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Topic: Polish September Campaign 1939

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	Poland in World War II September 1, 1939 - May 8, 1945 - World War II Multimedia Database
		Poland’s army in 1939 was totally unprepared for the new warfare it found itself in.
		By September 16, German artillery ringed Warsaw, and the Nazis gave the Poles an ultimatum: surrender or face bombardment.
		Some 100,000 Polish soldiers would escape to form the Free Polish Brigade in England, where they would fight in the air during the Battle of Britain and on land after the Normandy invasion.
	www.worldwar2database.com /html/poland.htm (1027 words)

	Polish September Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish forces abandoned regions of Pomerania, Greater Poland and Silesia in the first week of the campaign, after a series of battles known as the battle of the border.
		From 17 to 20 September, the Polish Armies "Kraków" and "Lublin" were crippled at the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski, the second largest battle of the campaign.
		At the end of the September Campaign, Poland was divided among Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Lithuania and Slovakia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_September_Campaign (6306 words)

	Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1939 Germany did have an advantage over the tiny Polish fleet, and the Western Allies were unwilling and unprepared to challenge the Kriegsmarine on the small, land-locked Baltic Sea.
		The Polish Army was fairly strong in numbers (~1 million soldiers), but much of it was not mobilised by the 1st September, as the Polish government, advised in this by the British and French governments, constantly hoped that the war could be resolved (at least for the time being) through diplomatic channels.
		In 1939, the Polish main fighter, the PZL P.11, designed in early the 1930s, was becoming obsolete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Opposing_forces_in_the_Polish_September_Campaign (2439 words)

	7TP - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The 7TP was the Polish development of the British Vickers 6-ton (Mk.E) tank licence.
		All 7TP tanks took part in combat in the Polish September Campaign in 1939, used in two light tank battalions (the 1st and the 2nd) and in Warsaw Defence units.
		Apart from the 7TP, the Polish Army used Vickers 6-Ton tanks and TK-3 and TKS tankettes.
	open-encyclopedia.com /7TP (235 words)

	Achtung Panzer ! - Invasion of Poland (Fall Weiss) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Polish Campaign is surrounded by numerous myths such as the destruction of Polish Airforce in the opening hours of the invasion and Polish Cavalry charges against German armored units.
		Polish Airforce was deployed at numerous airfields and although numerically inferior and partially obsolete was very active during the course of the campaign (e.g.
		Polish cavalry brigades never charged tanks with their sabres or lances as they were equipped with anti-tank weapons such as 37mm Bofors wz.36 (model 1936) anti-tank guns (that could penetrate 26mm armor at 600m at 30 degrees).
	www.achtungpanzer.com /polcamp.htm (2527 words)

	German Attack on Poland - September 1939 - Polish Aviation History Page
		Not surprisingly, combat attrition proved high for Army fighter squadrons, and by September 10 all but one Army fighter wings were moved east of Vistula, where a futile attempt to rebuild the Pursuit Brigade and charge it with the defence of Lublin area was being made.
		As the Polish command had promised their West-European allies not to bomb any targets on German territory, it was decided that the Brigade would support ground troops by attacking enemy motorized and Panzer columns.
		Polish aircraft were indeed a rare sight those days, thus, when they did appear, they were almost automatically assumed to be German.
	ww2-aviation.net /polavhist/sept39.html (2296 words)

	World War II : World war II
		The accepted view is that the war began in earnest on September 1, 1939 with the raid of Poland by Nazi Germany, and concluded on September 2, 1945 with the official surrender of the last Axis force, Japan.
		In May of 1939, Italy and Germany thus formed the Pact of Steel, which further deepened their alliance and firmly established the later Axis powers of the war.
		September 28th 1939 the three Baltic Republics were given no choice but to permit Soviet bases and troops on their territory.
	www.wordlookup.net /wo/world-war-ii.html (4433 words)

	POLISH NEWS - Polish History Page - THE POLISH CAMPAIGN OF SEPTEMBER 1939 IN PERSPECTIVE. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On September 5, the Polish military attaché' in London went to the Air Ministry with an urgent request for the Royal Air Force to launch raids against Germany.
		A resistance movement was organized by the major Polish political parties not only in the German-controlled regions toward the end of September 1939, but also later and on a smaller scale in the Soviet zone of occupation.
		Moreover, to preserve the continuity of Polish statehood a government-in-exile was formed in France by General Wladyslaw Sikorski, who became its Prime Minister, as well as Commander-in-Chief of all Polish armed forces, at home and abroad.
	www.polishnews.com /fulltext/history/2001/history5.shtml (2268 words)

	Poland
		A Polish government-in-exile was formed in London under the leadership of Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz, Wladyslaw Sikorski and Stanislaw Mikolajczyk.
		A Polish government-in-exile in London demanded an investigation of the deaths by the Red Cross.
		From the first dark days of the Polish catastrophe and the brutal triumph of the German war machine until the moment of his death on Sunday night he was the symbol and the embodiment of that spirit which has borne the Polish nation through centuries of sorrow and is unquenchable by agony.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSpoland.htm (5802 words)

	Wikinfo \| World War II:Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The war in Europe began in earnest on September 1, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, and concluded on September 2, 1945, with the official surrender of the last Axis nation, Japan.
		The extension of the campaign beyond the length that the Germans expected meant that the German Army suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties in the bitter cold of the Russian winter, and from the counterattacks of Soviet units.
		Stalingrad was captured, however the course of the campaign took a turn for the worse due to disparate objectives, and a lack of focus.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=World_War_II (4043 words)

	Polish September Campaign - Wikiquote
		Last night they did not send us a plenipotentiary, but instead informed us through their ambassador that they were still considering whether and to what extent they were in a position to go into the British proposals...
		This morning the British Ambassador in Berlin handed the German Government a final note stating that, unless we hear from them by 11 o'clock that they were prepared at once to withdraw their troops from Poland, a state of war would exist between us.
		President Roosevelt proclaims neutrality on 3rd September 1939: "My countrymen and my friends, tonight my single duty is to speak to the whole of America.
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Polish_September_Campaign (1901 words)

	Jan Nowak-Jezioranski Dies - Wikinews
		Jan Nowak-Jeziorański fought in the Polish Army during the Polish September Campaign in 1939 as an artillery NCO.
		He quickly joined the Polish resistance and in 1940 became the main organiser of the Akcja N, a secret organisation preparing German-language newspapers and other propaganda material pretending to be official German publications, in order to wage psychological warfare against German troops.
		Between 1948 and 1976 he was one of the most notable personalities of the Polish division of the BBC radio agency.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/Jan_Nowak-Jezioranski_Dies (690 words)

	Untitled Document
		Nevertheless, the army couldn’t generate a consistent doctrine of armored force use, and in 1939, the Soviets were still employing the Tukhachevsky’s 1920 battering-ram tactics of massing of soldiers, tanks and guns as the means of achieving victory on the battlefield.
		The new doctrine was never implemented in its entire form during the September 1939 campaign, due to the opposition of the old generation of general rank officers who were prone to a conservative approach to the organization of army units.
		It should be noticed that the total number of tanks lost in the September 1939 campaign in Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union is approximately equal to the number of tanks lost by Polish armored forces.
	www.hetmanusa.org /engarticle2.html (1781 words)

	World War II
		In May of 1939, Italy and Nazi Germany formed the Pact of Steel, which further deepened their alliance and firmly established the Axis powers.
		On September 17, roughly two weeks after the German invasion, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, as had been agreed to between Hitler's Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, and his Soviet counterpart, Vyacheslav Molotov (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact).
		Germany's power was broken by the disastrous Russian campaign, while the ultimately successful invasion of France from the Normandy beachheads by the Western allies on June 6, 1944 opened up a third front.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/world_war_ii.htm (2935 words)

	RWD-8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The RWD-8 was a Polish trainer aircraft used from 1934 to 1939 by the Polish Air Force and Polish civilian aviation, constructed by the RWD team.
		The aircraft was designed in response to a Polish Air Force requirement of 1931 for a basic trainer aircraft.
		In the Polish September Campaign 1939, the RWD-8s were used in 13 liaison flights, three aircraft in each, assigned to Armies.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/R/RWD-8.htm (785 words)

	Buffalo Veterans, Waldemar Czyz, First Polish Armor Division
		The outbreak of war in 1939 found sixteen year old Waldemar Czyz, a first year university student and member of the Strzelec, (a para-military organization for teenagers) in his hometown of Wilno.
		Disregarding the shouts of their guards, they all ran over to talk to the soldier and were informed of the 1941 prisoner exchange agreement with the Soviet government.
		Threatening to strike if not allowed freedom to proceed to the Polish gathering points, the Polish workers were released in groups of ten as the Russian authorities found other laborers to replace them.
	www.classicbuffalo.com /VeteransCzyz.htm (1112 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Blitzkrieg: the September Campaign in Poland, September 8, 2003
		The Polish cavalry, an elite force, trained with lances, but the author rightly discusses the tactics used by them, that is that they fought dismounted as rifled infantry.
		The capability of the Polish forces to hold their own against their foe was demonstrated with the initial attack, in which the Poles slammed two German divisions backwards into retreat, capturing over 1,500 prisoners in the process.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0275982785 (1144 words)

	Poland in Exile - The Polish September Campaign 1939
		Poland in Exile - The Polish September Campaign 1939
		It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare.
		From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage.
	www.polandinexile.com /army1.htm (2539 words)

	World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ
		In addition to Polish and Action 'N' German language publications, there were 25 periodicals in Hebrew and Yiddish (in the Warsaw Ghetto), one in French, and one in English designed for POWs held in the German camps on Polish territory.
		Moreover, the first massive Allied airdrop took place on September 18th at the time the Uprising was already doomed.This delay was in large part caused by the Soviet Union's refusal to allow Allied planes on missions to Warsaw to land on its airfields.
		The Warsaw Uprising, on the other hand, was a struggle of the Polish underground which, between August 1, 1944 and October 2, 1944, conducted an armed struggle aimed at liberating Warsaw and its 1,000,000 inhabitants from the German occupation at the time the Soviet army was approaching the city limits from the east.
	www.warsawuprising.com /faq.htm (2075 words)

	Polish contribution to the Allied victory in World War 2 (1939-1945)
		Despite the severe defeat in 1939, the Poles formed five more armies, including four in exile: in France in 1939, in the United Kingdom in the summer of 1940 (after the defeat and capitulation of France), and twice in the USSR in 1941.
		The fifth Polish army, created at the end of September of 1939 was the conspiratorial armed force in the occupied territory.
		In the final stage of war the Polish troops on all the European fronts amounted to some 600 000 soldiers (infantry, armored troops, aircraft and navy).
	www.ww2.pl /Polish,contribution,to,the,Allied,victory,in,World,War,2,(1939-1945),132.html (442 words)

	Photogallery
		Polish Air Force in the campaign of 1939.
		Polish field bunkers from the campaign of 1939.
		The execution of some 300 Polish prisoners of war by the soldiers of the German 15th motorized infantry regiment.
	www.ww2.pl /Information,27.html (75 words)

	Jan J. Safarik: Aces (ISO-8859-2)
		:: World War II - Polish Campaign (1st September 1939 - 28th September 1939)
		Official List of Claims Against Enemy Aircraft of Polish Fighter Pilots in World War II "Polish Fighter Pilots Achievments during the Second World War"
		:: World War II - Polish Campaign (1st - 28th September 1939)
	aces.safarikovi.org (2325 words)

	Warfare HQ Downloads - Fall Weiss 1939
		The largest battle during this campaign took place near the Bzura river west of Warsaw from September 9-18 - it was the Polish attempt at a counterattack, that failed after an initial success.
		Secondly, the Polish airforce, though obsolete, was not destroyed on airfields, and remained active in the first two weeks of the campaign, causing some harm to the Germans.
		Poland, fulfiling her alliance with them, had not surrendered in 1939 - there was Polish Government-in-Exile and underground civil authorities, legal successors to pre-1939 government and the Poles continued to be an extremely restive population under Nazi rule.
	www.warfarehq.com /archives/showthread.php?t=411&highlight=poland (785 words)

	Britain Declares War On Germany, 1939 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		On September 1, 1939 German troops swarmed across the Polish border and unleashed the first Blitzkrieg the world had seen.
		On September 3, Prime Minister Chamberlain went to the airwaves to announce to the British people that a state of war existed between their country and Germany.
		The final blow came on September 17 when Soviet forces under terms of a secret agreement with Germany marched into Poland from the East.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /vocham.htm (216 words)

	Blitzkrieg explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The term blitzkrieg was coined by Western journalists during the 1939 German invasion of Poland.
		Blitzkrieg operations were first conducted by the German Wehrmacht during the Polish September Campaign of 1939.
		Early attempts to defeat the blitzkrieg can be dated to Polish September Campaign in 1939, where Polish general Stanisław Maczek, commander of 10th Motorized Cavalry Brigade, prepared a detailed report of blitzkrieg tactics, its usage, effectiveness and possible precautions for the French military from his experiences.
	www.wordspider.net /bl/blitzkrieg.html (4887 words)

	[No title]
		One month before the outbreak of war in September, 1939, Germany bought twice the amount of its monthly requirement of rubber from the London Rubber Exchange.
		According to the post-war testimony, of Nazi General Jodl, "the German Army didn't collapse during the Polish campaign [September, 1939] because the 110 French and British divisions facing 29 German divisions on the western borders did nothing," even though war had already been declared against them.
		The two major campaigns against the U.S., in Okinawa and the Philippines, involved less than one-fifth of the Japanese force that were fighting against the Communists in China.
	www.plp.org /cd_sup/cd4.html (5255 words)

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