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Topic: Polder Model

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	Polder Model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The polder model is the Dutch version of corporatism.
		The Dutch polder model is characterized by the tri-partite cooperation between employers' organizations, labour unions and the government.
		The current polder model is said to have begun with the Wassenaar Accords of 1982 when unions, employers and government decided on a comprehensive plan to revitalize the economy involving shorter working times and less pay on the one hand, and more employment on the other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polder_Model (777 words)

	Polder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes.
		The best-known examples are those polders that constitute areas of land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the sea, and are consequently below the surrounding water level.
		Polders are most commonly found, though not exclusively so, in the Netherlands, the country they are frequently associated with.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polder (185 words)

	The Dutch Polder Model“ - An answer to the German crisis
		The third pillar the "Polder Model" rests on is the transformation of the social insurance system which dates back to the year 1987.
		The "Polder Model" is therefore not only a complex mixture of pooled policies but also, maybe even more important, an unspoken agreement that only a combined effort, paid for by the vast majority, can stop the disintegration of the socio-economic system.
		The "Polder Model" and its core mechanisms can serve as something like a blueprint for Germany which means that the Dutch way does not necessarily have to be copied but at least comprehended.
	tiss.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de /webroot/sp/spsba01_w98_1/germany10.htm (2907 words)

	OSA:
		The general opinion is that the success of what has become known as the Dutch polder model is a consequence of the importance attached by both employers and employee controlling the development of labour costs.
		From an analysis of the 'polder model' specific for the Netherlands, it appears that employers and employees are a fair match for each other.
		Compared to the way other countries operate, the 'polder model' is unique: while struggling for continuous qualification for employees and a sufficient supply of jobs, the (unions of) employees have entered the domain of the labour organization, thus far the exclusive domain of employers.
	www.tilburguniversity.nl /osa/publications/suma164.html (1675 words)

	BOREAS Follow-On DSP-08 POLDER Atmospherically Corrected Surface Parameters, SSA
		It is mandatory to operate POLDER in totally clear sky conditions, so that the distribution of irradiance does not change from one measurement to another, and so that calculation of reflectance in absolute units from radiance is possible.
		POLDER measures multispectral radiance in the visible and near infrared domain as a function of solar and view geometry.
		The description of the POLDER instrument, the data acquisition, and the atmospheric corrections applied to the images are described in the documentation file of the data set "BOREAS RSS-20 POLDER C-130 Measurements of Surface BRDF" available as part of the BOREAS archive (see section 15).
	www-eosdis.ornl.gov /BOREAS/FollowOn/guides/dsp08_polder_surf_para_doc.html (3044 words)

	Exit Polder Model? — www.greenwood.com
		In the Netherlands, polder are small communities hemmed in by dykes built to resist quickly rising tides, and hence imply communal effort to mediate harmful outside forces.
		Translated into economic terms, the polder model entailed tripartite cooperation between business, government, and labor to protect the nation's economic and social well being.
		Delsen evaluates recent changes in the Dutch economy brought on by globalization and American dominance and concludes that the polder model is reaching its end.
	www.greenwood.com /books/bookdetail.asp?sku=C7700 (397 words)

	Netherlands: Trade unions agree to two-year wage freeze The failure of the "Polder Model"
		As a result of the Polder Model, the Netherlands is the country with the largest proportion of part-time jobs in relationship to full-time jobs in Europe.
		The Polder Model amounted to the introduction of “American conditions” with the full collaboration of the trade unions.
		The rapid growth of unemployment, which began in the autumn of 2001, was the final straw for the Polder Model.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/nov2003/neth-n14_prn.shtml (1676 words)

	The Future of the Social Market Economy, Publikation, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.
		The Dutch Polder Model is often perceived as one of the variants of the so-called Rhineland Model, a notion which has been coined by the French author and former director of the French Planning Agency, Michel Albert.
		They appear to think that this is what the Polder Model boils down to, both in the past and in its recently modified form (of which more later).
		The success of the Polder Model may first and foremost be attributed to a comprehensive and coherent mix of policies which included: budgetary restraint, wage moderation, tax reduction, an absence of policy measures to influence actively the business cycle, privatisation, promotion of flexibility, and, more generally, the improvement of the functioning of markets.
	www.kas.de /publikationen/2000/623_dokument.html (2790 words)

	The origins and future of the Dutch approach towards drugs
		The polder model refers to a situation where different stakeholders respect each other’s opinions and try to reach outcomes that are desirable for all through negotiations, discussions, and mutual deliberation.
		This accord is not without precedents, however, and many scholars argue that the polder model is embedded in a culture that first took shape during the pacification of religious and social tensions during the 1920s.
		A polder is a piece of land that has been reclaimed from the sea or a lake through drainage.
	www.cedro-uva.org /lib/uitermark.origins.html (8820 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Dutch miracle breaks down
		This model took its name from the Low Countries' famous land reclamation projects, which were called polders, and referred to policymaking by consensus between the government, unions and employers.
		Over the past decade or so, the Polder Model kept wages low, which led to an unprecedented economic boom in the latter half of the 1990s, with virtually no unemployment, thriving growth figures, low inflation and strong exports.
		The Polder Model took a backseat when the gay, socially liberal but economically conservative pin-striped bald professor-turned-politician Pim Fortuyn burst onto the political scene.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/2882451.stm (820 words)

	TCS: Defense - A Hole in the Dike
		A second major extra of the Dutch model: the institutional dimension, or the permanent consultative process in which social and economic issues are, as it were, de-politicized by regarding them as "technical" problems for which common solutions have to be found.
		This abrupt fall came as a surprise which, even among some high priests of the Polder Model, triggered doubts whether the successes of the 1990s should really be attributed to the blessings of the Polder Model as such, or that factors extraneous to it were responsible for the exceptionally good performance.
		The Polder Model provides a certain amount of predictability, stability and peaceful labor relations, which is highly valued by both employers and trade unions.
	www.consumersvoice.org /1051/defensewrapper.jsp?PID=1051-350&CID=1051-123003E (1100 words)

	C (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The consensus model is often found in pluralistic societies where a large number of groups compete to have their interests represented.
		Consequently, the Polder Model is grounded on three variables that combine to create a unique perspective and acceptance of Dutch environmental policy, (1) an “independent lifestyle” emerging from the past successful history of “seamen, merchants, and entrepreneurs,” (2) the well taught lesson of the need for “cooperation.
		The applicability of the Dutch model and for others states, and particularly the United States, and consensus policymaking (Innes and Booher 1999; Pellow 1998; Angel 1995) have been the focus of several recent studies.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/pettenger.html (7515 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Whilst the Dutch Polder Model was still the "talk of the town" internationally, at home that same model was given a real electoral drubbing.
		Moreover, the Polder Model — the triangular extraparliamentary process of collective bargaining between government, employers and trade unions in the so-called Socio-Economic Council (SER) — is by its very nature depoliticising and results in compromise bargains that to outsiders are effectively "Diktats" over which they exercise no influence.
		And consensus through the world-renowned Polder Model, a permanent social dialogue between government, employers and workers so as to achieve socially-balanced innovations against the backdrop of globalisation and the transformation of an industrial society into a new service economy.
	www.progressive-governance.net /article_documents/40.doc (11750 words)

	Profiel: The Netherlands
		It is not without reason that the Water Boards and their polder pumping installations are the eldest tiers of government in the country.
		It is under these conditions that the now well-known polder model was born in the early 1980's.
		The purple coalition is little more than the political branch of the polder model, a trade-off between the interests of the social democrats on the one hand and the liberals on the other.
	www.nrc.nl /W2/Lab/Profiel/Netherlands/politics.html (1253 words)

	Polder Preprogrammed Cooking Thermometer - Utensils Store (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This Polder had the extra benefit (I thought) of reading the oven temperature as well as the food temps.
		The Polder rarely agreed with an in-oven slow-set thermometer I put in to check against, so I couldn't average out the temperatures.
		Finally, although the Polder said the turkey I roasted was only 165°, it seemed overcooked by 5-6 degrees, but of course that depended on my placement as much as anything, so benefit of the doubt goes to the probe.
	www.utensilsmart.com /store/index.php?Operation=ItemLookup&ItemId=B00004S4TZ (839 words)

	UvT: Abstracts
		In this article the impact is analyzed of the the introduction of the Economic and Monetary Union on the Dutch Polder model and labour flexibility.
		The author draws the conclusion that the importance of the national Polder Model will gradually be eroded and that the increase in regulatory competition will stimulate the further harmonisation of labour market policies in order to prevent a 'race to the bottom'.
		The results of a two-level hierarchical model show that moral commitment to the welfare state seems to dominate at the individual level, whereas self-interest enters the picture mainly if a person is dependent on the provisions of the welfare state.
	www.tilburguniversity.nl /faculties/fsw/departments/sociology/journal/archive/summary1999.html.print (2270 words)

	Netherlands Debates Longer Work Week \| Business \| Deutsche Welle \| 10.08.2004
		The model, which has been in existence since 1982, lowered the work week to 38 hours, and in 1994 to 36 hours for several sectors.
		In another sign that the Polder Model could be breaking up, Dutch office furniture manufacturer Smead Europe announced in mid-July that it would impose the 40-hour work week without additional pay in two of its three Dutch factories.
		The "European model" with all its rights and benefits for workers is no longer able to cope with all the modern problems of globalization, de Buck said.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,2144,1292061,00.html (832 words)

	TCS Daily - Third Way? No Way!
		The Polder Model could perhaps be qualified as The Third Way avant la letter, though with a couple of distinctive features, because it preceded the ideas of New Labour in the
		The Polder Model or consensus economy aims at harmonious relations between the government, employers federations and trade unions.
		As far as the Polder Model is concerned, we should have done this already many years ago.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=070604G (2535 words)

	I amsterdam - Best Bohemian Colonialism
		The tiny lake community on the western outskirts of Amsterdam was thus evacuated to make way for the new plans, but while the ‘Africa Harbour’ had not yet seen fruition, the houses, streets and villages still remained intact and empty.
		Throughout history, the realisation of these polders has required co-operation and shared responsibility from the effected communities.
		Thanks to this model, and a strong sense of determination, the Ruigoord community has managed to remain in this literal polder village in some form or another for over 30 years.
	www.iamsterdam.com /service/i_amsterdam's_best/living/best_bohemian (487 words)

	RNW: New deal on Dutch social reform
		The recent wave of social unrest in the Netherlands is over - at least for the time being - after the cabinet reached a deal with trade unions and employers' organisations on reforms of the social security sector.
		Some analysts believe that the Netherlands' much-vaunted "Polder Model", which brought government, unions and employers together to seek wage moderation agreements in the past, now lies in tatters.
		He recalls several instances of industrial unrest since the first tripartite Polder deal was signed in 1992.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /currentaffairs/region/netherlands/dut041108 (664 words)

	Polder - TheBestLinks.com - Hydrology, Lake, Netherlands, Pump, ...
		Polder - TheBestLinks.com - Hydrology, Lake, Netherlands, Pump,...
		Polder, Hydrology, Lake, Netherlands, Pump, Sea, Drainage, IJsselmeer...
		de:Polder nl:Polder A polder is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes and requiring drainage by pumps to maintain the water table within it from rising too high.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Polder.html (167 words)

	Jaap Woldendorp - The Polder Model: From disease to miracle? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Neo-corporatist institutionalisation of Dutch incomes policy is important to understand the formation and implementation of incomes policy.
		Where many researchers comparatively regard the Netherlands as 'typical' for neo-corporatism as an ideal type, other researchers - including many Dutch students of neo-corporatism - tend to stress its 'a-typical' nature by referring to phenomena like the Polder Model, the Dutch Disease and the Dutch Miracle that overstate certain elements of a more temporary nature.
		The author's conclusion is that neither view is correct; nor is it correct to regard Dutch politics of intermediation and tripartism as outdated or irrelevant.
	www.rozenbergps.com /boek.php?item=654 (213 words)

	The Netherlands - General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Polder Model implies that the State, when necessary, eases the pressure of taxation and social premiums.
		In the last decades of last century this model of negotiation proved to be very successful.
		On this moment the model seems to be a little bit out of order, mainly by disagreement between the unions and the government about cuts in some welfare facilities.
	www.dutchpress.nl /geninfo/poldermodel.html (226 words)

	Public Relations Organisation International
		The famous Dutch political polder model resulted from a sustained socio-economic crisis triggered by the world wide recession following the oil crisis in 1972/73.
		The remaining margin for pay increases created by the Polder model was used to create new jobs in the private sector.
		History will show whether the polder model can survive in this new period of economic challenges, including — as in most European countries - the growing number of pensioners, with a corresponding reduction in the workforce needed to pay for old-age benefits.
	www.proi.com /resources/doing_business_in/netherlands.htm (1030 words)

	Aerosol indirect effects in POLDER satellite data and the Laboratoire de Météorologie ...
		We use these observational data for aerosol concentration (the aerosol index), cloud optical thickness, and cloud droplet effective radius to establish statistical relationships among these parameters in order to analyze the first and second aerosol indirect effects.
		This may be interpreted as observational evidence for the second aerosol indirect effect on a large scale.
		Model simulations show a rather small change in the two relationships if preindustrial rather than present-day aerosol distributions are used.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JD004317.shtml (363 words)

	Tjiong: Environmental Challenges to the Dutch Polder Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This paper describes how market and technological change affect the corporatist model of policy coordination and implementation.
		It argues that the marketization of waste services and the introduction of ISO 14001 environmental management systems are likely to result in alternative regulatory approaches for both companies and regulators that may reduce the incentives for these actors to engage in associational politics.
		Together, these market and technological changes pave the way for alternative regulatory approaches that – under certain conditions – may displace the comprehensive corporatist policy covenants that characterize the Dutch polder model.
	www.mpp-rdg.mpg.de /tjiong2.html (187 words)

	OESO / OECD over de werkloosheid in Frankrijk
		I have read a comment in De Volkskrant of June 11th, about your analysis of rising unemployment in France and Germany, while your findings about this problem in the Netherlands and in Ireland lead to examples of good management.
		The Dutch "Polder model" and adjustment to market conditions is only from the outside a success.
		Besides this, the coalition between the unions, employers organisations and the government lead to a stabilisation of the production cost, which gave the Netherlands an advantage in competitiveness over the other modern economies in western Europe, but at the expense of employment in neighbouring countries like Germany and France.
	www.sdnl.nl /oeso-1.htm (449 words)

	Polder Cooking Thermometer with Timer and Clock: Kitchenadd.com
		A 24-hour countdown or countup timer operates independently of the thermometer, and a clock displays the time in your choice of 12 or 24 hour settings.
		Polder's cooking thermometer with timer and clock rids cooking of internal temperature guesswork.
		Also, when not in use, the independent timer may be used as a convenient kitchen clock.
	polder.kitchenadd.com /Polder-Cooking-Thermometer-with-Timer-and-Clock-B00004S4U0.htm (399 words)

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