a cold low over Siberia, advanced into the region.
		The polar low lies at the end of the spectrum of extratropical cyclogenesis in which concurrent surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat and the immediately ensuing condensation heating in organized convection dominate the development of the low-level anomaly.
	uswrp.mmm.ucar.edu /sem/bresch.html (266 words)

	Information about Deborah Hanley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Polars lows are intense cyclonic systems that form poleward of major jet streams or frontal zones and are mainly convective in nature.
		The operational (100km) version of the Canadian Regional Finite Element Model was used to simulate a polar low that occurred in the Labrador Sea on January 11, 1989.
		The conceptual model showed that the polar low was generated in a region of lee troughing from the mountains of Baffin Island and Labrador and the incipient surface low was triggered by an upper-level short-wave.
	www.phys.ocean.dal.ca /people/as/Hanley_Debbie.html (309 words)

	General Circulation
		C. The polar Low (the circumpolar vortex center) The surface polar High is replaced by a Low at the 700 mb and higher levels because the cold air is associated with an upper level low (the hydrostatic equation).
		The low-level cold air in the north establishes an upper-level polar Low.
		The polar front extends to the ground surface from the jet core.
	www.csun.edu /~hcgeg004/circulation.html (1396 words)

	Polar Publications
		Polar publication lists have been maintained since the beginning of the mission by the instrument teams.
		Chi, P.J., C.T.Russell, J.Raeder, E.Zesta, K.Yumoto, H.Kawano, K.Kitamura, S.M.Petrinec, V.Angelopoulos, G.Le, and M.B.Moldwin, Propagation of the preliminary reverse impulse of sudden commencements to low latitudes, J. Geophys.
		Kawano, H., G.Le, C.T.Russell, G.Rostoker, M.Brittnacher, and G.K.Parks, Polar observations of a substorm in the polar magnetosphere, J. Geophys.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /polar/publications.shtml (16455 words)

	POLAR LOW - Weather Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Due to the very cold environment of a Polar Low most of the precipitation is falling as snow.
		Max wind occurs where relative motion of the Polar Low is in same direction as the wind direction.
		Because of the strong winds and the low air temperature, spray may freeze on the superstructure of a boat.
	www.zamg.ac.at /docu/Manual/SatManu/CMs/PL/weather.htm (270 words)

	A CASE STUDY OF POLAR LOW OVER THE JAPAN SEA ------ 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Following the results of the analysis of a typical polar low event that occurred on February 26, 1996 over the Japan Sea, the JSM (Japan Spectral Model) was used to simulate the development of this polar low event.
		Based on the detailed JSM outputs, the evolution and structure of this polar low is discussed in two stages, corresponding to the initial and mature stages.
		This is mainly due to the relatively coarse resolution of the most models (as compared to the small scale of the polar low), to a lack of detailed initial conditions, and to the incomplete parameterization schemes used for boundary layer and convective processes.
	sol.oc.ntu.edu.tw /aot/1998/371/E3715k.html (3597 words)

	Cotton Library Subject Index
		The structure of a subsynoptic-scale cyclone (polar low) that formed along the east Greenland ice edge during the 1989 Coordinated Eastern Arctic Research Experiment (CEAREX) is described using NOAA WP-3D research aircraft and satellite observations.
		Polar lows are intense subsynoptic-scale cyclones that form over high-latitude oceans in association with deep cumulus convection and strong ambient baroclinicity
		A polar low that developed over the western Bering Sea on 7 March 1977 and tracked across St. Paul Island is investigated using observations and the Penn State Univ.-NCAR model (MM5).
	rams.atmos.colostate.edu /cgi-bin/library/displaysubjects.pl?54 (350 words)

	CONTINENTAL POLAR AIR MASS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The polar airmass has low dewpoints, cold temperatures and a high degree of stability.
		Precipitation in association with cP air is usually light due to the dryness and low moisture capacity of the air.
		The dewpoints remain low but the temperature of this airmass increases when moving South due to the following: warmer soil temperature, a shallower airmass, higher sun angles and a lack of surface snow cover.
	www.theweatherprediction.com /habyhints/89 (232 words)

	POLAR LOW - Key Parameters
		A Polar Low normally starts to develop in the synoptic situation where there is a surface trough ahead of a trough at 500 hPa height contours.
		By definition Polar Lows are accompanied by fields of strong winds with velocities exceeding 27kt/14 m/s.
		The strongest winds are normally to be found at the position where the relative motion of the polar low is in the same direction as the actual wind.
	www.zamg.ac.at /docu/Manual/SatManu/CMs/PL/key.htm (647 words)

	Sorted Nitric Oxide
		The data are sorted in geographic coordinates for equatorial latitudes and in geomagnetic coordinates for polar latitues.
		The data are first separated by date, taking only the spring and fall equinoxes in 1982 through 1985, and the spring equinox of 1986.
		Finally, the data are averaged resulting in profiles for the equatorial and polar regions.
	lasp.colorado.edu /sme/sorted.html (210 words)

	A Brief History of Magnetospheric Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At low altitudes, only cosmic rays were detected; then as the satellite rose the recorded counting rate increased up to the highest it could record, and it stayed pegged there for a while.
		A special region is the polar cusp, the region inside the high-latitude dayside magnetopause which separates field lines that close near the "nose" of the magnetosphere from those swept into the tail.
		When the flow pattern of Figure 5a is mapped along field lines to the polar ionosphere, it produces a two-cell flow pattern, with plasma streaming nightwards across the pole and returning to the day side at lower latitudes, with flow lines similar to the contours in Figure 5b.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Educatcc/Sconct20.htm (17989 words)

	KNMI: Sneeuwstoring (polar low) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Vooral wanneer in de noordelijke stroming een lagedrukgebiedje meetrekt, een âpolar lowâ genaamd, kan er een dik pak sneeuw vallen.
		Een polar low is een klein venijnig lagedrukgebied tot grote hoogte gevuld met ijskoude lucht.
		Ondanks de zachtere winters zijn er de laatste jaren enkele polar lows op Nederland afgekomen die plaatselijk 10 tot 20 cm achterlieten.
	www.knmi.nl /VinkCMS/explained_subject_detail.jsp?id=19470 (385 words)

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