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Topic: Polarization (politics)

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	washingtonpost.com: The Politics of Polarization
		This polarization is highlighted in the job approval ratings of the presidents during the past 60 years when these ratings are broken down by party.
		During the terms of Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter, the average difference between the approval rating of voters from the president's own party and those from voters for the opposition was about 30 percentage points.
		Although overall the president is well liked and has strong approval ratings, the base vote of the opposition party does not see things the same way that the rest of the country does -- and Tom Daschle, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi and other prominent Democratic leaders find it difficult not to respond to their base.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A59782-2002Dec15?language=printer (743 words)

	2418. Polarization, Politics, and Property Rights: Links between Inequality and Growth
		One strand of research argues that polarized societies find it difficult to reach political consensus on appropriate responses to crises.
		Keefer and Knack analyze the effects of inequality in the broader context of social polarization.
		They argue that social polarization, whether rooted in income inequality or in ethnic tension, makes large changes in current policies (including those guaranteeing the security of contract and property rights) more likely under a wide range of institutional arrangements.
	wbln0018.worldbank.org /research/workpapers.nsf/(allworkingpapers)/02F8717D34258C1E8525693B006E379A?OpenDocument (325 words)

	http://www.qando.net/ - Politicians, Parties, Polarization and Partisanship
		To begin to fix the problems of polarization and partisanship, political parties must first recognize the importance of rising above both and striving toward a national comity which makes a priority of working with their political rivals on issues of importance to all Americans.
		It is going to require farsighted political leadership which recognizes the importance of working for the good of the country instead of the good of the party.
		Political power maybe, It seam more likely that it is the BIG MONEY one can make as a politician or feeding off a politician or a politicians campaign.
	www.qando.net /details.aspx?Entry=3451 (4296 words)

	The Polarization of American Political Parties and Mistrust of Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The politics of polarization is the politics of mistrust.
		Political scientists, however, may instinctively suspect that polarization is an irrational strategy for party elites running the parties.
		Political scientists are nowhere near a consensus on the causes of split-ticket voting, and professor Fiorina's balancing hypothesis has met with considerable resistance.
	www.ksg.harvard.edu /prg/king/polar.htm (9110 words)

	Free Essay Polarization in the Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Political Advertisements and the Decline and Polarization of the Electorate
		In politics this can be seen as the predilection towards making statements for short term political gain that are either nonsensical or contradictory to past positions held by the candidates themselves.
		While I do tend to lean towards the Democratic side of the political spectrum (this is undoubtedly what brought Pete Wilson to my attention in the first place), I examine Governor Wilson because he is such a prime example of both polarization and pandering in the competitive pursuit of power.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=26748 (2426 words)

	America's Debate -> Polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		British politics in the early 1980s was equally if not more polarised than the current situation in America - in spite (or perhaps because of) this, Margaret Thatcher was able to transform Britain as an economy and a nation.
		Polarization is a way to sharpen your differences that becomes more important as real differences become smaller and smaller.
		Now, maybe the public's newfound interest in politics is a correlative of 9/11 and the war in Iraq, in which case you could certainly make the case that it's symptomatic of a darker-than-usual period in American life.
	www.americasdebate.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=7358 (4640 words)

	A Lebanese Abroad: Polarization of Lebanese Politics
		The current political process discourages the rise of a real national political leader that is mutually respected by all sects, religions and regions, because as soon as one person starts to become popular across religions and begins to unite others, the other camps start to attack him since he is not from their own “club”.
		Yes, the situation was very polarized during the elections, but right after that stage, the rhetoric was toned down and politicians were starting to meet and talk about the next steps.
		Our job is to of course be critical of what's going on with regards to politics, but also try to focus on the positive, on the prospects for change, on what is being reformed, etc...
	lebaneseabroad.blogspot.com /2005/07/polarization-of-lebanese-politics.html (1302 words)

	Thinking About Political Polarization
		Nonetheless, there remains reason to explore the nation's supposed political polarization, for not all of it is a fiction.
		Properly defined, polarization of U.S. politics reflects a sorting of political convictions by either the mass public or ruling elites, or both, into roughly two distinct camps: persons inclined to support the Democratic or the Republican parties' policies and candidates for elective office.
		This emphasis posits that, at bottom, it is the political class—elected officials, political professionals, the party faithful, issue advocates, talking heads, as distinct from the electorate at large—that is the troublemaker.
	www.brookings.edu /comm/policybriefs/pb139.htm (3281 words)

	Guilford Chapter Excerpt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The polarization literature approaches difference in a way that sees it as primarily economic (no matter how much it may be associated with interesting cultural and ethnic dimensions), as distinguishing groups that are relatively internally homogeneous and structurally defined by contemporary processes of capital accumulation.
		While urbanists and political economists concentrate upon the increasing social and economic polarization of society into two or three groups defined by their own internal, structurally designated sameness, other social and political theorists are writing in another vein about difference.
		A politics of difference lays down institutional and ideological means for recognizing and affirming differently identifying groups in two basic senses: giving political representation to groups' interests and celebrating the distinctive cultures and characteristics of different groups.
	www.guilford.com /cgi-bin/cartscript.cgi?page=excerpts/fincherEX.html&cart_id=612191.28223 (3943 words)

	Culture War Casualties: Polarization in US politics Reflects the Huge Rift that has Emerged over Individual Lifestyle ...
		Welcome to the culture wars - the daily indicators that the polarization in US politics has both spawned and is being fed by a huge cultural rift that extends from the airwaves to the altar and from the bookshelves to the bedroom.
		The result is a dislocated and at times dysfunctional national political culture, where people share a political and cultural space (everyone gets to vote for the president and watch network television) but few common reference points in their daily lives.
		We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
	www.commondreams.org /views04/0405-12.htm (1284 words)

	Predictions Database
		Politics will always pop up in for a that are organized around trans-partisan lines, so it may be that there are MORE opportunities for bridging as well as bonding online.
		At the start of the 20th century, competing newspapers had an acknowledged labor or a business or a political point of view and it was typical for people to buy the paper that reinforced their viewpoint.
		The large center of people are not polarized highly in their politics and are open to different perspectives.
	www.elon.edu /predictions/q17.aspx (3824 words)

	Mapping Congress' growing polarization. By Jordan Ellenberg
		Political scientists Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal are not.
		They show that legislatures become more polarized not when individual politicians adopt more extreme views, but when they are unseated by more extreme politicians.
		Polarization, as they put it, is an effect of replacement, not conversion.
	www.slate.com /?id=2060047 (1843 words)

	Red counties and blue counties. By Timothy Noah
		The likelihood that you will ever argue politics with your neighbor is diminishing rapidly, because it's less and less likely that, politically, you and your neighbor will ever disagree.
		Political parties, those laughably decrepit institutions, came back to life during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton.
		But because the Democrats' landslide counties are much likelier to be more populous urban counties, the aggregate number of growing-landslide-county Democrats (15.2 million, or 14 percent of the national vote) comes out roughly the same as the aggregate number of growing-landslide-county Republicans (16.5 million, or 16 percent of the national vote).
	www.slate.com /id/2098387 (1306 words)

	DLC: Beyond Polarization
		The Politics of Polarization, which provides a solidly researched benchmark for where Democrats are today, and need to go to regain majority support in the country.
		The growing polarization has led many pundits and political operatives to believe that swing voters have all but disappeared and that base mobilization is therefore the be-all-and-end-all of contemporary politics.
		One of the most original contributions of The Politics of Polarization is its analysis of how voter concerns on "values" and national security interplay with careful assessments of candidate character, which can create or destroy a "bond of trust" on a wide variety of issues.
	www.dlc.org /ndol_ci.cfm?contentid=253559&kaid=131&subid=192 (732 words)

	The ‘Polarization factor’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In handicapping the emerging field of presidential candidates in both parties, it is wise to look at how they play among members of their own political party as compared to voters in the general electorate.
		Her sky-high ratings among Democrats (82 percent) suggest that she is irresistible in the primaries and a likely bet to win the nomination.
		At the other end of the polarization spectrum is McCain, who draws favorable ratings from 57 percent of independents but only 64 percent from Republicans.
	www.thehill.com /thehill/export/TheHill/Comment/DickMorris/021406.html (648 words)

	How to break the argument habit \| csmonitor.com
		Taking the first step toward a more accurate understanding of our political opponents becomes easier when we grasp that it is not the substance of our differences - neither their content nor their intensity - that polarizes us, but the way in which we express our passionate perspectives.
		Polarization comes less from what we think and feel than from the ways we treat and are treated by those whose views differ strongly from our own.
		However, when we are blinded by the smoke of polarization, we may view an invitation to engage in dialogue as some kind of stealth strategy intended to seduce us into a "compromise." This suspicion is understandable as long as we see the world in terms of fl and white.
	csmonitor.com /2004/1026/p08s01-coop.html (1713 words)

	USNews.com: John Leo: Splitting society, not hairs
		The more polarized American society becomes, the more we see intellectuals explaining that this polarization isn't real--it's just the swordplay of media and political elites.
		He thinks the polarization of the 1960s was much worse, while stridency today is in large part an attention-grabbing strategy adopted by commentators, academics, and advocates.
		This would not seem to account for the upsurge of bitterness and angry rhetoric, though the appearance of two polarizing presidents in succession is clearly a factor.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/opinion/articles/031215/15john.htm (583 words)

	Power Line: An end to polarization?
		If our politics are as polarized as some suppose, then centrists, no matter how prominent, shouldn't be sitting in the pole position for presidential nomination.
		But it would signal a significant diminution of polarization only if the candidate were able to hold onto enough of the base to win the general election.
		This is what is more interesting to me, however: it is clearly true that we are living in an age of polarized politics, but it is not obvious why.
	powerlineblog.com /archives/011494.php (720 words)

	Centerfield: The Politics Of Polarization
		But one thing is clear: the polarization of the parties has created an opportunity for a political leader — from either the center-right or the center-left — to capture the hearts and the votes of the vast legion of moderate voters who are not comfortable calling either party “home.”
		One effect of polarization that might also be present is that it riles the Moorons to denounce any compromise with the right as "Republican-lite" thus making it less likely that a candidate courting the GM vote would win a primary.
		From experience in political demographics and a lotta campaigns, I'd say that the general split falls along the lines of 4 parts moderate to 3 parts conservative to 2 parts liberal to 1 part utterly apathetic.
	www.centristcoalition.com /blog/archives/002557.html (2235 words)

	"How Polarization Sells"
		Political scientist Gary Jacobson of the University of California at San Diego says that members of Congress have “moved further apart [ideologically] than.
		Politics is increasingly a world unto itself, inhabited by people convinced of their own moral superiority: conspicuously, the religious right among Republicans; and upscale liberal elites among Democrats.
		This may be the real polarization: between the true believers on both sides and everyone else.
	home.san.rr.com /prjacoby/polarization_sells.html (740 words)

	Third Way: Third Way Releases Groundbreaking Report: The Politics of Polarization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Politics of Polarization also reveals how Democrats have lost ground among key groups of voters, including married women and Catholics.
		The Politics of Polarization is a work of great importance, and I will be sending it to all of my Democratic colleagues in the Senate and urging them to consider it carefully.”
		The report also unearths a dominant political trend the authors tab as “the great sorting-out” and demonstrates that the current climate of polarization has tilted the national playing field against Democrats.
	www.third-way.com /press/release/9 (761 words)

	The Polarization of Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two former Congressmen will be at the LBJ Library and Museum for a lively discussion on "The Polarization of Politics," an event presented by the Congress to Campus Program at The University of Texas and co-hosted by the LBJ Library Future Forum.
		The evening will begin with an opening discussion of the current state of the political scene - and the polarization within - and a brief historical view of the political parties' role in Congress.
		Theriault has a Ph.D in political science and his research interests are in Congress---specifically lawmaking in the modern Congress and party polarization.
	www.lbjlib.utexas.edu /johnson/Events.hom/polarpolitics.shtm (288 words)

	News: Whitman condemns polarization of national politics: Virginia Law Weekly
		My parents saw politics as a worthy and honorable calling, and a way to make a positive difference at the local, state, and national level.
		Whitman said that the pragmatic center of politics is increasingly being pushed out of mainstream political discussion, even though Americans remain a largely moderate people.
		Whitman said the biggest reason for the current polarization is each party’s strategy of trying to energize their bases rather than appeal to the middle.
	www.lawweekly.org /?module=displaystory&story_id=820&format=html (863 words)

	Donklephant » Blog Archive » Should Bush Fire Rove? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Between the 2000 election and the 2004 election, Rove became the master of polarization politics.
		And now, with this year’s ill-fated experiment in trying to govern from the middle surely over, polarization along ideological and party lines is a fact of life.
		In fact, throwing Rove overboard–dropping the political adviser who has been with Bush during his past comebacks and greatest triumphs–will increase the sense of a White House in disarray and retreat.
	donklephant.com /2005/11/08/should-bush-fire-rove (667 words)

	"Perverse Polarity" by Paul Glastris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It resulted from the extremism of the academic left, which was seeking both radically to change the culture of the campus and, in many cases, to intimidate their critics into silence.
		On the belief that, as Patrick Buchanan once articulated, if the country can be polarized between hard conservatives and hard liberals, the majority of Americans are more likely to take their chances with the former than with the latter.
		They do their cause no good by clinging to the fiction that America's political polarization is equally the fault of both parties.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /features/2004/0406.glastris.html (3345 words)

	Journal of Social History: From Mobilization to Civil War: The Politics of Polarization in the Spanish City of Gijon, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Journal of Social History: From Mobilization to Civil War: The Politics of Polarization in the Spanish City of Gijon, 1900-1937.
		Her maps clearly guide the reader in understanding the fundamental places of urban confrontation which recur throughout the next three decades (although I lament the absence of photographs which would give more life and faces to urban promenades and slums).
		She adds a careful discussion of Restoration politics, identifying elite players in conflicts that follow as well as nascent organizations among industrial workers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_1_33/ai_56027342 (417 words)

	It Ain't Hillary, Stupid - CBS News
		They have struck again with a rather ingenious report called "The Politics of Polarization." Every Republican who wants to fall asleep happy should read it at bedtime.
		Unlike the hyperbolic caricature of polarization peddled by John Edwards' "Two Americas" or pollster Stan Greenberg's book, "The Two Americas", Kamarck and Galston rightly argue that just a fraction of America is really polarized — a fraction that happens to include active partisans and political professionals.
		Dick Meyer was a political and investigative producer for CBS News and is the Editorial Director of CBSNews.com, based in Washington.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/10/14/opinion/meyer/main945229.shtml (898 words)

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