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Topic: Polarised light

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	Polarization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When considering light that is propagating parallel to the surface of the Earth, the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" polarization are often used, with the former being associated with the first component of the Jones vector, or zero azimuth angle.
		Mueller matrices are frequently used to study the effects of the scattering of waves from complex surfaces or ensembles of particles.
		Many animals are apparently capable of perceiving the polarization of light, which is generally used for navigational purposes, since the linear polarization of sky light is always perpendicular to the direction of the sun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polarisation (3951 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The plane of polarisation of light emitted by the first light-emitting region may be substantially parallel to the plane of polarisation of light emitted by the second light- emitting region.
		The plane of polarisation of the light emitted by the emitter layer 22 is at 90° to the plane of polarisation of light emitted by the emitter layer 26 of the second EL element 24.
		Light incident on the device from above is plane-polarised by the polariser 69, and is converted to circularly polarised light as a result of its passage through the retarder 71 and the liquid crystal layer 60.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/36881.000622&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8089 words)

	Quantum Seeing in the Dark
		Light from the sun and other typical sources generally vibrates in all directions, but here we are concerned mostly with vertical and horizontal polarisations.
		At the polarising beam splitter, all horizontally polarised light is transmitted, and all vertically polarised light is reflected; in essence, the transmission and reflection choices are analogous to the two paths in the double-slit experiment.
		In those regions where the object blocked the light path, a few of the photons would be absorbed; the rest would have their polarisations trapped in the horizontal state.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/seedark.html (4841 words)

	Fresnel equations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fraction of the intensity of incident light that is reflected from the interface is given by the reflection coefficient R, and the fraction refracted by the transmission coefficient T.
		If the light is polarised with the electric field of the light perpendicular to the plane of the diagram above (s-polarised), the reflection coefficient is given by:
		The reflection and transmission coefficients correspond to the ratio of the intensity of the incident ray to that of the reflected and transmitted rays.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fresnel_equations (547 words)

	3178p
		Polarised sunglasses are made to allow through only vertically polarised light, thus reducing reflection and glare.
		Polarised sunglasses can be of benefit to drivers in that they filter bright sun reflections on the vehicle ahead and road surfaces, attenuating the dazzle significantly.
		This horizontally polarised light is blocked by the vertically oriented polarizers in the lenses.
	www.seekkie.com /splinter/product_web/Sunglasses/3178p.htm (540 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The fast'component (that is the component of the light signal that is leading the corresponding component having the opposite polarisation) passes through an active group-delay element arranged in the first optical path, whilst the other passes though a fixed delay (that is, the second optical path has a fixed path length).
		The polarisation of light output from the compensation device is monitored by a monitor 65 and the moveable mirror 60 is moved so that path length traversed by the polarisation component that is reflected by the mirror 60 is the correct length to cancel out the effects of DGD.
		Of course, the light signal is a pulse comprising a spread of wavelengths.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/30410.030410&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6327 words)

	Minerals under the Microscope: Earth Sciences: University of Bristol
		Light travels as electro-magnetic vibrations in which the vibration direction is transverse to the direction of propagation.
		Light from the sun is unpolarised but when it reflects off a surface it becomes partly polarised as shown opposite.
		In between the four extinction positions some light will always pass through the analyser because the light passing through the crystal utilises both vibration directions, neither of which is normal to the vibration direction of the analyser.
	www.gly.bris.ac.uk /www/teach/opmin/mins.html (2153 words)

	Readings - Light: Colour
		When the light from the clouds and sky is reflected off the surface of water (or any other shiny transparent surface) to form the reflection you see, the reflected electromagnetic waves only vibrate from side to side (or horizontally).
		Thus, light from the surface of the pond cannot pass through the lens of the sunglasses because it is polarised horizontally, not vertically.
		Because light travels in straight lines at a fixed speed, lasers are used by architects and builders to measure distances and to get buildings level and in the correct positions.
	www.curriculum.edu.au /sciencepd/readings/ligh_what.htm (1076 words)

	The Hindu : Harnessing polarised light to create quantum memory
		In the experiment, designed by Gao Hong, a post-doctoral student in Batelaan's lab, 20-microsecond pulses of polarised light were beamed into a tubular, 4-cm-long cell containing rubidium vapour, where the pulses were captured before being released intact.
		Light normally moves through space at about 186,000 miles per second and a microsecond is one-millionth of a second, so a 20-microsecond light pulse normally would be about 3.72 miles long.
		But if you ask my guess, light is definitely going to play a major role, and some medium that can store the information, some material such as the rubidium that can talk to the light, is going to play a role.
	www.hindu.com /seta/2003/11/06/stories/2003110600090200.htm (711 words)

	The Identification of Crystals in Arthritic Synovial Fluid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Complex physical principles underly the use of the polarised light microscope for crystal identification; the following paragraphs are a simplification and summary of the practical application of the technique for the detection and identification of MSUM and CPPD in SF.
		In polarised light microscopy, use is made of the crystals' physical properties both to detect and identify the crystals more easily.
		Compensated polarised light microscopy utilises the birefringent properties of SF crystals to facilitate identification (Figure 5B).
	www.eular.org /synovial/a_01.htm (533 words)

	Fish & Fly - 04/03 - Fishing glasses
		Polarised lenses work by blocking light that is reflected horizontally by river, lake or sea.
		But light reflected by water starts to align, or polarise, horizontally and in high concentrations which causes glare and discomfort to your eyes when the concentration is very high.
		Polarised glass lenses are hand made and the polarising filter is thicker than that used with plastic lenses.
	www.fishandfly.co.uk /tledit0403.html (1202 words)

	An eight-legged boy scout
		Ms Dacke and her supervisor were studying the spider in an attempt to understand its miraculous powers of navigation: how it manages to wander around the open habitats where it lives, foraging for food, and yet return and correctly identify its own silk nest, spun under one of a multitude of rocks.
		Ordinary light possesses electric and magnetic fields which vibrate in all directions perpendicular to the direction in which the ray of light is travelling.
		If you were lucky enough to have an eye which could detect polarised light, you might be able to work out your position relative to the sun by shifting around to see how the intensity of the signal varies.
	arachnophiliac.co.uk /burrow/news/eight-legged-boy-scout.htm (1017 words)

	News in Science - Beetles walk backwards by the light of the moon - 04/07/2003
		The researchers had suspected the beetles were using polarised moonlight when they noticed that on overcast nights beetles made very erratic paths, compared to the straight lines they made when the moon was shining.
		Light from the sky is most strongly polarised at sunset and sunrise and it is the polarised pattern formed around the setting Sun which the backwards-walking African dung beetles use to keep their bearings during the day.
		The light filter changed the polarity of the light by 90 degrees, and the beetles responded by making a right-angled turn in either direction.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s892856.htm (531 words)

	Polarisation : Summary
		In the case of light waves, this plane is taken to be the plane of the oscillating electric field.
		Light can be polarised by a number of different methods.
		In the latter case, the incident beam must be reflected at the polarising angle (the Brewster angle) to be 100 % polarised.
	scholar.hw.ac.uk /site/physics/topic12.asp?outline= (283 words)

	Twilight orientation to polarised light in the crepuscular dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus -- Dacke et al. 206 (9): ...
		Twilight orientation to polarised light in the crepuscular dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus -- Dacke et al.
		Twilight orientation to polarised light in the crepuscular dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus
		the DRA is an adaptation to polarised light orientation.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/9/1535 (5032 words)

	plane polarised light
		This page gives a simple explanation of what plane polarised light is and the way it is affected by optically active compounds.
		if you shine a beam of polarised monochromatic light (light of only a single frequency - in other words a single colour) through a solution of an optically active substance, when the light emerges, its plane of polarisation is found to have rotated.
		It rotates the plane of polarisation of the light, and so the analyser won't be at right-angles to it any longer and some light will get through.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /basicorg/isomerism/polarised.html (644 words)

	diyAudio Forums - recycle lost light?
		One method is to use a semi transparent 45 degree mirror in the input light path with a polariser.
		One linearly polarized component of the light is transmitted by the PBS cube and directed to the LCD panel, while the orthogonal component is reflected away in a perpendicular direction.
		As a result, both the reflected light and the light entering the water become polarized, which simply means that one direction of vibration of the electrical field dominates.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=59994 (1717 words)

	Actulite Polarised Natural Lighting: welcome
		This 'feel good' factor is induced by the quality of light that we experience in that situation, and the primary cause of this light is the polarisation of the sun's rays by the earth's atmosphere.
		When the light from a high light temperature source passes through the Actulite patented multi layer light polarising panel, the result is soothing glare free polarised light.
		We have a specific page on the benefits of polarised light, and also some information on how to specify our products if you are an architect, and how to use our products if you are a contractor or lighting wholesaler.
	www.actulite.com (589 words)

	DoITPoMS TLP - Optical Microscopy and Specimen Preparation - Polarised light
		Light passing through a polariser is modified so that the light transmitted vibrates in only one direction - this is polarised light.
		If light is polarised in one direction and then passed through a polariser at a different angle to the original polariser, only the component of the polarised light which is in the same direction as the new polariser will be transmitted.
		When white light is used, anisotropic crystals may appear coloured when viewed between crossed polars, due to interference effects between rays emerging from the analyser.
	www.msm.cam.ac.uk /doitpoms/tlplib/CD1/pmicroscopy.php (729 words)

	Techniques for Examining Growth Marks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Examination of un-decalcified, ground thin-sections under polarised light is an excellent technique for investigating the structural and histological differences between growth layers in cement and bone, which appear as contrasting patterns of dark and light according to the orientation of the fibrillar and mineral component.
		Light is refracted into two emergent beams which, in the case of apatite crystals and collagen fibres, are orientated 1) parallel to the long axis of the collagen fibre and 2) perpendicular to that axis.
		Etching with acid reveals the structure of the tissue, resulting in a pattern of ridges and troughs which corresponds to the pattern of bright and dark increments seen under polarised light and the pattern of more and less chromophile bands seen in stained histological sections.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/anthropology/thin_section/techniqu.html (799 words)

	Polaroid sunglasses let astronomers take a closer look at Black Holes
		This scattered light can cleverly be picked up by looking through a polaroid filter just like the lens of polaroid sunglasses, which essentially blocks the unwanted light from elsewhere in the galaxy.
		The scattered light is polarised so the light waves all line up in the same direction and can pass through the Polaroid filter, but light from the surrounding area which is not polarised is excluded by the filter.
		Until now, without using Polaroid filters, we couldn't separate the visible light from the fl hole from the light coming from a much larger region about 100 light-days across." To put this in context, the galaxies surrounding the fl holes are about 30,000 light years across.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/ppa-psl110904.php (579 words)

	Amazon.com: Polarised Light in Science & Nature: Books: J. D. Pye (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We humans cannot see when light is polarised and this leads to unfortunate misapprehensions about this aspect of nature.
		Offers readers a chance to overcome the myth that polarized light is difficult to understand, explaining how it works, why certain phenomena occur, and how the animal kingdom makes use of the detection and analysis of polarized light.
		Polarised light is quite simply light in which the waves are all vibrating in one fixed direction.
	www.spinics.net /am/0750306734 (683 words)

	Haidinger's brush: the unknown sense
		The way of distinguishing between circular polarized light and slanted linearly polarized light is, of course, to lean the head sidewise and note if the brush is fixed with respect to the source of light or to the eyes.
		The effect is weak and to perceive it the light should have a good degree of polarization (at least of 60%).
		The Haidinger's brush for circularly polarized light is identical to the one for linearly polarized light but most reports I have seen claim that it is considerably more difficult to see.
	www.polarization.com /haidinger/haidinger.html (1697 words)

	Polariscope - Clay
		If either of the planes of polarisation of the light in the crystal happens to coincide with the plane of polarisation of the incident light, of course there will be only one ray in the crystal.
		The refractive index of carbon bisulphide is 1.67, and the critical angles are 83° and 62° respectively for yellow light.
		Examine each of the beams, the transmitted and reflected, with a nicol, and see that they are polarised in planes perpendicular to one another, the ordinary ray being polarised in the principal plane, which is the plane of incidence, since the optic axis coincides with the normal.
	www.humboldt.edu /~scimus/Instruments/NorPol-Clay/POL-Clay.html (2922 words)

	What is Polarised Light (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Normal light from the sun or microscope lamps vibrates in all directions perpendicular to the axis in which the light travels.
		If this polarised light is passed through a polaroid filter only light vibrating in one plane is transmitted.
		If this polarised light is then passed through a second piece of polaroid filter which has been orientated so that the polarised plane is parallel to that of the first filter, the polarised light is transmitted.
	www.digiscope.eu.com /handheld_microscope/polarised.html (372 words)

	MICROSCOPY UK / MICSCAPE Technicolour Nature - polarised light microscopy
		I hope the attractive images of crystals under polarised light in the last article encouraged those unfamiliar with the technique to try it.
		A number of the early Victorian microscope slides of crystals for polarised light use chemicals that are now hard for the amateur to obtain, and in many cases use toxic or harmful chemicals such as thallium, barium, mercury and lead salts.
		An excellent introduction to the practical and theoretical aspects of microscopy (including polarised light) at a level suitable for the beginner.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/articles/poldw2.html (1425 words)

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