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Topic: Polish Defence War of 1939

Related Topics

Polish September Campaign

Western betrayal

ORP Gryf

Polish navy

Battle of Wizna

September Campaign

Westerplatte

German army units invading Poland in 1939

Gotenhafen

Battle of Kock

Ignacy Moscicki

Dar Pomorza

President of Poland

Gdynia

Luftwaffe

	Edward Rydz-Smigly - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1912 Rydz was one of the founders of the Polish paramilitary organisation Riflemen's Association (Związek Strzelecki).
		After the 1919-21 war he was appointed the Inspector-General of the Polish Army in the Vilna district and later in Warsaw.
		On May 13, 1935, in accordance with the last wishes of Józef Piłsudski, Rydz was nominated by the president and the government of Poland to serve in the capacity of the Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces and on November 10, 1936 he was elevated to the rank of Marshal of Poland.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Edward_Rydz-Smigly (2249 words)

	Hrodna, Belarus
		It is also a centre of the Polish culture, with the majority of Belarusian Poles living in the city and its surroundings.
		After World War I, the German government gave the city to the short-lived Belarusian National Republic, and the administration of that state was established in Hrodna.
		During the Polish Defence War of 1939, the garrison of Grodno was mostly used for creation of numerous military units fighting against the invading Wehrmacht.
	www.creekin.net /c1348-n17-hrodna-belarus.html (891 words)

	Polish Navy Homepage 1939-1947 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Because of German air supremacy the Polish submarines were not able to enter Gdynia or Hela, but had to use neutral harbours (Rys and Sep in Stavans on 17 September, Zbik in Stavans on 27 September and Orzel in Tallinn on 15 September), where all but Wilk were interned.
		In Modlin KU 30 was incarnated to anti-aircraft defence.
		At the end of 1940, with the danger of invasion decreasing and the U-boat war increasing, the Polish destroyers were moved from their base at Plymouth to Greenock, on the Clyde.
	www.polishnavy.pl /history/index_03.html (2115 words)

	World War II
		Polish soldiers were not invited to participate in the victory parades which took place in 1945 in London and Moscow.
		At the outbreak of the war, Polish army was able to put in the field almost one million soldiers, 2800 guns, 500 tanks and 400 aircraft.
		On July 25th 1939, before the war began, the Polish intelligence (Section 2 of the General Staff) provided Great Britain and France with one copy each (with necessary documents) of the German coding machine "Enigma" that allowed to read the secret German messages.
	www.ww2.pl (247 words)

	Invasion of Poland (1939) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish Bofors 40 mm antiaircraft gun and a bombed Polish Army column during the Battle of the Bzura.
		Soviet occupation between 1939 and 1941 resulted in the death or deportation of least 1.8 million former Polish citizens, when all who were deemed dangerous to the communist regime were subject to sovietization, forced resettlement, imprisonment in labour camps (the Gulags) or simply murdered, like the Polish officers in the Katyn massacre.
		The Polish air force was destroyed on the ground in the first days of the war: The Polish Air Force, though numerically inferior, was not destroyed on the ground because combat units had been moved from air bases to small camouflaged airfields shortly before the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Defence_War_of_1939 (6587 words)

	Informat.io on Suwalki
		In February 1919 the local inhabitants took part in the first free elections to the Polish Sejm, but soon afterwards the German commanders changed their mind and expelled the Polish military units from the area and in May passed it to Lithuanian authority.
		During the Polish-Bolshevik War the city was captured by the Reds and after the Battle of Warsaw it was again passed to the Lithuanians, but it was retaken by the Polish Army with negligible losses soon afterwards.
		During the later stages of the Polish Defence War of 1939 the town was briefly captured by the Red Army.
	www.informat.io /?title=Suwalki (2007 words)

	World War 2: Polish Underground State
		Then, the outbreak of the German-Russian war in 1941, meant that the entire Polish territory was overrun by the Germans, whose long-term aim was to exterminate the Poles.
		The chief task of the AK was to prepare and execute a general uprising in Poland coordinated with the Allies in the final phase of the war, which would liberate Poland from the occupant in one fell swoop.
		The on-going struggle concentrated on self-defence (freeing prisoners and hostages, defence against pacification measures), and striking at the occupant's apparatus of terror (the physical liquidation of Gestapo and SS functionaries).
	www.warsawuprising.com /state.htm (878 words)

	Informat.io on Kielce
		During the Polish-Austrian War of 1809 it was captured by prince Józef Poniatowski and joined with the Duchy of Warsaw, but after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815 it was joined with the Kingdom of Poland.
		After the outbreak of the World War I Kielce were the first Polish city to be liberated from Russian rule by the Polish Legions under Józef Piłsudski.
		During the Polish Defence War of 1939 main part of the defenders of Westerplatte as well as armoured brigade of General Stanisław Maczek were either from Kielce or from its close suburbs.
	www.informat.io /?title=Kielce (1204 words)

	The Second World War
		There are many "myths" that surround the September Campaign; the fictional Polish cavalry charges against German tanks (actually reported by the Italian press and used as propaganda by the Germans), the alleged destruction of the Polish Air Force on the ground, or claims that Polish armour failed to achieve any success against the invaders.
		The Polish Navy, which had escaped intact, consisted of 60 vessels, including 2 cruisers, 9 destroyers and 5 submarines (one of which was the famous "Orzel") which were involved in 665 actions at sea.
		Approximately 5,384,000, or 89.9% of Polish war losses (Jews and Gentiles) were the victims of prisons, death camps, raids, executions, annihilation of ghettos, epidemics, starvation, excessive work and ill treatment.
	www.kasprzyk.demon.co.uk /www/WW2.html (1914 words)

	Polish Law Concerning Trials of War Criminals. United Nations War Crimes Commission, 1948
		August, 1944, concerning the punishment of Fascist-Hitlerite criminals guilty of murder and ill-treatment of the civilian population and of prisoners of war, and the punishment of traitors to the Polish nation.
		From the foregoing it appears that the Polish attitude towards the treatment of war criminals follows the general continental practice that before punishment is inflicted, an individual offender must be shown to have offended against some specific provision of Polish municipal law.
		Yet the Polish special legislation dealing with the heritage of war has at great length dealt with the types of offences which come within the notion of crimes against humanity, though not in the technical sense of the term as it is understood by the international enactments.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /WCC/polishlaw.htm (5729 words)

	The Early Cold War,1917-1939
		The Polish government was dominated by visions of restoration to great power status in its 18th century frontiers, reaching far into the Russian borderlands to the city of Kiev in the Ukraine.
		War, Allied blockade, civil war had reduced industrial production to something like 10% of pre-war levels - and Russia in 1914 was still a largely agricultural economy.
		This early cold war obsessed western governments and society, and it seriously impeded the defence of the west against Nazism in the 1930s.
	gozips.uakron.edu /~mcarley/COLDWAR.html (4213 words)

	All Empires - Westerplatte, 1939 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The first Polish army detachment arrived at Westerplatte on 18th January 1926 (Poland had the right to maintain a detachment of 88 soldiers at the dump).
		During the spring and summer of 1939, the Nazis did not even bother to conceal the militarization of Gdañsk, bringing in war materials and establishing military forces: SS-Heimwehr, SA, and police, the strength of which was two regiments.
		Her task was, in fact, to use her heavy artillery (four 280 mm and ten 150 mm guns) to destroy Polish objects on Westerplatte.
	www.allempires.com /articles/westerplatte/westerplatte1.htm (797 words)

	1939 Polish-Soviet War
		The problem ended in 1924 with the reorganisation of the cavalry arm, when the role of the mounted rifles was changed, and the regiments were organised as line cavalry and split into new units with the light horse and lancer regiments.
		During the spring of 1929, a new reorganisation of the cavalry was devised, and from 1929 to 1930, three of the four cavalry divisions were disbanded, and new brigades created of their regiments.
		The Polish army began its cycle of mobilisations in March 1939, when Germany and Hungary invaded and tore apart the rest of what was once Czechoslovakia, taking large tracts of land for themselves, and in the process establishing the independent state of Slovakia.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /web/history/WWII/soviet/cached_1939.htm (3003 words)

	Rydz-Smigly
		He served in that post during the Polish Defence War of 1939, which was the first stage of the Second World War.
		Drafted into the Austrian army in July 1914, Rydz was transferred in August to the Polish Legions and fought in the famous Polish 1st Brigade of Piłsudski.
		Realising that defence against both neighbours was impossible, Śmigły-Rydz issued orders for Polish forces to retreat towards Romania and avoid fighting the Soviet aggressors.
	www.savage-comedy.com /_Rydz-Smigly (2164 words)

	Amazon.com: Polish Aces of World War 2 (Osprey Aircraft of the Aces No 21): Books: Robert Gretzyngier,Wojtek Matusiak (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As the summer of 1939 wore on, the political situation in Europe left few doubts in most peoples' minds that war was imminent.
		By late 1939 and early 1940, with the collapse of the Polish resistance due to the overwhelming odds, most of the Polish air force escaped to France and England.
		The fighting the Polish aces accomplished throughout the war, with the aim of freeing their country from German rule, was replaced by anguish at their country now being put under Russian rule.
	www.amazon.com /Polish-Aces-World-Osprey-Aircraft/dp/1855327260 (1388 words)

	Kobrin or Kobryn, Brest-Litovsk, Russia now called Brest, Belarus. Other names are Brisk, Brestye, Berestie, Brzesc, ...
		The year the Thirty Years' War ended, the Ukrainian peasants were organized by Bogdan Chmielnitzky (or Chmielnicki) to avenge the high taxes and poverty.
		The Jews and their property suffering greatly, especially at the hands of the Polish soldiers, who mutinied on account of non-payment of their salaries and compensated themselves at the cost of the Jews.
		During the war between France and Russia (1812) on the 15th of July, 1812, Russian troops defeated a French detachment of General Klengel (4.000 soldiers).
	www.brest-belarus.com /Kobrin.shtml (5318 words)

	War Crimes - SCC Forums
		BTW the Holocost is NOT a war crime.
		It is a crime against humanity but certainly not a war crime.
		September 1939 Bromberg Bloody Sunday up to 8000 Bydgoszcz, Poland Killing of between 358 and 5,000 ethnic Germans during the Polish Defence War of 1939 and subsequent massacre of ~3,000 Polish civilians as a reprisal.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=8774 (985 words)

	Planet Hamster - No Pants Day, Eric's devious plans, Wikipedia birthday history meme, my theme song
		The territory to become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.
		1924 - The Border Defence Corps was established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.
		1939 - The Soviet Union joined Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland during the Polish Defence War of 1939.
	www.greatestjournal.com /users/flamsterette_x/557241.html (1741 words)

	World War II (1939-1945) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Letter from general Władysław Sikorski to the Polish Government Delegate concerning the solidarity against the occupier
		Collection of the most valuable documents concerning important and interesting facts of Polish history.
		The project created to help genealogical researchers, to uncover their Polish ancestry.
	www.poland.pl /archives/ww2/index.htm (193 words)

	PIEKARA v. POLAND - 77741/01 [2004] ECHR 261 (15 June 2004)
		2. The Polish Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agents, Mr K. Drzewicki, and subsequently, Mr J. Wołąsiewicz of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
		The Office found that the applicant had failed to provide evidence of his participation in the Polish Defence War in September 1939.
		He argued that the proceedings were of extreme importance to him because the “veteran status” would have been a formal recognition of his sacrifices during the defence of Warsaw in 1939.
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/ECHR/2004/261.html (1856 words)

	kaiser80
		After the outbreak of the WWI Kielce was the first Polish city to be liberated from Russian rule by the Polish Legions under Józef Piłsudski.
		During the occupation that lasted for most of the WWII the town was an important centre of resistance.
		A small town of Pińczów located some 30 kilometres from Kielce became the capital of the so-called Pinczów Republic, a piece of Polish land controlled by the partisans.
	www.freerepublic.com /~kaiser80 (456 words)

	Invasion of Poland (1939) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition, supply lines, were often poorly protected.
		For all numbers, primary source is Encyklopedia PWN, article on 'KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939'
		Soviets lost approximately 42 tanks in combat while hundreds more suffered technical failures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Defence_War (6577 words)

	Refugees at Caribbean Topfunwebsites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As such they are the only refugee population legally defined to include descendants of refugees, although many other refugee populations (notably the Biharis) have remained in refugee camps for more than a generation, making their children effectively if not legally refugees; see Palestinian refugee.
		Civilian refugees during the Polish Defence War of 1939:
		Image:Reffugees4.jpgA child in front of its house, bombed by the Luftwaffe
	www.topfunwebsites.com /haiti/refugees.html (530 words)

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