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Topic: Polarstern (Ship)

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	Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mikhail Lermontov (ship) The Mikhail Lermontov was a passenger.
		Passenger ship A passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers.
		Ship burial A ship burial or boat grave is a Vikings and occasionally the Ancient Egyptians.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/ship.html (2233 words)

	Polarstern (Ship). Who is Polarstern (Ship)? What is Polarstern (Ship)? Where is Polarstern (Ship)? Definition of ...
		The Polarstern was put into commission in 1982 and is mainly used for research in the arctic and Antarctica.
		The Polarstern was build by the Howaldtswerke/Deutsche Werft at Kiel and the Werft Nobiskrug at Rendsburg.
		The Polarstern is owned by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut in Bremerhaven, Germany.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Polarstern_(Ship) (72 words)

	AWI: Ships, Stations, Aircraft - Polarstern
		Since she was first commissioned in 1982, the "Polarstern" has completed a total of 27 expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic.
		The ship is equipped for biological, geological, geophysical, glaciological, chemical, oceanographic and meteorological research, and contains nine research laboratories.
		The "Polarstern" is a double-hulled icebreaker operational at temperatures as low as -50 °C, which enables her to overwinter in the ice sheets of the polar seas.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Polar/polarstern.html (258 words)

	Icebreaker - Wikipedia
		For a ship to be considered an icebreaker it requires three components, an ice strengthened hull, an ice clearing shape, and the power to push through.
		The weight of the ship causes the ice to be pushed down which in turn causes the ice to split and break off in chunks.
		Such strengthening was designed to help the ship push through ice and also to protect the ship in case it was "nipped" by the ice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Icebreaker (867 words)

	Ralf Schnurbusch Wilhelmshavener Verlag Polarstern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Polarstern is a German research and supply ship and was built by the Nobiskrug GmbH in Rendsburg.
		The ship is manned with a crew of at most 44, and has work facilities for a further 50 scientists and technicians.
		The model represent the ship in the period of 1.4.1892 and 29.3.1895.
	www.cardmodelers.org /archive/apr03/polar/polar.htm (1053 words)

	Diary of half a Dutchman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Antarctic silence is obscured by the noise of helicopter take-off and landing, the rattling of ski-doos, by screams of chainsaws and the loanmower sound of ice drills.
		The ship’s port side faces the ice shore, attached to it with 4-meter iron bars which were frozen into the ground.
		While Polarstern is drifting with a more fragile flow than anticipated, the time of preparations is over, and I am in good hope to yield interesting findings under the ice in the coming weeks.
	yhermes.texel.com /Polarstern2004_2.html (4323 words)

	A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR COUNTING SEABIRDS AT SEA IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The frequency of snapshot counts is determined by the speed of the ship and the distance viewed ahead, and is chosen in such a way that subsequent snapshots cover the whole transect area during each 10-min count (Gould and Forsell 1989, Tasker et al.
		Ship's speed especially was considered to be a possible, influential factor, because at slower speeds more birds would be expected to fly over the transect band (resulting in a larger BIOMASS/SAST factor) if the distance viewed ahead remains the same.
		Two methods for counting seabirds from ships were compared during a research cruise in the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea in the Southern Ocean (European Polarstern Study 1988/1989--EPOS).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v065n01/p0096-p0108.html (8121 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Polarstern tried to leave Atka Bay but the pressure in the sea ice cover due to the strong easterly winds was too high.
		Polarstern was forced to shut off the engines, and drifted due to continuing strong northeasterly winds passively with the sea ice in the coastal current 140nm to the southwest.
		The main problem of the analysis was to separate between Light Nilas and Grey Ice and to detect refrozen melt ponds at the surface of floes which was observed at the end of the cruise (flight 1-13) after a significant increase of the air temperature caused the snow cover of thinner ice floes to melt.
	www.nodc.noaa.gov /woce_V2/disk02/data/onetime/atlantic/a12/a12doc.txt (10530 words)

	Goethe-Institut - Research and Technology - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The ship, which is 118 meters long and 25 metres wide, features a heated deck, nine laboratories, refrigerated rooms and aquaria in which samples and living marine fauna can be transported.
		Although the Polarstern spends most of its time either in the northernmost or southernmost regions of the globe, its home port is Bremerhaven in Germany, where the icebreaker was launched on 9 December 1982.
		The Polarstern demonstrated its qualities as a freight ship in a particularly impressive manner in 1999 when the "Filchner" research station in the Antarctic had to be recovered: the ship was able to accommodate 120 tonnes of station material and 50 tonnes of transport equipment.
	www.goethe.de /Kug/buw/fut/thm/en586966.htm (925 words)

	Ralf Schnurbusch Wilhelmshavener Verlag Polarstern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This ship is most probably the most beautiful of the Helgoland cruises.
		The ship is still in service today and is takes travelers for day trips from Wilhelmshaven to Helgoland, the German Island in the Northsea.
		The ship is not difficult to build and if you have some experience with ship models can you can built it without understanding the German instructions.
	www.cardmodelers.org /archive/may03/Ralf/Ralf.htm (1040 words)

	CEAREX CD-ROM Documentation File: Meteorology Data
		The ships remained in the same position to form a diamond-shaped pattern across the ice edge during this period.
		Pressure was measured in the ship's laboratory with an accuracy of 2 mb.
		Unfortunately, the ship caused extreme magnetic distortion for certain headings so that there were occasionally considerable errors in the true wind directions between the times when the gyroscope heading was recorded.
	nsidc.org /data/docs/daac/nsidc0020_cearex/meteorology_cd_document.html (6219 words)

	CEAREX Meteorology Data Description Document
		Humidity was measured with a cooled-mirror hygrometer on the bow mast and was accurate to 3 percent relative humidity.
		All the wind speed and direction values for all the ships were corrected for ship motion based on the ship's speed and heading.
		The accuracy of the wind measurements depended on the wind direction relative to the ship; a "sheltering" effect was observed with winds blowing directly from the stern.
	nsidc.org /data/docs/daac/nsidc0020_cearex/meteorology_data_document.html (4139 words)

	Minutes of Second Meeting of Southern Ocean GLOBEC Planning Group
		Huntley said that the ship scheduling issues cannot be resolved by the participants at the meeting and that creative approaches were needed to allow SO GLOBEC to go forward.
		Bathmann agreed with Miller in that three ships were needed and that a single autumn, winter, and spring period must be covered at a minimum.
		Penhale said that the ship schedule for the NBP and the Gould was open for winter 2000 and most of 2001 and that some of this time could be blocked out for SO GLOBEC.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Research/globec/paris/mins.html (5847 words)

	Society History By Topic Maritime Ships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Plans are to use the ship as a sail training ship and goodwill ambassador.
		History of HMS Bounty (today's ship and the original), her crew, romances aboard the ship and the mandate of the Society for Bounty's Future.
		Information on shipping during the 1940s and 1950s, the life and times of coasting vessels, deep sea ships, tankers and seamen.
	www.allin1sports.com /dir.cfm?cat=Society/History/By_Topic/Maritime/Ships (1549 words)

	Magson GmbH - Projects: RV Polarstern
		To conclude from the magnetic field values measured in the ship's coordinate system to the geomagnetic field values, the position of the ship (coures angle, pitch angle, roll angle) has to be know for each measured vector.
		Furthermore a correction matrix is needed to eliminate the permanent and inducted magnetic influence of the ship's body.
		First tests on the Research Vessel Polarstern of the Alfred Wegener Institute show that this method is a suitable approach for geomagnetic measurements.
	www.magson.de /projects/projects3.html (159 words)

	August 29 - Bears at last! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We were also lucky enough to complete an afternoon of work with the Polarstern scientists followed by a very social evening with visits to both ships.
		For further verification of the data, one of Polarstern's two helicopters was launched, towing beneath it the "bird".
		The Polarstern is an old lady, commissioned in 1982, she still works in both the Arctic and the Antarctic.
	www.antarctica.ac.uk /Living_and_Working/Diaries/RRS_James_Clark_Ross/arctic2004/13_43 (1618 words)

	AWI: Polarstern unterwegs
		Our colleagues on board were therefore unable to send an up-to-date photo from on board the ship, so we have taken a photo from the AWI archive.
		She will be providing essential support to "Polarstern" (20,000 h.p.) during its trip through the ice so that the planned research work on the Alpha Ridge can be carried out.
		She breaks through the 2-3 metre thick ice almost playfully, and "Polarstern" follows at a distance of some 300-500 metres.
	www.awi-potsdam.de /AWI/KAH97/Weeklyreports/Polarstern/polarstern-050798-e.html (674 words)

	[No title]
		There, the ship will stay anchored to a floe for the entire period of the project (mid-January).
		For that region, model results of drift trajectories have shown a high probability that the ship will still be within closed pack ice at the completion of measurements.
		At the ice station, the ship has to remain stationary alongside the floe.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /res/fac/physocean/ianzone/ISPOL/ISPOLGL.doc (445 words)

	Cruise Planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Each shipping crate should be well labeled and numbered to indicate ownership and total number of containers shipped.
		Any ship time stemming from diversions for Coast Guard purposes not related to the science mission will not be billed to the funding agency.
		If billed individually, the ship’s cooks will provide monthly mess bills and a final statement on or near the day the science party is to depart ship.
	www.uscg.mil /pacarea/iceops/cpmanual/Sect_6_Cruise_Planning/Sec_6_Cruise_Planning.htm (1585 words)

	Chemical Programme
		The Polarstern with her conditions has been found to be well suited to act as a ‘clean ship’ for the sampling of these trace compounds.
		Contaminations from the ships plume will be eliminated after the cruise according to the PODAS data of wind directions and wind speed relative to the ships course.
		When taking an air sample good care should be taken to minimize the risk of contamination from the ship exhaust and this was quite impossible when the ship stopped and was not kept in the wind.
	coast.gkss.de /internet/polarstern-final.html (2289 words)

	POLARSTERN REPORT
		Generally top predator studies on the Polarstern have been conducted by J. van Franeker (with a focus on seabird abundance and associated cetacean records), and some surveys have included cetacean visual surveys (Pankow and Kock 2000).
		The Polarstern remained working in the survey area until 21 April, and then steamed to the oceanic fast ice edge well to the south of Marguerite Bay (Figures 1 and 2).
		One pair of humpbacks observed on the helicopter flight was confirmed as a biopsied pair from the L M Gould cruise.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Research/globec/intl/germany/pstern_report.htm (1249 words)

	Icebreaker FS Polarstern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is the only icebreaker in the world used as a research ship.
		Its multi-disciplinary research equipment is used to investigate the interactions between water, ice, and atmosphere, ocean currents and winds, marine symbioses, and the ocean floor and deeps.
		The Polarstern also takes supplies to German expeditions and research stations in the north and south polar regions.
	www.informatik.uni-bonn.de /~rhino/tourguide/html/ice-breaker.html (109 words)

	arctic deep sea cruise of Polarstern + Victor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The 1st of June was dominated by the "open ship" event.
		Soon after dinner a first safety instruction was given by one of the ships officers.
		All cruise participants are now familiar with the different acoustic signals onboard, where to meet and what to do in the case of emergency.
	www.polarstern-victor.de /tag0601-e.html (164 words)

	Chance Meeting in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The two ships, under the leadership of Captains Henning Papenhagen (Meteor) and Udo Domke (Polarstern), then came slowly together under near ideal conditions of quiet seas, and tropical sunshine.
		Rubber boats were used to transfer scientists and samples from ship to ship.
		Polarstern, on the other hand, was steaming southwards from Vigo, Spain in order to initiate her 20
	www.ifm.uni-kiel.de /allgemein/news/presse/meteor_meet.htm (628 words)

	Coral Paradise
		On Friday, June 20th 2003, the German research ice-breaker POLARSTERN of the Alfred-Wegener-Institute (AWI) for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven/ Germany will visit the port of Galway/ Ireland, after a 3-week international expedition to study the deep-water coral reefs to the west of Ireland.
		They will depart the ship to return to their home institutes in Galway, before POLARSTERN (managed by the German shipping company F. LAEISZ in Hamburg/ Rostock/ Bremerhaven) departs for the next leg of its 2003 summer expedition to the Arctic Ocean.
		This is the second time VICTOR has been deployed from the POLARSTERN and the third time it has been used by international working groups under the framework of closer and more formal French-German cooperation in polar and marine sciences.
	www.meeresforschung.de /AWI/Presse/PM/pm03-1.hj/030620coral-e.html (1007 words)

	Magson GmbH - Products: Shipboard Fluxgate Magnetometer
		To conclude from the magnetic field values measured in the ship's co-ordinate system to the geomagnetic field values, the position of the ship (course angle, pitch angle, roll angle) has to be known for each measured vector.
		Furthermore a correction matrix is needed to eliminate the permanent and induced magnetic influence of the ship.
		First tests on the RV Polarstern show that this method is a suitable approach for geomagnetic measurements.
	www.magson.de /products/products5.html (189 words)

	Unbenanntes Dokument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Its not only that Polarstern's scientists are longing for their icy working place to come which made them feel good about all the sea ice around the vessel; there are still 1000 km to go before we reach our final destination.
		Although Polarstern had to face a storm of 9 Beaufort this was less torturing than the 5 shaky days before due to a huge swell.
		Adelie Penguins stuck together their heads when Polarstern broke her way through the floes and snow white storm petrel criss-crossed over the bow of Polarstern.
	www.meeresforschung.de /Climate/ISPOL/NEWS/news_eng_log3.html (416 words)

	The University of Tulsa >> News/Events/Publications
		A second ship, Germany’s Polarstern, is an equal partner in the expedition and will carry other scientists and a German chief scientist.
		While one ship breaks through the ice using two or three engines at full throttle, the other can follow at ease using only one engine.
		The ship has a library, a gym, a conference room with a large-screen television and two movies are shown daily over the ship’s entertainment channel.
	www.utulsa.edu /news/article.asp?Key=566 (918 words)

	EUROPA - Research - RTD info - Special issue - May 2005 - Polar armada: Europe’s polar research vessels
		Aside from hull strength and a ship’s ability to sail through various depths of pack ice, perhaps the single most important quality required from a polar research vessel is the flexibility to support a whole range of scientific disciplines and to operate in capacities ranging from research platform to supply ship, to passenger carrier.
		Aside from the Polarstern, the other two European polar research vessels classified as icebreakers are: the 118 metre, 9,500 tonne, Oden, operated by the Swedish Maritime Administration and leased by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; and the 141 metre, 16,500 tonne, Akademic Federov operated by the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Institute (AARI).
		Thanks to its ships and many research stations, the institute continues to perform complex investigations in fields ranging from oceanography to ice dynamics, meteorology, ocean/air interaction, geophysics, hydrochemistry, ecology and polar engineering.
	europa.eu.int /comm/research/rtdinfo/special_pol/05/article_2612_en.html (792 words)

	Mountains of the Arctic Deep
		The twenty year old RV Polarstern, which is still one of the most up-to-date and modern ships of its class.
		Following a precise bathymetric measurement the Polarstern and the Healy are now able to reveal the existence of complex volcanic cones in many areas of the Gakkel Ridge.
		It was September 6th when both ships reached the target after a difficult journey through heavy ice and under bad weather conditions.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/tectonics-01i.html (2731 words)

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