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Topic: Pole vault technology

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	Pole Vault presented in Non Famous section
		Pole vaulting is an athletics event where the athlete tries to gather his kinetic energy from running and transfer it into a long, flexible pole as an aid to leap over a bar.
		Pole vaulting was known to the ancient Greeks and the Cretans used long poles to vault over bulls.
		Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels, with sizes as small as 3 m, to as large as 5,20+ m.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/comments/pole_vault (775 words)

	Pole vault
		Pole vaulting is an athletics event where competitors use a long, flexible pole as an aid to leap over a bar, similar to the high jump, but at much greater heights.
		"Pole jumping" competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, as well as the Cretans and Celts, but modern competitions probably began around 1850 in Germany, and the modern pole vaulting technique was developed in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.
		The pole vault is exciting to watch because of the extreme heights reached by competitors, and is thus popular with spectators.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Pole_vault.html (622 words)

	pole vault
		Competitive pole vaulting, for height as opposed to distance, began in the mid-19th century.
		It has been an Olympic sport for men since the first modern games in 1896; however, women's pole vaulting was not treated seriously by the athletics authorities until the 1990s, and the Sydney 2000 Games was the first Olympics to include a women's as well as a men's pole vault event.
		The fibreglass pole revolutionized pole vaulting in the 1960s and jumps of over five metres became commonplace in top competition.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0089632.html (362 words)

	Vault Techniques
		Pole vault is one of the most popular track and field events.
		The Pole vault, was included in the Gymnastic competitions in the year 1175, in Germany but under the name and style of “Vertical Jump”.
		Heavily built, rigid poles made of ash were to be climbed as far up as possible by the performers and then they had to jump across the pit yonder.
	www.vaulttechniques.com /index.htm (422 words)

	Physics and the Olympics
		Basic mechanics tells us that the highest stresses occur on the outside of a bent beam, and that a symmetrically bent object, such as a pole, actually has a zone down the middle (known as the neutral axis) where the stresses are very low and even zero.
		Energy is stored in the pole as it is bent or strained by the athlete's muscles, and returned to the vaulter as the pole recoils.
		The maximum strain energy of the pole is ms2/2rE, where s is the maximum or "failure" stress on the outside of the pole, r is its density and E is its Young's modulus (i.e.
	ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu /211_fall2002.web.dir/Daniel_Lenord/vault.html (515 words)

	John's Pole Vault Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The initial period of vaulting was known as the "Wood Era" because the vaulters used poles made of ash, hickory, hazel wood, etc, and the highest recorded vaulters jumped from 6' to 11'5''.
		As the pole begins to bend, the vaulter remains upright and penetrates the plane of the landing pit, preparing for the swing.
		While the pole recoils, the vaulter extends his hips, drops his shoulders, and pulls upwards with his arms to align himself with the pole (as to minimize the loss of energy in the transition).
	www.unc.edu /~adamczyk/johnvault.html (513 words)

	Neo Vault : : Pole Vault Articles - The Physics of Pole Vaulting
		Glass-fibre poles consist of long filaments of glass fibre ranging from 320 µm in diameter embedded in a matrix of less stiff polymer resin.
		He demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that, during a jump, the greatest bending moments and hence the greatest stresses are at the middle of a pole, while the lowest stresses are at the ends.
		Also, the bending moment and hence the failure stress increases with the stiffness of the pole for a given section of the pole and radius of bend.
	www.neovault.com /articles_physics_of_pole_vaulting.asp (1008 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Technology easily won the indoor dual meet from Tufts College at the Gym, Wednesday evening, by a score of 50 to 30.
		The pole vault was Tech's event from the start and Farrington broke the Tech indoor record for that event.
		In an attempt to vault 10 feet 8 inches Farrington failed, although in his record jump he was well over the height of the bar.
	www-tech.mit.edu /archives/VOL_025/TECH_V025_S0205_P001.txt (1622 words)

	USA Pole Vault Education Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Based on the cause of the injuries, current technology, and dialogues dealing with the injuries the findings were clear: The forces that may be applied to the head, neck, brain, and brain stem in "Situation One and Three" are thought to be far beyond the capability of any feasible helmet.
		Considering that virtually every vault ends in the landing mat, the risk of wearing a helmet is significant and places the vaulter at an increased level of danger during properly executed vaults.
		Since helmets certified for use in the pole vault do not exist, schools are assuming immense liability by requiring their vaulters to wear such equipment and are quit likely increasing the danger to their athletes during properly executed vaults.
	www.pvei.com /fusion/print.php?type=A&item_id=35 (887 words)

	RGJ.com - Pole vaulters pack ’em in
		Pole vaulters com-peted on two criss-crossing runways, to the pulsing beat of rock music in a heated battle that also included Sydney silver medalist Lawrence Johnson.
		The event, sponsored by UCS Spirit pole vault manufacturer in Carson City and the brainchild of Fresno State coach and pole vault guru Bob Fraley, is in its 10tn year in Reno.
		American medalists in the pole vault from 1960 through 1984 were also introduced to the crowd, including 1960 gold medalist Don “Tarzan” Bragg.
	www.rgj.com /news2/stories/sports/980060238.php (524 words)

	Pole Vault Poles
		A pole is also a unit of length, also called a rodor a perch, equal to 5.5 yards or 16.5 feet (5.029 meters in SI units).
		Although a barrel vault can successfully roof a wide hall,the difficulty is then lighting that hall — the vault cannot safely be pierced by more than the smallest of windows.
		The Poles are a western Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with Poland and the Polish language.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/16511-pole-vault-poles.html (841 words)

	Doomsday vault to avert world famine - earth - 12 January 2006 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The room is a "doomsday vault" designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the world's crops.
		The vault's seed collection, made up of duplicates of those already held at other seed banks, will represent the products of some 10,000 years of plant breeding by the world's farmers.
		Operators plan to replace the air inside the vault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18 °C. But even if some catastrophe meant that the vault was abandoned, the permafrost would keep the seeds viable.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=mg18925343.700 (653 words)

	Etown SportsNet:
		Clark is currently heading to Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology to compete at the NCAA Division III Championships in the men’s pole vault Saturday, March 10.
		He is seeded fourth in the nation with a height of 16’6-3/4.” However, his highest vault this indoor season was actually 16’10-3/4.” That mark was set at the National Pole Vault Summit in Reno, Nev., a USATF-sanctioned event that does not count toward NCAA Championship qualification, in January.
		Clark was the national runner-up in the pole vault at the 2006 NCAA Division III Outdoor Championships, and he is a two-time All-American in the event, having earned the honor in both the 2006 indoor and outdoor seasons.
	www2.etown.edu /sports/releases/0607/110.asp (228 words)

	Science Picks -- USGS Seismology at the South Pole
		Five miles from the South Pole, 1000 feet beneath the surface of the 10,000 foot ice cap, seismometers at the newest station in the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) are recording the quietest vibrations on the Earth, up to 4 times quieter than ever before observed.
		Since the North Pole is covered by a floating ice pack, the South Pole is the only place where one can record these oscillations with a seismometer that is well coupled to the continent below.
		Long-term data from high latitude seismograph stations such as the South Pole have contributed to evidence of the earth's solid inner core spinning at a slightly faster rate than the rest of the earth.
	www.usgs.gov /features/south_pole (495 words)

	Pole Vault Higher
		Pole Vault Higher.com is a website that encourages fellowship among all pole vaulters and the sharing of information.
		Pole Vault Higher.com is hosted by former All-American and Masters vaulter, Jerry Hock.
		Hock is well known for his illustrations of the pole vault that he drew for the late Dr. Richard V. Ganslen's, Mechanics of the Pole Vault, posters 1980-1989.
	www.polevaulthigher.com (517 words)

	Kent State Men's Track & Field -- Ryan Nau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Placed third in the pole vault (15-5) and seventh in the decathlon at the 2000 MAC Outdoor Championships...
		Was second in the pole vault at the Kent Open (15-11.75).
		Won the state pole vault title with a vault of 15-0.75...
	dept.kent.edu /athletics/mtrack/mtbio/nau.htm (213 words)

	PoleVaultPower.com :: View topic - My First Pole Break
		In today's technology, the glass manufacturers have to produce the glass we use for the aerospace industry, where tolerances are very strict.
		I am certainly not encouraging people to overbend their poles, but I didn't think there was a magical point in pole bendage at which point there was permanent damage and the pole would never be the same.
		If the vaulter holds lower than the recommended grip area on the pole to provide relative stiffness to his weight he or she may overstress the pole in an area that cannot support the new load.
	www.polevaultpower.com /forum/viewtopic.php?t=1567 (1525 words)

	ABC News: Norway to House Seeds in Doomsday Vault
		Prime ministers of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland were to attend the cornerstone ceremony on Monday morning near the town of Longyearbyen in Norway's remote Svalbard Islands, roughly 620 miles from the North Pole.
		Its purpose is to ensure the survival of crop diversity in the event of plant epidemics, nuclear war, natural disasters or climate change, and to offer the world a chance to restart growth of food crops that may have been wiped out.
		The trust, founded in 2004, has also worked on the project and will help run the vault, which is scheduled to open and start accepting seeds from around the world in September 2007.
	abcnews.go.com /Technology/wireStory?id=2091635 (400 words)

	Physics, technology and the Olympics (September 2000) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		The technology of the day consisted of nothing more than a wooden post at one end to help the runner on his return back up the track.
		The ruling bodies either allow technology to advance a sport (such as in the pole vault) or use it to under-engineer a sport (such as the javelin).
		Well, as long as the same technology is available to all competitors at the same time, then ultimately it comes down to the ability and the skill of the athlete.
	physicsweb.org /articles/world/13/9/8 (3300 words)

	2 aim high in first N.C. girls' prep pole vault event
		For a male pole vaulter, those are familiar instructions heard from a coach.
		But for a female pole vaulter, those commands are as foreign as a first-year French class.
		The national indoor record for girls' pole vault is 12 feet, 6 inches, set by Samantha Shepard of Weston, Mass.
	home1.gte.net /vzn05pqv/indoorgirlsvault.html (667 words)

	Amazon.com: Pacer Mystic 12' 6" (3.75M) 125 lbs. Pole Vaulting Pole (with FX Technology): Sports & Outdoors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Includes FX Technology, the only poles designed to provide functional power at the precise moments of need through each stage of the vault.
		Synchronization: Our new FX series vaulting poles are the result of 2 years of testing and analysis at our research centers.
		FX series vaulting poles are designed to roll to vertical more efficiently, and provide the vaulter with an easier synchronization to the unbending of the pole during the later stages of the vault.
	www.amazon.com /Pacer-Mystic-3-75M-Vaulting-Technology/dp/B0001F27YG (670 words)

	Pole vault - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pole vaulting an athletics event where a person uses a long, flexible pole (usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to leap over a bar, similar to the high jump, but at much greater heights.
		In Frieslanpennisd, where it is called fierljeppen, it has continued to be a folkloristic activity with annual competitions.
		It is common for vaulters to use long, powerful strides at the beginning of the approach, then accelerate by increasing stride frequency while maintaining the same stride length.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pole_vault_technology (3154 words)

	Mt. Pleasant sweeps pole vault - PittsburghLIVE.com
		Way, a sophomore, was flying high Tuesday after she captured her first WPIAL Class AA championship in the pole vault with a height of 10 feet and qualified for next week's state finals in Shippensburg.
		Pleasant senior Ian Wirth took first in the boys pole vault as the Vikings swept the event.
		The boys pole vault was one of the last events to finish on a cold and wet afternoon.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/dailycourier/sports/s_454267.html (337 words)

	RGJ.com - World’s best to meet at Pole Vault Summit
		Last years, obviously, was very good for the good-natured pole vaulter who grew up 100 miles west of Reno in Auburn, Calif., where she graduated from Placer High School in 1990.
		Dragila, along with another of the event’s founders, Fresno State track coach Bob Fraley, recalled Thursday that the Pole Vault Summit was also one of the first events in the country to feature women’s pole vault.
		She won the first women’s pole vault at the World Indoor Championships in 1997, the first women’s pole vault at the World Outdoor Championships in 1999, and of course, after fighting off a spirited challenge from Australia’s Tatiana Grigorieva in Sydney, won the first women’s Olympic gold medal at 15-1.
	www.rgj.com /news2/stories/sports/979964633.php (1082 words)

	Physics, technology and the Olympics (September 2000) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		Glass-fibre poles consist of long filaments of glass fibre - ranging from 3-20 µm in diameter - embedded in a matrix of less stiff polymer resin.
		Compared with the pole vault, the modern javelin has relatively strict rules governing its design (for example, the length of a javelin for the men's event must be between 2.60-2.70 m and have a minimum mass of 800 g).
		Performances in the pole vault, in contrast, improved dramatically with the introduction of flexible poles in the 1960s.
	physicsweb.org /article/world/13/9/8 (3300 words)

	Risk Minimization in Pole Vaulting Competition
		“If a vault is performed correctly, the size of the pad now is efficient, but by increasing the size of the pad, we’ve allowed more room for error,” said Cynthia Doyle, assistant director of the NFHS and liaison to the NFHS Track and Field Rules Committee.
		This rule provides consistency on every runway, and it also allows athletes and coaches to know if their footing is correct, which helps minimize the risk of a short or long vault.
		This box shall be constructed of concrete, fiberglass, metal, or other hard surface material into which the vaulting pole is placed.
	www.ihsaa.org /b-track/0203RulesChanges.htm (2772 words)

	CNN.com - Isinbayeva sets pole vault record - Feb. 15, 2004
		The women's competition was the highlight of the 15th annual pole vault festival, held in Bubka's hometown.
		After Isinbayeva broke the old mark by clearing 4.81 on her first attempt, the 23-year-old Feofanova raised the bar by a centimeter in a bid to reclaim the record.
		She set the bar at 4.83 and cleared it on her first vault.
	www.cnn.com /2004/SPORT/02/15/athletics.vault.reut (280 words)

	Pole Vault Survey - DyeStat High School Track
		My experience is that nearly every single pole vault accident could have been prevented with sound coaching progressions focusing on consistency at the lowest levels before slowly advancing to more difficult skills.
		pole vault official officially certified to judge if jumper is adequately trained and coaches who will abide by his/her decision.
		Accidents happen when the vaulter is not in control of the vault, when a kid loads up a pole then lays down and waits for it to lift him he is not in control and bad things can and do happen.
	www.dyestat.com /features/pv-coach.htm (4034 words)

	Jump! Jump! Jump!
		Whereas the high jump and pole vault use a bar to measure how high a person can jump, the long jump and triple jump events measure how far a person can jump.
		The pole generally measures between 12 and 16 feet in length and is constructed nowadays of fiberglass.
		So, the pole vaulter holds the pole at its top and races down the runway where the vault box is dug into the ground.
	www.chevroncars.com /learn/sports/jumping-sports (814 words)

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