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	Thirteen Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After victory by the Polish and Lithuanian forces at the Battle of Grunwald during the, the Prussian states eagerly pledged allegiance to King Wladyslaw Jagiełło, but they quickly returned to Teutonic rule after the Poles were unable to conquer Marienburg (Malbork).
		The Polish army moved slowly to Thorn, but military actions were halted briefly, when the king finally agreed to mediation by Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (all earlier propositions of mediation from different sides had been rejected).
		The Polish king again called for levee en masse, but most of the gentry refused participation after Andrzej Teczynski was killed in Cracow by burghers (in a dispute over payment for his armour).
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Thirteen_Years'_War (5107 words)

	Polish-Soviet War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish politics were under the strong influence of the statesman Józef Piłsudski and his vision of a Polish-led "Międzymorze Federation" comprising Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine and other Central and East European countries now emerging out of the crumbling empires after the First World War.
		Polish negotiators made progress in negotiations with the Latvian Provisional Government, and in early 1920 Polish and Latvian forces were conducting some joint operations against the Bolsheviks.
		Polish forces in Ukraine managed to withdraw in orderly fashion and relatively unscathed, but were unable to support Poland's northern front and reinforce the defenses at the Auta River for the decisive battle that was soon to take place there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish-Soviet_War (6411 words)

	Wojsko Polskie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polish Armed Forces consist of the Army (Wojsko Lądowe), Navy (Marynarka Wojenna) and Air Force (Siły Powietrzne) branches and are under the command of the Ministry of Defense (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej).
		Polish Armed Forces took part in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, and since then have 2,500 soldiers in the south of that country, and command of the 17-nation Multinational force in Iraq.
		Polish military forces are the origin of the two-fingers salute.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Wojsko_Polskie (776 words)

	Polish Armed Forces - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Second World War, on 1 September 1939 the force was nearly one million men strong, but was defeated by a German attack in September 1939, which was followed on 17 September 1939 by a Soviet one.
		After the war the Soviets imposed their own structure on the military, which (the structure) was ultimately discarded after the fall of communism.
		One of the biggest problem facing the Polish Army Forces is the transition from a draft-based to a professional army, and elimination of "fala", or the bullying of young conscripts by older ones.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_of_Poland (733 words)

	Polish History - Part 9
		Those traditions were cultivated not only by Polish landowners, clergy and the enlightened part of the bourgeoisie, but also by intelligentsia tracing their descent to the gentry.
		The fall of the uprising brought on the annulment of the Constitution, the liquidation of the Kingdom's army, the closing of Warsaw University and the construction of the citadel in Warsaw.
		The greatest Polish novel of the 19th century, "Lalka" [The Doll] by Boleslaw Prus, depicted the tragic conflict between the two attitudes--the main character, a former insurgent, then a rich businessman, is killed by his love of a mediocre aristocratic lady.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history9.htm (1785 words)

	List of Polish wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, and parts of Estonia and Russia, and was militarily able to intervene in and occupy Moscow.
		The wars against Sweden, Brandenburg, Russia and Transylvania, known as the Deluge.
		In the turmoil of the First World War, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Polish_wars (1062 words)

	List of wars - Simple English Wikipedia
		1478 - War between the Principality of Moscow and the Republic of Novgorod.
		1532 - 1546 Ottoman-Habsburg War in the Mediterranean
		1918 Finnish Civil War, fought between "the reds" (rebellious Socialists) and "the whites" (anti-Socialists) in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_wars (1584 words)

	Polish History - Part 11
		The national existence and the borders of the Polish Republic were guaranteed by the Treaties of Versailles and Riga.
		The Polish political reforms were crowned with the Constitution of April 23, 1935, which strengthened the president's position and power.
		Polish dreams of a free and just homeland were best expressed by Stefan Zeromski when he wrote about "houses made of glass," bright, spacious and available to all.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history11.htm (1541 words)

	AllRefer.com - Polish Succession, War of the (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		On the death (1733) of Augustus II of Poland, Stanislaus I sought to reascend the Polish throne.
		Stanislaus was elected by a majority of the Polish nobles, but a minority proclaimed the elector of Saxony king of Poland as Augustus III.
		The war continued to be fought along the Rhine and in Italy, with Spain and Sardinia joining France against the emperor.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PolishSu.html (451 words)

	Continual Conquest: The Teutonic Knights and Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Polish tribes were still at this stage all pagans, and it was only with the conversion of the Polish duke Mieszko, who reigned from 962 to 992, that Christianity was introduced to the Poles.
		POLISH WAR OF The return of a number of Polish military men from America, where they had fought with success in the War of Independence of that country against the British, saw a renewed Polish uprising.
		Nearly 15,000 Polish soldiers who had been captured by the Soviets during their invasion of Poland were executed en masse in the Katyn forest outside the Russian town of Smolensk, where their remains were discovered by occupying Germans in 1943.
	www.stormfront.org /whitehistory/hwr33i.htm (3326 words)

	Articles - November Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Finally on February 25 the Polish Army of approximately 40 000 met the Russian army of 60 000 in the fields to the east of Warsaw.
		Polish Generalissimo Chłopicki knew this well yet because of his opposition to the war, criminal under the circumstances, and his hope that by negotiations the conflict might be averted, he tarried, allowing the Russians to gain by the delay, to cross rivers unobstructed and to concentrate large forces at convenient points in Poland proper.
		Sympathetic echoes of the Polish aspirations reverberated throughout Europe, and the astounding heroism of the Polish army won popular admiration for the country and her endeavors to free herself from oppression.
	www.gaple.com /articles/November_Uprising (3874 words)

	Poland: History
		Polish resistance was crushed, and the country was partitioned between Germany and the USSR, except for a central portion that was annexed by neither power but was placed under German rule.
		Polish prisoners of war in the USSR were allowed to form a corps under Wladislaw Anders and fought with distinction with the Allies; other Polish units were organized in Great Britain and Canada.
		A Polish uprising (Aug.–Oct., 1944) at Warsaw, organized by the resistance movement and controlled by the Polish government in exile in London, was crushed by the Germans while Soviet forces remained inactive outside Warsaw.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0860447.html (3514 words)

	A Short History of the Lipka Tatars of the White Horde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At that time it was a very war of survival for Poland and Lithuania and, to the present day, the victory at the Battle of Grunwald is one of the basic elements of historical consciousness for all Poles, including those of Tatar descent.
		The former ban was largely ignored due to the exigencies of war: the latter ban on religious freedom was seen by the Tatars as unusually harsh and unacceptable.
		King Jan III Sobieski planned to bring the Polish –Turkish war to a decisive end in 1676, but the large army he forced through the Sejm could not be raised, due to the lack of funds.
	www.angelfire.com /jazz/ntstar/history.htm (7872 words)

	Antoni Choloniewski
		The Polish nobleman, co-guardian of his country, proud of his freedom before the law, pitied his western neighbors, who scorned the peoples of the east, while they themselves were subject to autocratic governments.
		It was a consciousness of this remarkable situation, so different from that of the adjacent peoples that awakened in the hearts of all the population of this vast Republic a perception of their solidity and of their union, in spite of the differences in race, language or religion.
		At the time when fanaticism raged in the West, the Polish law "de pace inter dissidentes", enacted on January 28th, 1573, recognized the legal existence of all the professions of faith observed in the country and declared that none should be persecuted because of their religious convictions.
	www.stjoenj.net /spirit.html (10513 words)

	Polish Music Journal 6.1.03 - Abstracts of Articles
		Between the wars, the Polish "music industry" was dominated by composers of Jewish descent: Henryk Gold, Jerzy Petersburski, Henryk Wars, etc. The composer of the beloved war-anthem "Czerwone maki na Monte Cassino" [Red Poppies on Monte Cassino] was Artur Schlitz.
		Despite the destruction of the Jewish community in Poland during World War II, the music of the many Polish Jews is a testimony of the existence and vitality of Jewish musical culture that had flourished in Poland.
		Controversies that still characterize the reception of the works of Józef Koffler, the most important Polish composer of the first half of the 20th century after Szymanowski, are the result of strong tensions between the different components of his musical aesthetics.
	www.usc.edu /dept/polish_music/PMJ/issue/6.1.03/abstracts6_1.html (1573 words)

	Polish Renaissance Warfare - Swedish Polish War 1600-09
		During this period Livonia - known as Inflanty in Polish - was an important transit region for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as the Duchy of Muscovy.
		In 1588 Zygmunt Waza III (Sigismund Vasa) was elected King of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		This did not end his hope of obtaining the Swedish crown and to gain Polish support he gave the Commonwealth the disputed territory of Northern Estonia, which was then in Swedish hands.
	www.jasinski.co.uk /wojna/battles/1600-Sw/1600-Sw-01.htm (449 words)

	Courtly Lives - Polish Noblity and Their Coats of Arms
		The Polish White Eagle has been borne on seals since the reign of Boleslaw V (1227-1279).
		In 1386, the neighboring states of Poland and Lithuania were joined through the marriage of the daughter of the last Polish King of the Piast dynasty to Grand Duke Jagiellon of Lithuania.
		The Polish arms (a white eagle on a red field) were afterwards quartered with Lithuania's charging knight.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/PolNobleArms.html (1159 words)

	beauplan-eng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The King's plans of a war with Turkey were rejected by Polish nobility and aristocracy.
		De Beauplan used as one of his sources the Polish military intelligence - he probably was even its co-founder.
		Either he needed a special permit by the royal chancellery to do it, or the maps were stamped only for inventory reasons, which seems to be rather pointless.
	www.muzeum-polskie.org /beauplan-eng.htm (1373 words)

	MSN Encarta - Related Items - Poland
		Napoleonic Wars – Condé, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de
		Polish Succession, War of the – Stanisław I Leszczyński
		war with Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1920
	encarta.msn.com /related_761559758_29.34.10/Zygmunt_III.html (76 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Polish-Soviet War
		An economic situation of Poland was tragic in those days and Poland have not enough food to feed her inhabitants, so its not unusual it was not enough food for the POWs...
		The failure of the soviet sources is soviet historians`s reluctance to the war, only will see that as a part of the Civil War and "the fl numbers" something was hidden from the history.
		The polish losses was on "a quarter of a million; the number of dead stood at nearly 48.000." A half million men was dead, wounded, sick, missing and POW.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=50803 (1122 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Pimsleur Polish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polish is full of awkward consonant combinations and none of the other courses is better than Pimsleur in helping you deal with these.
		For me at least, written and printed Polish was easier, spoken Polish had me lost for lack of practice in using it.
		Pimsleur Polish's unorthodox method of teaching the language (without a manual, purely listening and repeating after the speaker) proved to be very effective.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0671579428?v=glance (1704 words)

	List of Polish wars -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Below is a list of military conflicts in which (The property of being smooth and shiny) Polish armed forces participated or which took place on Polish territory.
		During the (The period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance) Middle Ages, Poland fought mostly to defend itself from the (A person of German nationality) German eastward expansion, but at the same time tried to conquer its eastern neighbor, (Click link for more info and facts about Ruthenia) Ruthenia.
		These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed and ended in Poland's (A vertical structure that divides or separates (as a wall divides one room from another)) partitions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_polish_wars.htm (1458 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Polish-Turkish Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polish-Turkish Wars, 17th-century wars between Poland, which then included Ukraine, and the Ottoman Empire, at that time occupying Greece, the...
		Vietnam War: pictures related to the Vietnam War
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Polish-Turkish_Wars.html (179 words)

	Sarmatian Review XVI.2: John J. Bukowczyk (review)
		For Polish Americans, immigration historians, and chroniclers of the history of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States, the translation and republication of Rev. Waclaw Kruszka's A History of the Poles in America has been a momentous scholarly event.
		In doing so, Kruszka picks through the often tacky details of a conflict that, writ large, implicated many of the grand ecclesiastical issues of the day in America, e.g., immigrant nationalism and lay trusteeism, independentism and schism, and the composition, organization, and ideological orientation of the Catholic Church in America.
		The volume, for example, interestingly suggests that the lenient treatment of Rev. Dominik Kolasiski, the flamboyant and insubordinate Polish pastor, by diocesan officials in Detroit was perceived at the time as giving encouragement to Chicago independentism (110).
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/496/Bukowczyk2.html (695 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of Polish wars
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		1618 - 1648, Thirty Years' War – minor involvement on the Hapsburg side, mostly noticable in the series of wars with Sweden (see above and below)
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Polish-wars (696 words)

	HEPBURN, SIR JOHN (c. 1598-1636) - Online Information article about HEPBURN, SIR JOHN (c. 1598-1636)
		wars, and in 1631, a few months before the See also:
		bore so conspicuous a part in the Thirty Years' War.
		glory which had led him into the Swedish army, and with the patriotic feeling which had first brought him out to the wars to fight for the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HEPBURN_SIR_JOHN_c_1598_1636_.html (493 words)

	Bootlegs
		Bootlegs toys and other Star Wars collectibles were made primarily in countries where Star Wars was not commercially released in theaters.
		Most Star Wars bootlegs originate from the eastern bloc countries: Poland, Hungary, and Russia.
		Polish Hoth Troopers on Alternate Cardback (Joseph Yglesias and Kate D.)
	www.toysrgus.com /images-bootleg.html (581 words)

	WHKMLA : List of Poland's Wars
		Polish Armies : Main Conflicts, 1454-1697, mainly based on Jasinski's Polish Renaissance Warfare, illustrated
		Polish Military Police, from SACMP, from 1916, on uniforms
		Polish Infantry and Artillery Uniforms of the V Corps During the Invasion of Russia, 1812, by Robert Burnham, Napoleon Series
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/eceurope/milxpoland.html (404 words)

	ipedia.com: List of Polish uprisings Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Polish concept of uprising is derived from the system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the citizens were supposed to play an important role in the g...
		The Polish concept of uprising is derived from the system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where the citizens were supposed to play an important role in the governing of the country.
		Unsatisfied citizens were allowed to form Rokosz, the legal rebellion against government.
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_polish_uprisings.html (169 words)

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