Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791

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	Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Four-Year, or "Great," Sejm of 1788–1792, which would adopt the Constitution of May 3, 1791, was such a confederated sejm; and it was due only to that fact that it was able to put through so radical a piece of legislation.
		In the War in Defense of the Constitution, Poland was betrayed by its Prussian ally Frederick William II and defeated by the Imperial Russia of Catherine the Great, allied with the Targowica Confederation, a cabal of Polish magnates who opposed reforms that might weaken their influence.
		The Constitution abolished several institutional sources of government weakness and national anarchy, including the liberum veto, confederations, confederated sejms (paradoxically, the Four-Year Sejm was itself a confederated sejm), and the excessive sway of sejmiks (regional sejms) stemming from the binding nature of their instructions to their Sejm deputies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 (3731 words)

	An Idea of Power, Polish Constitution Commemoration, Melbourne, 3 May 2005
		The Polish Constitution of 1791 may now be of historical interest only, but the United States and Australian Constitutions continue to define the structures of government in those two nations.
		Thus, in the Polish Constitution of 1791, not only was power divided into legislative, executive and judicial power, and assigned to different authorities; there was an express prohibition against the exercise by the king (the executive) of either the legislative power to make laws or the judicial power to interpret the laws.
		The United States Constitution did not say, expressly, that one of the powers and responsibilities of the new Federal Supreme Court was the power to make final and binding decisions upon disputes as to the meaning of the Constitution itself, and upon the distribution and limitation of legislative and executive authority effected by the Constitution.
	www.hcourt.gov.au /speeches/cj/cj_03may05.html (3499 words)

	New Bedford celebrates 1791 Polish Constitution: 5/8/03
		The May 3, 1791, Polish Constitution was the first liberal constitution in Europe and the second in the world, after the American Constitution of September 1787.
		The Paul Revere sign will be at work so that people traveling on Interstate 195 will be aware that New Bedford salutes the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		In terms of democratic precept, the 1791 constitution is a landmark event in the history of Central and Eastern Europe.
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-03/05-08-03/a19op080.htm (386 words)

	Constitution Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constitution Day is often celebrated on the anniversary of the signing, promulgation or adoption of the constitution, or in some cases, to commemorate the change to constitutional monarchy:
		Constitution Day is a holiday to honour the constitution of a country.
		The US Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, but in 1952, President Harry S. Truman made September 17 Citizenship Day instead of calling it Constitution Day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_Day (187 words)

	"Albert P. Blaustein, "The U.S. Constitution: America's Most Important Export" Issues of Democracy, March 2004"
		U.S. constitutional research is a major project in at least a dozen countries, as its value is being analyzed with a view to the writing of new constitutions.
		Committed to the principle of parliamentary supremacy, the constitutions of these nations consist of numerous legislative enactments specifically designated as "basic laws" (in the case of Israel) or legal scholarship that has been classified as fundamental or organic.
		It was used in a modified from for later German constitutions, such as the one drafted for imperial Germany and the one that established the Weimar Republic in 1919.
	usinfo.state.gov /journals/itdhr/0304/ijde/blaustein.htm (2322 words)

	Articles - Constitution
		For example, in the Constitution of Australia, most of its fundamental political principles and regulations concerning the relationship between branches of government, and concerning the government and the individual are codified in a single document, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia.
		Constitutions vary extensively as to the degree of separation of powers, usually meaning the constitutional separation of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government.
		A codified constitution is one that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Constitution (3904 words)

	newStandard: 5/02/96
		This movement also had a profound effect in Poland in 1791, where on the 3rd of May of that year the Polish legislature adopted a constitution very similar to the United States Constitution," said Mr.
		NEW BEDFORD -- Mayor Rosemary S. Tierney declared this week Polish Constition Week in New Bedford, commemorating the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		The mayor read her proclamation Sunday morning on the Polish Happy Time radio show hosted by Edward L. Piwowarczyk and his wife, Janina.
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-96/05-02-96/07u09388.htm (154 words)

	Konstytucja
		The successor the throne, having emerged from minority and executed an oath to uphold the constitution, may be present at all sessions of the guardianship, but without a vote.
		As to general laws, that is, constitutional, civil, criminal, or for the institution of perpetual taxes: in which matters proposals submitted by the throne to the provinces (wojewodztwa), lands (ziemie) and counties (powiaty) for discussion, and by instructions coming to the chamber, shall be taken for decision first.
		Royal sons, whom the constitution destines for succession to the throne, are the first sons of the nation, wherefore attention to their good education is a concern of the nation, without prejudice, however, to parental rights.
	www.polishconstitution.org /Konstytucja.html (2471 words)

	Constitution of May 3, 1791
		Full text of Poland's Constitution of May 3, 1791 both in the original Polish and in English translation.
		Konstytucja 3 Maja, 1791 - Constitution of the third of May, 1791
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/constitution/1791/link.shtml (30 words)

	The Ultimate Wawrzyniec Grzymala Goslicki - American History Information Guide and Reference
		It was read by Thomas Jefferson, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States Constitution, and was also an important influence on the second modern codified European constitution, the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		In 1569 he also joined the royal chancery and served two Polish kings (Sigismund II Augustus and Stephen Báthory) and was successively appointed bishop of Kamieniec Podolski (1586), Chelm (1590), Przemysl (1591), and Poznan (1601).
		Many of the ideas in the book were actually the foundations of Polish Nobles' Democracy (1505-1795) based on earlier 14th century works of Stanislaw of Skarbimierz.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Wawrzyniec_Grzymala_Goslicki (327 words)

	Jacek Kurczewski and Barry Sullivan, The Bill of Rights and the Emerging Democracies, 65 Law & Contemp. Probs. 251 (Spring 2002)
		The Polish Constitutional Court continued to function as a weak institution even as late as 1998, for the simple reason that it was in the clear interest of political actors of the new democracy to keep it weak.
		The right to file an individual constitutional complaint in Hungary is restricted, as it may be heard by the Constitutional Court only after all other legal remedies have been exhausted, and even then only if the individual's rights have been violated by the application of an unconstitutional legal provision.
		Like the Hungarian Constitutional Court, the Polish Constitutional Court also was not designed to hear constitutional complaints of ordinary citizens.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/lcp/articles/lcp65dSpring2002p251.htm (16025 words)

	Roman Dmowski: bio and encyclopedia article
		He organized a student street demonstration (demonstration: A public display of group feelings (usually of a political nature)) on the 100th anniversary of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		He was a Polish delegate (delegate: A person appointed or elected to represent others) at the Paris Peace Conference (Paris Peace Conference: more facts about this subject) and a signer of the Versailles Treaty (Versailles Treaty: the treaty of versailles of 1919 is the peace treaty created as a result of six months...
		He favored a national state, most of whose citizens would speak Polish and be of the Catholic (Catholic: A member of a Catholic church) faith.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/roman_dmowski (720 words)

	May 1 Biography @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base)
		On May 1, 1960, Maharashtra came into existence when Bombay State was split into the new linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
		May Day, Labour Day, Workers' Day, Day of the International Solidarity of Workers.
		These events are today commemorated as May Day or Labor Day in most industrialized countries.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/May_1 (1022 words)

	PAC Newsletter
		The second in the World and the first in Europe was the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 preceding the French September Constitution by several months.
		The American Constitution was forged in the fire of the American War of Independence, the French one was produced by the Revolution, while the Polish Constitution bloomed from bloodless changes effected by forces striving to recover independence for their own state and sovereignty over their nation.
		Scholarship applications for 2004 will be available at PACCM office as of May 15, 2004 and must be submitted by July 31, 2004.
	www.mitchozog.addr.com /Newsletter69_70.htm (1542 words)

	Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Hansard
		The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, consisted of 11 short but powerful clauses which emphasized freedom, democracy and the principle of inclusion.
		The 1791 Polish Constitution was only the second in the world, and the first in Europe, enacted for equal rights, universal education and the state care of orphans and the elderly.
		Resuming the debate adjourned on May 2, 2000, on the motion that this House approves in general the budgetary policy of the government.
	www.ontla.on.ca /hansard/house_debates/37_parl/session1/L052.htm (17994 words)

	Expatpol - portal polonii
		W święto uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 Maja prezydent wręczył odznaczenia w uznaniu znamienitych zasług dla Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, w szczególności za działalność na rzecz przemian demokratycznych i wolnej Polski.
		W sobotę, 6 maja Chicago będzie z pewnością bardziej polskie niż kiedykolwiek- w tym dniu odbędzie się bowiem Wielki Polski Festiwal, poprzedzony tradycyjną paradą 3 –majową.Festiwal „Drogi do wolności” ma być zwieńczeniem światowych obchodów 25 lecia NSZZ Solidarność.
		Pat Quinn, wicegubernator stanu Illinois zaprosił do swojego biura w Thompson Center, w centrum Chicago, kilkudziesięciu przedstawicieli Polonii na obchody rocznicy uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 Maja.
	expatpol.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&...&level=newyork (1228 words)

	facts
		The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 was the first European written constitution.
		The oldest democracy in modern European history took root in 15th century Poland; the Polish equivalent of the celebrated English Habeas Corpus Act (1679) was proclaimed in 1430; the parliamentary system of the 16th century Poland was equaled by that of England only in the 19th century.
		Compiled by Wlodzimierz J. Twierdochlebow and printed by the American Institute of Polish Culture newsletter Perspectives, they were reprinted with permission in the November 1990 edition of the Polish American Journal.
	www.polamjournal.com /Library/APHistory/facts/facts.html (632 words)

	WWW-Virtual Library - Polish History Index: Comment on Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791
		WWW-Virtual Library - Polish History Index > Chronological Index > Early Modern > 18th Century > Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 > Comment on Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791
		Post a new comment about Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791:
		Comments about Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791:
	historicus.umk.pl /vl/comments.php?id=162 (82 words)

	Polish-American Journal: Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 Celebrations@ HighBeam Research
		Polish-American Journal: Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 Celebrations@ HighBeam Research
		the anniversary of Poland's Constitution of May 3, 1791.
		constitution in the free world (the United States' is the oldest), it was
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1P1:99959470&refid=ink_tptd_np (168 words)

	cbs2chicago.com - Polish Pride Abounds At Constitution Day Parade
		Chicago is the home of the Polish National Alliance, and it has been commemorating Constitution Day here for 114 years.
		Poland was the first country in Europe to have a democratic constitution.
		With almost 900,000 people of Polish descent living in Chicago, it isn’t a surprise that so many came to the parade Saturday.
	cbs2chicago.com /topstories/local_story_127164239.html (316 words)

	Swobodin’s Blog » Blog Archive » WordPress Today Events
		1791 - The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first codified national constitution in Europe and the second oldest constitution in the world, was adopted.
		This entry was posted on Saturday, March 18th, 2006 at 12:08 pm and is filed under General, PHP, WordPress, History, Vim.
		1947 - A new Constitution of Japan went into effect.
	swobodin.fedora-tn.org /?p=247 (397 words)

	UK Indymedia - Polish school attempts to crush nonconformism
		which was more than 700 years earlier than the first Polish constitution
		He may soon risk being thrown out of school.
		In III LO, which is Senior High School III in the Polish city of
	www.indymedia.org.uk /en/2006/01/330942.html (460 words)

	House of Poland, Inc. - Polish cottage in Balboa Park, San Diego , California. - Events
		anniversary of the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first European written constitution.
		On the last Sunday in May there is a Food Fair, where all cottages offer their favorite national foods.
		A program of Polish music, songs and dances in colorful costumes from several regions of Poland.
	www.houseofpoland.org /html/events.html (286 words)

	Constitution of Poland - May 3, 1791 - Chicago Tradition
		Constitution of Poland - May 3, 1791 - Chicago Tradition
	www.polishconstitution.org /index1.html (19 words)

	Polish Heritage Month
		Whereas, The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, was directly modeled on the Constitution of the United States and was recognized as the second written constitution in history, being revered by Polish people and Americans of Polish descent; and,
		Whereas, Polish people and their American descendants have distinguished themselves by contributing to the development of the arts, sciences, government, military service, athletics and education in the United States; and,
		Whereas, The first Polish immigrants that came to North America were among the first settlers of Jamestown, Virginia, in the 17
	www.michigan.gov /gov/0,1607,7-168-23442_25488-104831--,00.html (233 words)

	Articles - The Age of Enlightenment
		This movement also provided a framework for the American and French Revolutions, the Latin American independence movement, and the Polish Constitution of May 3, and also led to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism, liberalism and fascism.
		The intellectual leaders of this movement regarded themselves as courageous and elite, and regarded their purpose as leading the world toward progress and out of a long period of doubtful tradition, full of irrationality, superstition, and tyranny (which they believed began during a historical period they called the "Dark Ages").
	www.deluxea.com /articles/The_Age_of_Enlightenment (334 words)

	From Inquiry to Publication
		In addition to its focus on the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the Polish movement for political reform, the book documents the history of Polish parliamentarism and the connection between the American, Polish, and French ideas of a democratic state at the end of the eighteenth century.
		Although short lived, the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791 was acknowledged as a milestone by republican thinkers in Europe and America.
		In the late eighteenth century, Poland was one of three countries, along with the United States and France, to adopt a constitution.
	www.indiana.edu /~rcapub/v21n3/p30.html (4418 words)

	1924 Soviet Constitution: Encyclopedia topic
		This constitution also altered the structure of the central government.
		The updated page can be found at: 1924 soviet constitution
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/1924_soviet_constitution (233 words)

	May3rdMain
		For information about these Polish Constitution Day Events, call the Polish American Congress, Eastern Pennsylvania District office, Monday through Friday, between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. at (215) 739-3408.
		Wednesday, May 3, 2006 - Polish Constitution Day Commemoration Program
		May 3rd Photos 2005 (Our Lady of Czestochowa) - Sunday May 1, 2005
	www.polishamericancenter.org /May3rdMain.htm (152 words)

	PhillyFunGuide: National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa
		This Polish spiritual and pilgrimage center features Catholic religious events.
	www.phillyfunguide.com /organization.php?id=946 (79 words)

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