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	Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Polish Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich, SBSK) was a Polish military unit formed in 1940 in French Syria of the Polish soldiers exiled after the Invasion of Poland in 1939.
		The main base of the brigade was established in Homs and the new unit instantly entered the ranks of the French Armee de Levant.
		On December 13 the Carpathian Uhlan Regiment was detached while the remainder of the brigade was attached to the 13th Corps of the 8th Army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Independent_Carpathian_Brigade (771 words)

	DEFENSE OF FRANCE
		In 1940 the First Polish Grenadier Division was deployed southwest of Nancy, France, where in a two-day battle at Lagarde on June 17 and 18 it defended successfully its sector but had to withdraw because retreating French divisions exposed both of its flanks to the enemy.
		After the French surrendered, the Polish Carpathian Brigade in Syria moved to the British Protectorate of Palestine to continue the fight against the Germans alongside the British.
		The Polish air force in France, with its eighty-six fighter planes, shot down fifty German aircraft during the campaign, losing eleven of its own pilots in the air and fifteen on the ground.
	www.apacouncil.org /ww2/5df.html (713 words)

	Polish contribution to World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In 1940 a Polish Highland Brigade took part in the Battle of Narvik (Norway), and two Polish divisions (First Grenadier Division, and Second Infantry Fusiliers Division) took part in the defense of France, while a Polish motorized brigade and two infantry divisions were in process of forming.
		The Polish Air Force in France comprised eighty-six aircraft in four squadrons, one and a half of the squadrons being fully operational while the rest were in various stages of training.
		These Soviet-created Polish army units on the Eastern Front included the First, the Second and the Third Polish Armies (the latter was later merged with the second), with 10 infantry divisions and 5 armored brigades.
	www.cheguevara.co.za /wiki/Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II (3495 words)

	(Chapter 1)
		The Polish Army saw action again in 1941 as the Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade was moved to Tobruk in North Africa to take part in its defence, besieged as it was by German and Italian troops.
		The Polish Independent Parachute Brigade under General Sosabowski had wanted to parachute into Poland to help the ill-fated rising in Warsaw that had broken out on the 1st August, 1944, but were dropped instead at Arnhem as part of operation "Market-Garden" to fight alongside the British 1st Airborne Division and to suffer the same defeat.
		Polish submarines patrolled the North Sea and the Mediterranean; Polish warships served in the Atlantic and Murmansk convoys; the Polish Navy saw service in the Narvik campaign, the Dunkirk evacuation, the assault on Dieppe, hunting the Bismark, the invasion of Sicily and the invasion of France on D-Day.
	www.angelfire.com /ok2/polisharmy/chapter1.html (4118 words)

	Świat Polonii
		Polish soldiers evacuated from camps where they were interned - in Romania and Hungary - as well as volunteers fleeing from their occupied motherland became the basis of the formation, in Syria, of the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade.
		The Independent Brigade of Carpathian Marksmen, after its reinforcement with one Australian and one Czechoslovakian batallion, took up position on the southern stretch of defence.
		Uniform emblem of the 3rd Division of Carpathian Marksmen
	polonia-polska.pl /index.php?id=epb08 (581 words)

	PolishMilitaria.com History Articles
		Polish naval units that had not been engaged in the opening hostilities, including three destroyers and two submarines, made their way to allied ports where they were re-supplied and integrated into the allied order of battle under the Polish exile government.
		Nevertheless, at the urging of the Polish government in exile and because of the need for combat troops to sustain the allied offensive in Italy, the 2nd Corps was transferred to the British 8th Army in December 1943 and was stationed along the Sangro River Line to gain combat experience.
		The 1st Parachute Brigade was authorized by the Polish government in exile in late 1941 and placed under the command of the irascible General Stanislaw Sosabowski, an officer with a distinguished prior military career.
	www.polishmilitaria.com /articles_detail.php?ID=9 (4562 words)

	Other Polish Vehicles
		H was used by the Warsaw Tank Brigade of the 2nd Corps in Italy during 1944.
		Polish ISU-152s were used in combat during the battles on Wal Pomorski (Baltic harbor), near Szczecin city, (old North Prussia), and in the Berlin Operation.
		Polish units on the east used 20 M-17 MGCs, which were received by the Poles in January of 1945.
	mailer.fsu.edu /~akirk/tanks/pol/OtherPolish.htm (3544 words)

	Poles in Ireland - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - Polonia is the Latin name for Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A large proportion of the Polish citizens who migrated in the early twentieth century were Polish Jews, and are also a part of the Jewish diaspora.
		The Canadian Polish Congress is an umbrella organization founded in 1944 by Polish-Canadians in Canada to coordinate the activities and to articulate the concerns of the Canadian Polish community on public policy issues.
		The Polish community in the Czech Republic is concentrated in Cieszyn Silesia (so-called Zaolzie), in the north-east of the country.
	www.rockypointnyus.com /details/Poles_in_Ireland (1901 words)

	Combat Mission: Afrika Korps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the meantime, some Polish troops had already been fighting under British command; an Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade fought at Tobruk and in the Western Desert, and with units newly arrived from the Soviet Union became the 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division.
		The 3rd Carpathian Rifle Division began landing at Taranto in December 1943, and by April 1944, the remainder of the Polish forces had moved from Egypt to Italy by way of Taranto, Bari and Naples.
		Polish troops of the first Independent Commando Company were the first to see combat in Italy, at the Garigliano River.
	members.shaw.ca /madorosh/orgpolish.htm (474 words)

	Polish Facts and Figures in World War II.
		In December 1939, the Polish National Council, an advisory body acting in the absence of an electoral parliament, was appointed and Ignacy Paderewski elected as its chairman.
		Finally the Polish death-rate was steadily decreasing, from 16.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 1925, it fell to 15.5 in 1930, and to 14.0 in 1937.
		The value of Polish imports by sea increased from 27.4% in 1928 to 65.5% in 1937; similarly the value of Polish exports by sea rose from 25.2% in 1928 to 66.2% in 1937.
	bolekchrobry.tripod.com /polishinformationcenter19391945/id9.html (6005 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In this western attack he had to destroy the British 150th Infantry Brigade box in order to break through to his lines.
		He then weathered a somewhat late and uncoordinated Allied counterattack, dispatched strong forces southward to clear the Free French out of Bir Hakeim, and then resumed his eastward advance with his armour once more sweeping around the remaining positions in a repeat of his initial moves several days earlier.
		Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade (Tobruk-Bardia-El Mekili-Carmuset er Regem)
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Battle_of_Gazala (708 words)

	Polish WWII ace died today. [Archive] - Military Photos
		Polish contribution to World War II Beginning the World War II, Poland was invaded and occupied in the Polish September Campaign by the German forces.
		Polish army units on the Eastern Front included the 1st Polish Army and the 2nd Polish Army, with 10 infantry divisions and 5 armoured brigades.
		Polish cryptographers were able to decrypt early versions of Enigma and gave the results of their work to British.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-26927.html (11715 words)

	EUROPEAN MILITARY RECORDS - Genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Persons who fought in Polish units in the First World War, the 1918-21 War and the Second World War who live or lived outside Poland (USA, Canada and France especially) were often members of this Association.
		WW II Polish Exile records are maintained by the Sikorski Institute.
		Anyone with POLISH, LITHUANIAN, UKRAINIAN, RUSSIAN or PRUSSIAN ancestry can request a search of the original documents relevant to the Polish, Lithuanian and Russian refugees who had fought in the Polish Revolution of 1830-1831 and who chose to emigrate to America rather that accept the "amnesty" offered by the Czar of Russia.
	maxpages.com /poland/Military_Records_Europe - !http://maxpages.com/poland/Military_Records_Europe (954 words)

	Bull Burrows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Australians, apart from the 2nd/43rd were relieved on the 2nd of October by the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade (Samodzielna Brygada Strzelców Karpackich - SBSK).
		At the unveiling of the Memorial in the Tobruk War Cemetery, the late Chester Wilmot, in a description of the ceremony, concluded by saying "Their real monument is their name and their most honoured resting place is in the grateful hearts of their fellow men".
		Three of Polish Battalions which were defending the part of line as long as 20 km were supported.
	www.oldcollegiansrugby.org.au /history/gallery/burrows.shtml (2155 words)

	Polish Contribution To World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Polish Contribution To World War II Polish Contribution To World War II
		As early as 1940, Polish agents (see Witold Pilecki) penetrated German concentration camps, including Auschwitz, and informed the world about Nazi atrocities.
		Polish aircrew losses serving with Bomber Command 1940-45 were 929 killed.
	www.infoforyou.org /input.php?title=Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II (3512 words)

	Combat Mission: Afrika Korps
		Formed in April 1940 from Polish exiles in the French Levant (today known as Syria), as part of the French forces there.
		From there, the Brigade moved to combat in North Africe, and in Mar 1942, withdrew through Egypt back to Palestine to reorganize.
		The Division of Carpathian Rifls was formed in the spring of 1942; the former Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade became the 1st Carpathian Rifle Brigade.
	members.shaw.ca /madorosh/divspol.htm (128 words)

	Fallen Soldiers 1
		Part Two: Polish soldiers buried in the cemetery at Newark-upon-Trent in England.
		Many soldiers were exhumed from their original graves and reburied in one of the large Polish military cemeteries (particulary at Monte Cassino, Bologna, Loreto, Casamassima and Langannerie).
		On the 17th of September 1939, together with two other unknown Polish soldiers, he made his way from the KOP outpost "Zochna", county Kostopol, province Wolyn, over to the Soviet side, under a white flag of truce, to inquire of the Soviets as to their intentions in crossing the Polish-Soviet border.
	felsztyn.tripod.com /id20.html (8630 words)

	Sosabowski Family Website
		During the 1939 Polish Campaign for his actions as Regimental Commander during the Siege of Warsaw, he was awarded the highest Polish decoration for bravery, the Virtuti Militari Cross.
		Later, when serving with the Polish Forces under British Command, as General, he was in command of the Polish Parachute Regiment, which took part in the airborne landings at Driel, near Arnhem, Holland, in 1944.
		She was awarded the Cross of Valour twice, the Polish military Medal three times, and the Cross of Merit.
	www.sosabowski.com /letter.html (1264 words)

	carpathian mountain country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As a unit specializing in mountain warfare, the brigade was thought of as a...
		The Carpathian and Tatra Mountains of Poland are situated in the south...
		Individuals from the Carpathian region registered as EMF members (grouped by country)...
	carpathian-mountain-country.continueto.info (345 words)

	Blitzkrieg @ GamersInfo.net
		The Rats of Tobruk was the name given to the soldiers who held Tobruk, Libya against the Afrika Corps, during a period known as the Siege of Tobruk in World War II.
		ANZAC soldiers, the Australian 9th Division and the 18th Brigade of the 7th Division under Lieutenant General Leslie Morshead, consisted of 14,000 men -- more than half of the Allied presence in Tobruk.
		Though other forces present included (in alphabetic order) British, Indian, Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade, and others, Tobruk was an Australian Garrison.
	blitzkrieg.gamersinfo.net /glossary/?id=8 (550 words)

	Recommended Reading: Polish Military History
		This is a large-format (9.5 x 12.5 in) picture book outlining the history of Polish Armed Forces in several theaters of operations outside of Poland in World War II.
		A multitude of well-captioned photographs dominates each page, but there is also text giving the background and chronology of each of the described operations.
		The title comes from the inscription in the Polish cemetery at Monte Cassino: "Passerby, tell Poland that we have fallen here faithful in Her service." An excellent short history of some major military operations, with the added interest of historical photos.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/lists/milhist.html (139 words)

	Polish Carpathian Bde
		Formed in the French Levant (Syria) from Polish exiles, as part of the French Army of the Levant.
		The brigade withdraws to Egypt, then Palestine to reorganise as part of The Division of Carpathian Rifles
		Reorganised as 1 Carpathian Rifle Brigade of The Division of Carpathian Rifles (later 3 Carpathian Rifles Division)
	homepages.force9.net /rothwell/polish.htm (106 words)

	Polish - Information
		Polish has two, can mean: the Polish people, or culture.
		disambig Psalter language Polish Psa 322;terz prominent poets Polish poet of of literature and language.
		Most also cavalry Towarzysz in Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade language Polish Samodzielna Brygada a Army Polish military unit the soldiers exiled the Defence War mostly Polish veterans of the soldiers were the Polish forces of polish.
	home.tiscali.de /onlineinfo/polish.html (255 words)

	Siege of Tobruk - Avoo - Ask Us A Question - The Siege of Tobruk was a lengthy confrontation between Axis and Allied ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Polish Independent Carpathian Brigade's offensive on Derna, November 12, 1941
		General Archibald Wavell instructed Morshead to hold the fortress for eight weeks, but instead they held it for over 8 months, before being gradually withdrawn and replaced by the British 70th Infantry Division and the Polish Carpathian Brigade and 11th Czechoslovak infantry battalion (East) just prior to the start of Operation Crusader.
		The Royal Navy also played an important role in Tobruk's defense; it provided gunfire support, ferried in supplies and fresh troops and ferried out the wounded.
	www.centralparknyusa.com /details/Siege_of_Tobruk (667 words)

	The Polish Air Force in Italy - Rimini - Spitfires 318 Squadron
		The Polish Air Force in Italy - Rimini - Spitfires 318 Squadron
		In Britain, the Poles' two fighter squadrons were increased to seven (302, 303, 306, 315, 316 and 317) and a further one was formed in Italy (318).
		The Poles flew a night fighter squadron (307), a fighter-reconnaissance squadron (309), two bomber squadrons (300 and 305), a Coastal Command bomber squadron (304), an artillery observation squadron in Italy (663) and a special duties flight (formerly 301 bomber squadron redesignated as 1586 Flight).
	www.polishsoldier.co.uk /polishquestion.htm (4121 words)

	What's New
		Added: 1 SA Brigade; 2 SA Brigade; 3 SA Brigade; 4 SA Brigade; 5 SA Brigade; 6 SA Brigade; 7 SA Brigade; 8 SA Brigade; 9 SA Brigade; 10 SA Brigade; 11 SA Brigade; 12 SA Brigade; 13 SA Brigade
		Added: 24 Guards Infantry Brigade (attached to 6 SA Armoured Division in Italy)
		Added: Allied Forces - Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade (attached to 1 SA Infantry Division in North Africa)
	homepages.force9.net /rothwell/OBnew.htm (302 words)

	Western Desert Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The overall Allied field command now became British Eighth Army, formed from units from many countries, including another two divisions from the Australian Army and the Indian Army, but also including divisions of South Africans, New Zealanders, a brigade of Free French under Marie-Pierre Koenig and the Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade.
		After the Empire of Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, much of the Indian and Australian forces were withdrawn from the Western Desert to their respective homelands, while the 7th Armoured Division was withdrawn and British 7th Armoured Brigade participated in the defense of Burma.
		The relatively inexperienced British 1st Armoured Division formed the principal defense around El Agheila, and Rommel's Afrika Korps was easily able to force it back across the Cyrenaican bulge once replacements and resupply had arrived in January 1942.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Western_Desert_Campaign.html (1496 words)

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