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Topic: Polish Home Army

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	Wilno Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wilno and Nowogródek Home Army districts were to liberate the city before the Soviets could reach it.
		Commander of the Wilno Home Army District, General Aleksander Krzyżanowski "Wilk", decided to regroup all partisan units in the north-eastern Poland for the assault - both from inside the city and from the outside.
		In the eastern suburbs the Home Army units cooperated with reconnaissance units of the Soviet 3rd Belorussian Front.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wilno_Uprising (493 words)

	Armia Krajowa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Armia Krajowa or AK (Home Army) functioned as the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland, which was active in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945.
		As a clandestine army operating in a country occupied by the enemy, separated by over a thousand kilometers from any friendly territory, the AK faced unique challenges in acquiring arms and equipment.
		The arms and equipment for Armia Krajowa mostly came from four sources: arms buried by the Polish armies on the battlefields after the September Campaign in 1939, arms purchased or captured from the Germans and their allies, arms clandestinely manufactured by Armia Krajowa itself, and arms received from Allied air drops.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armia_Krajowa (1873 words)

	Warsaw Uprising Witnesses: John Ward Dispatches I
		Polish troops fought in France in 1940; later Polish pilots took part in the battle of Britain, her troops fought at Tobruk, and are still fighting in Italy and France.
		A short truce was arranged yesterday between German and Polish forces fighting in the Sejm grounds with the object of clearing away the dead and carrying in the wounded.
		Home Army soldiers called on them to escape to the Polish lines, but were told that if they did so the Germans would execute Polish hostages imprisoned in the Sejm building.
	www.warsawuprising.com /doc/dispatches_print2.htm (3518 words)

	Polish history from the X century through the Golden Age of Poland, Dependency, World Wars, to the Communism State and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Polish history begins with the semi-legendary ruler Mieszko I, who in AD 965 united the Polanie tribe of the Warta valley with neighbouring groups who were culturally related.
		This meant that from this time on Polish kings were elected for life by an assembly of the whole nobility, from landlords owning villages and great amounts of land to the owners of a few acres of arable land.
		When the Red Army reached the River Vistula in Warsaw, the Home Army attacked the Germans with the aim of liberating the capital of Poland before the arrival of the Soviet Army.
	escape2poland.home.pl /history.html (1592 words)

	World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ
		The Home Army, 380,000 soldiers at its peak, was the military wing of the Underground State.
		The Home Army was dissolved on 01/19/45, and underground administrative structures on 07/01/45.
		The Home Army interpreted this call as an attempt to neutralize and destroy the underground forces and urged everybody to ignore it.
	www.warsawuprising.com /faq.htm (2063 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Poland remembers uprising against Nazis
		Soldiers from the Polish Home Army carry a wounded comrade during the Warsaw uprising against the Nazis.
		Antoni Chrusciel was chief of the Home Army resistance movement in Nazi-occupied Warsaw and commanded the thousands of largely teenage insurgents who rose up against the Germans on Aug. 1, 1944.
		After the uprising, many Polish Home Army troops who took part in the failed battle were prosecuted by Moscow-trained Communists eager to impose their rule.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2001993673_uprising31.html (621 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 3 \| 1944: Poles surrender after Warsaw uprising
		The Germans have crushed a rebellion in Warsaw led by the Polish Home Army.
		An official message from Commander of the Polish Home Army Colonel Monter on behalf of leader of the uprising General Bor said: "Warsaw has fallen after having exhausted all means of fighting and all food supplies on the 63rd day of her heroic struggle against the overwhelming superiority of the enemy."
		The chairman of the Soviet-backed Communist Polish Committee of National Liberation, known as the Lublin Committee, said Allied aid from East and West was urgently needed to avert "a tragedy of the first magnitude".
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/low/dates/stories/october/3/newsid_3560000/3560811.stm (622 words)

	Warsaw Ghetto Fights and Polish Home Army Q's and A's
		On obtaining convincing evidence from the Polish Underground that deportations were in fact to the death camps, the Jewish Combat Organisation (ZOB - Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa) decided to put up a fight against the SS and Police attempting to liquidate the Ghetto.
		A.:There was a reluctance by GHQ Home Army to provide arms to the Warsaw Ghetto due to the fact that there were so few arms, and that providing the Ghetto from the meagre supplies would diminish further the armed potential of the Home Army without enabling the Jewish insurgents to be successful.
		However taking into account scarcity of weapons in the Home Army and the great difficulties and danger involved in transporting them through Warsaw and into the Ghetto (by then completely sealed off by German Police and their Lithuanian auxiliaries) the efforts of the Home Army to help the Jewish insurgents should be regarded as creditable.
	www.polishresistance-ak.org /5%20Article.htm (1150 words)

	POLAND ONLINE - HISTORY AND CULTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Polish position was made impossible by the invasion of eastern Poland on Sept. 17, 1939, by Soviet forces in accordance with a secret agreement made between the Soviets and Nazi Germany.
		The Polish government in exile in London formed a Polish army, navy, and air force composed of refugee Poles.
		When the Soviet Army entered Poland in 1944 and was approaching Warsaw, the home army received orders to liberate the capital city from the Germans before the Soviets arrived.
	www.polandonline.com /history.html (2041 words)

	Warsaw Uprising Documents: John Ward Dispatches I
		Twenty-three soldiers of the Polish Home Army were stationed in the works before that hour because they were employed there in the normal course of things, expecting the outbreak of the uprising.
		It is a battle that is being carried on as much by the civil population a; by A. K., the troops of the Polish Home Army.
		The two Polish people who brought the message say that the Germans have constructed a crematorium and are shooting and burning about 300 men daily.
	www.warsawuprising.com /doc/dispatches1.htm (3441 words)

	Leopold Okulicki
		Leopold Okulicki was born in Poland in 1898.
		The advancing Soviet troops refused to accept the authority of the Polish government-in-exile and disarmed members of the Polish Home Army they met during the invasion.
		British and Polish airmen flew in supplies from bases in Italy but it was difficult to drop the food and ammunition to places still in the hands of the rebels.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /POLokulicki.htm (591 words)

	Armia Krajowa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Armia Krajowa or AK (Home Army) functioned as the pre-eminent underground military organization in German-occupied Poland, which functioned in all areas of the country from September 1939 until its disbanding in January 1945.
		The Home Army, the largest underground resistance army during World War II, formed the armed wing of what subsequently became known as the "underground state" (państwo podziemne).
		While the insurgents released a few hundred prisoners from the Gesia St. concentration camp and carried out fierce street-fighting, the Germans eventually defeated the rebels and burned the city, finally quelling the Rising only on 2 October 1944.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/armia_krajowa (714 words)

	World War II Multimedia Database
		The Red Army Offensive in the spring of 1944 reached Warsaw by the late summer.
		In addition to the Polish airborne and regular units serving with the Allied armies in the west, a sizable irregular force was organizing in Warsaw.
		The London Polish Government-in-Exile sent orders to the Polish Home Army that they would liberate the Polish capital themselves, sending a message that Poland would not be indebted to or under the influence of the Soviet Union.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/warsaw.htm (444 words)

	Polish-American Heritage on the Niagara Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Polish influence in Western New York can be traced back to Pieter Stadnitski, one of the partners of the Holland Land Office Company; the Dutch company which purchased and brought settlers to the area in the early 19th century.
		The Matthew Urban Community Center (Formerly The Polish Community Center), 1081 Broadway, Buffalo, NY 14214 (716) 893-7222 is housed in "Dom Polski," or the Polish Home.
		The Home was organized in 1905 to assist Polish immigrants in adapting to their new country.
	buffalolore.buffalonet.org /polish/polish.htm (3138 words)

	Warsaw Uprising
		The Home Army's objectives were to liberate the capital and assert the claim of the government in exile as the legitimate Polish government.
		Polish success was contingent on the continued advance of the Red Army, units of which had already crossed the Vistula River both north and south of Warsaw.
		The Polish gold reserves, which had been spirited out of Poland in 1939, and had indeed paid for most of the expenses of the Polish armies under Western Allied command, were unaccountably returned to the Communist government in Poland, with the result that many Polish veterans were left without any means of future sustenance.
	www.polamjournal.com /Library/APHistory/Warsaw_Uprising/warsaw_uprising.html (2242 words)

	The Warsaw Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Background: By summer 1944, as the Red Army was advancing from the east, the German occupying forces were perceived to be on the defensive in Poland.
		The Soviets were encouraging the Polish Home Army, directed by the Polish Government-in-Exile in London, to wrest Warsaw from German control; the Germans at that point had a comparatively small military presence in the Polish capital.
		But troubling to the Polish partisans was that as the Soviets "liberated" eastern Poland, they left in their wake a pro-Communist civil authority, exemplified by the Lublin Committee in Lublin.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rescuers/book/damski/dlinks/warsupris.html (433 words)

	Home Army - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, Canada, Germany, Sabotage, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Home Army, Australia, Canada, Germany, Sabotage, United Kingdom, United States...
		The term usually refers to the Polish Home Army, or Armia Krajowa.
		In respect of the Allied countries not invaded, such as Britain, Australia, Canada and the United States, the term might be used relating to the forces within the respective country concerned with that countries defence and security, or to differentiate between forces within that country and forces it had deployed outside its borders.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Home_Army.html (263 words)

	The Warsaw Rising
		Members of the Home Army despite spearheading many battles in the run up to the liberation of Warsaw were barred from entering captured towns and cities as this reduced the impact of Soviet propaganda.
		When the Soviet army reached the eastern outskirts of Warsaw and entered the district of Praga, the final stages of operation Burza were implemented.
		The Government in Exile remained fiercely independent of British and American interference and the Polish section of the SOE (known as MP) was run by Colonel Perkins also had need of special liaison group (EU/P) headed by Major Hazell to avoid duplication or strategic clashes (Marks, 2000).
	www.polandinexile.com /rising.htm (1444 words)

	POLISH HOME ARMY (AK) - HISTORY
		At the same time the rules were established for the use of women in the Home Army and in the security forces during the uprising.
		AK Units fighting against the German army behind the front lines and representatives of the underground civilian government were ordered to reveal themselves to the advancing Soviet Army and present themselves as representative of the Polish Republic and act as hosts in their own country.
		After the Soviet armies occupied the remainder of western Poland, based on a decision of the President of Poland (in London), Gen. Okulicki issued an order closing down the Home Army on January 19, 1945.
	www.biega.com /museumAK/hak-e.html (3258 words)

	Vehicles of the Wehrmacht (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Same vehicle was captured by the soldiers of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa - AK) on August 14th of 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising in the Powisle district of Warsaw.
		Polish soldiers modified the vehicle for city fighting by adding armor plates over the open fighting compartment and front wheels along with modifications to the MG shield.
		Polish Home Army also captured another vehicle of this type on August 7th of 1944, during the fighting in the Starowka (Old City) district, but it did not see much action.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/3620/251d_1.htm (227 words)

	>From Polskie Dzieje - "Od czasow Najdawniejszych do wspolczesnych" published
		The Polish Resistance movement was one of the largest and most elaborate resistance movements of its kind in Europe.
		The Army reached the pinnacle of its activity in late 1943 and 1944.
		The Polish Home Army was primarily made up of young men and women, and eventually children, born during the 21-year “interwar” period (1918-1939).
	www.amopod.org /uprising/nbcpkt1.htm (2743 words)

	Polish Home Army Museum Webpage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Home Army Museum (Muzeum Armii Krajowej) is the only museum in Poland that provides a total view of the Polish fight against invaders and occupiers from east and west over the last 100 years.
		Of course, its main emphasis is on the largest, and longest lasting anywhere in Europe, struggle against the Nazi invaders in World War II.
		The Committee appeals to all living members of the Polish Home Army (AK), and to surviving families of those deceased, to donate any artifacts - documents, insignia, uniforms, photographs, etc - to the Museum.
	www.biega.com /museumAK/AKMuseum.html (156 words)

	New Exhibit Commemorates Warsaw Uprising of 1944 \| Saint Louis University
		The 40 photographs were taken during the 63 days of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising of the Polish Home Army.
		Janusz Zadarnowski, national president of the Polish Home Army (AK) Veteran's Association, and Elbieta Krasicka-Reavis, Polish Home Army (AK) veteran, will be among the panel members.
		The exhibit and corresponding activities are sponsored by Pius XII Memorial Library, the Russian and East European studies program, the department of history, the Committee for the Commemoration of the Warsaw Uprising, the Polish Home Army (A.K.) Veterans Association and the Polish Consulate of St. Louis.
	www.slu.edu /readstory/more/4734 (269 words)

	Polish Victims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The aim was to kill Polish leaders with great speed, thus instilling fear in the general population and discouraging resistance.
		Approximately 50,000 Polish children were taken from their families, transferred to the Reich, and subjected to "Germanization" policies.
		It was represented on Polish soil by the underground "Delegatura," whose primary function was to coordinate the activities of the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa).
	www.ushmm.org /wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005473 (474 words)

	The Institute of World Politics > News & Publication > The historical significance of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising
		On 1 August 1944, the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa), the fighting forces of the Polish Underground State, buoyed by the invasion of Normandy by British, American, and Canadian forces and the arrival of the Red Army on the east bank of the Vistula River, began the Warsaw Rising against the occupying German Army (Wehrmacht).
		Stalin deliberately waited until the Polish Home Army was exhausted in the sixty-three days of battle against the Germans in its valorous attempt to liberate its capital by itself before he ordered the Red Army to cross the Vistula and enter Warsaw three months later.
		Stalin knew too that the Home Army was the force that would insist on Polish independence even unto war against the Soviet Union.
	www.iwp.edu /news/newsID.106/news_detail.asp (1266 words)

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