Polish Workers - Factbites

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	Polish United Workers' Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was the governing political party in communist-ruled People's Republic of Poland from its creation (through a fusion of the communist Polish Workers' Party and the left wing of the Polish Socialist Party) in December 1948 until the regime's electoral defeat in 1989.
		The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; in Polish, Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR), was a Polish communist party.
		The fourth congress of the Polish United Workers' Party, held in 1963
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/PZPR (213 words)

	AllRefer.com - Wladyslaw Gomulka (Polish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Long a Communist, he helped establish the Polish Workers' party and was (1943–49) secretary of its central committee.
		A Polish nationalist, he was purged in 1949 for alleged sympathy with the Yugoslav Communist leader, Josip Broz Tito, and was arrested in 1951.
		In Oct., 1956, on the wave of Polish resentment of USSR domination, Gomulka became first secretary of the party despite Soviet pressures.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/Gomulka.html (284 words)

	Polish History - Part 13
		As early as 1944, the Polish National Liberation Committee concluded an agreement with the USSR establishing the eastern border of Poland along the Curzon Line, confirmed by a treaty of August 16, 1945.
		In hailing the Pope, Polish society, divided by a ban on the establishment of independent social organizations, recovered its unity and its sense of dignity.
		Mikolajczyk counted on social support, but his party proved to be powerless in the face of violence and election-rigging by the communists in the referendum of 1946 and the parliamentary elections of 1947.
	www.poloniatoday.com /history13.htm (1995 words)

	0482.html
		In December 1948, the communist Polish Workers Party was united with the Polish Socialist Party to form the Polish United Workers Party.
		PZPR is the Polish United Workers Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza).
		PPS is the Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna).
	members.home.nl /bnieborg/series/0482.html (85 words)

	History
		Wladyslaw Gomulka, the elected head of the Polish United Workers Party in 1956, promised to meet these demands, but he was true communist at heart, and believed in central control and a one party state (MacShane, 33).
		Worker demands included improvements in work and pay schedules, fair production quotas (the current ones were much too high ot meet), a rise in the standard of living, decentralized management of factories, and recognition of workers' councils (Goodwyn, 52).
		Workers were urged to join trade unions and work actively to change the policies form the inside of these programs.
	users.owt.com /rpeto/projects/sol/hist.html (809 words)

	Polish Post-War Feature-Film 1945-1995
		The Polish Underground Army of the Resistance Movement during the Nazi occupation whose commander-in-chief was in exile in England.
		This film presenting the fall of Gierek's era and the birth of the Independent Workers Union "Solidarity" was made by the artist using both the "strategy of the psychotherapeutist" and that of the "clairvoyant," since he questioned the indissoluble nature of the social agreement signed by the government with workers.
		This was to be a continuation and a squaring up with the Polish film school, but no one was interested in it.
	www.finearts.uwaterloo.ca /juhde/micz952.htm (5278 words)

	Polish Workers Begin Resistance to Open Capitalism
		Jaruzelski (left), of the revisionist Polish United Workers party and Lech Walesa, leader of Solidarity, have collaborated in forcing harsh austerity measures on the Polish workers.
		They want to bind the Polish workers openly to an organization like the AFL-CIO, that would play the role of "loyal opposition" (that is, selling out the workers on economic issues), while leaving the government free to rule on behalf of the capitalists.
		Polish agriculture, too, is showing the effects of the move to open capitalism.
	www.geocities.com /acero.rm/US/poland.htm (1775 words)

	Stalinists/Solidarnosc/IMF Attack Workers - Polish Powderkeg
		The Polish revolutionary socialist tradition is represented by the heroic figures of Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches, who founded the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL), and fought at the side of the Polish workers against Czarism during the revolution of 1905.
		When Polish voters massively repudiated the PUWP in favor of Solidarnosc in the elections last June, the stage was set for a round of parliamentary jockeying, which concluded with the appointment of a long-time Catholic activist, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, as prime minister of a Solidarnosc-led coalition government.
		Notwithstanding the rapprochement between Polish Stalinism and Solidarnosc, the PUWP is still indispensable to the Kremlin as a guarantor of Poland’s adherence to the Warsaw Pact.
	www.bolshevik.org /1917/no7/no07pol.html (4934 words)

	Chapter 10
		Polish hardliners?) as a mechanism to spearhead a counterattack on the reform faction in the run-up to the party's Extraordinary Congress.
		This assembly was held in Torun, and was attended by 750 delegates of Polish party organizations from at least 11 provinces.
		The rules that Polish party leaders had finally approved for election of congressional delegates did not completely meet the demands of party reformists for a bottom-up election sequence.
	www.cia.gov /csi/books/poland/ch10.htm (5723 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: So
		Soviets were representatives of workers, peasants and soldiers in a given locale (rural soviets were a mix of peasants and soldiers, while urban soviets were a mix of workers and soldiers).
		Victor Chernov was among the prominent theoreticians of the SR party.
		The agrarian programme of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, called the "socialisation of the land", envisaged the abolition of private ownership of the land, which was to be transferred to the village commune on the basis of the labour principle and egalitarian tenure, and also the development of co-operatives.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/orgs/s/o.htm (3580 words)

	Solidarity in Poland
		The increasing dependence of the Polish economy on western debt financing and the election in 1978 of the Polish cardinal, Karol Wojtyla, as Pope John Paul II emboldened worker-activists and put the Polish Communist authorities on the defensive.
		The formation in 1980 of the Polish trade union-cum-political movement, Solidarity, and the strike actions it organized throughout Poland profoundly disturbed Soviet authorities.
		On December 12-13, 1981 General Wojciech Jaruzelski, first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, ordered a massive military operation and imposed martial law.
	www.soviethistory.org /index.php?action=L2&SubjectID=1980solidarity&Year=1980 (444 words)

	Marek Borowski - Speaker of Polish Parliament
		As a political trouble-maker he was excluded from the United Polish Workers' Party with an administrative punishment (a reprimand with a warning).
		Party affiliation: 1967-68 and 1975-90 member of the United Polish Workers' Party.
		In 1967 and 1968 he was President of the Academic Sports Association of the Warsaw School of Planning and Statistics, and led the school's volleyball team.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/politics/borowskiang.htm (437 words)

	ÚSTAV PRO SOUDOBÉ DĚJINY AV ČR
		The Records of the Central Committees of the Polish Workers' Party, 1944-48, and of the Polish United Workers' Party, 1948-90, in the New Records Archive
		This ‘Polish’ issue of Soudobé dějiny is the result of close collaboration between the Institute of Contemporary History, at the Czech Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Political Studies, at the Polish Academy of Sciences.
		The Polish editors of this, the second issue of Soudobé dějiny for 1997, are Krystyna Kersten, Andrzej Paczkowski and Krzysztof Persak – all senior researchers in the Institute of History and the Institute of Political Studies (both of the Polish Academy of Sciences).
	www.usd.cas.cz /usdeng/uce642.html (377 words)

	Jacek Kuron (1934-2004) -- News & Letters, July 2004
		KOR was critical in establishing close cooperation between workers and intellectuals, and led to the establishment of the mass union movement, Solidarity, which swept the nation in 1980.
		He was one of the founders of KOR (Committee to Defend Workers), an organization mostly of intellectuals that supported workers prosecuted after they had rebelled in Radom and Ursus in l976.
		The Polish Communist Party recognized this challenge to its power and moved to crush Solidarity, declaring martial law in l981.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/2004/July/Kuron_July2004.htm (341 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: COMINFORM COMMUNIQUÉ: Resolution of the Information Bureau Concerning the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, June 28, 1948
		This denial is the direct result of the opportunist tenet that the class struggle does not become sharper during the period of transition from capitalism to socialism, as Marxism-Leninism teacbes, but dies down, as was affirmed by opportunists of the Bukharin type, who propagated the theory of the peaceful growing over of capitalism into socialism.
		In home policy, the leaders of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia are departing from the positions of the working class and are breaking with the Marxist theory of classes and class struggle.
		Should the present leaders of the Yugoslav Communist Party prove incapable of doing this, their job is to replace them and to advance a new internationalist leadership of the Party.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1948cominform-yugo1.html (955 words)

	ÚSTAV PRO SOUDOBÉ DĚJINY AV ČR
		The Records of the Central Committees of the Polish Workers' Party, 1944-48, and of the Polish United Workers' Party, 1948-90, in the New Records Archive
		The PWP had a hegemony over the other parties, and its successor, the PUWP, acquired a virtual monopoly to which the state organs were subordinated.
		The author describes their internal structure and the importance of the authors of these records, as well as the growth in the number of records and classification, as well as the state in which they have been preserved, and he acquaints the reader with the contents of both archival collections.
	www.usd.cas.cz /usdeng/janow.html (445 words)

	Poland: Behind the Crisis (1982) : Introduction
		The U.S. ruling class and its sycophants have hailed the Polish protests and wildly acclaimed the workers' strikes (the Polish workers' strikes, that is, not the strikes of U.S. workers!).
		From his analysis it is clear that the Polish United Workers Party leadership could have called upon the strikers to fight the Western banks as well as to check the capitalist tendencies in the countryside.
		The Pope and the Polish Cardinal are their political guiding stars, the bitterly anti-Soviet and vulgarly anti-Leninist Solzhenitsyn is their ideologist while the Rockefellers, the Mellons, the Morgans, the Krupps, the Flicks and the other imperialist bankers are their off-stage puppet-masters.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sampol/polish/polish00.htm (1557 words)

	Records from the Central Military Archives in Warsaw (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Polish Attache at the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Washington/ Affairs of the Foreign Military Section.
		Retrospective Telephone Directories from Poland at the Library of Congress This compilation lists the Polish directories held and available at the Library of Congress as of November 2003.
		A Polish Declaration of Admiration and Friendship for the United States of America.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/archiwum.html (2618 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Poland
		The Democratic Left Alliance (an outgrowth of the former Polish United Workers' Party that was the ruling party before 1989) increased its influence in the Sejm from 33% to nearly 50% in four years' time.
		Under pressure to reform from the Gorbachev government in the Soviet Union, the Polish government lifted its ban on Solidarity in April 1989, restored rights to the Catholic Church, ended state control of the media, and implemented a new pluralist constitution.
		Parties' and coalitions' influence and voter support are fluid and unstable.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Pol1.htm (692 words)

	Polish People’s Party
		When passing into opposition to the Polish Workers' Party and the communist Government, the Polish Peasants' Party endured all the ensuing consequences.
		In the 1933 elections to the Polish Parliament, the Sejm, he was elected an MP representing his party, the PSL Piast.
		As Chairman of the Polish Peasants' Party, he launched a political struggle with the communist party and its political allies.
	www.psl.org.pl /english/miko.php (1085 words)

	Anna M
		A police officer lost his nerve and shot one of the workers; the worker's colleagues set fire to the building, and the staff had to be evacuated from the roof by helicopter.
		Workers sent in food to the students, but did not support them by coming out on strike because their economic situation was fairly good.
		It was a Catholic movement because 98% of the Polish population was Catholic.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/hist557/lect18a.htm (12245 words)

	Cyrankiewicz, Józef on Encyclopedia.com
		Upon the formal merger of the Socialists and Communists in 1948, Cyrankiewicz was named secretary of the central committee of the new United Polish Workers' party.
		Active in the Polish resistance after the German invasion in 1939, he was arrested in 1941 and spent the remainder of the war in concentration camps.
		He was a member of the Polish Socialist party from 1932 and became secretary-general of its central executive committee in 1946.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/cyrankie.asp (392 words)

	Commonweal: Is Poland going Communist? Walesa's time was past - Lech Walesa
		In this context, it is worth noting that during the fall election campaign, Walesa threatened to dissolve the freely elected Polish parliament (Sejm) and consolidate its power in the presidency.
		Walesa boasted that he was not bound by his oath to uphold the Polish constitution because he had not bothered to read it.
		By contrast, Kwasniewski campaigned on the promise to respect the reforms of the past few years, work with the Sejm, and to accept a Walesa-backed concordat with the Vatican as long as it was negotiated openly and approved by the Sejm.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1252/is_n22_v122/ai_17932524 (1179 words)

	Glossary of People: Sc
		Polish Marxist philosopher, born in Lvov, Poland, in 1913, studied Law and Econmics at the École des Sciences Politiques et Économique in Paris, and Philosophy in Poland.
		In this position Schaff, and as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, exerted his intellectual patronage in defence of Marxist orthodoxy and was considered to be the official ideologist of the Polish Communist Party, closely following the Moscow line.
		Politician and economist, organiser of consumers’ co-operatives for handicraft workers, which were to prevent the decay of their class.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/s/c.htm (2500 words)

	People's Republic of Poland 1944-1989
		Instituted by decision of the 9th Convention of the Polish United Workers' Party in March 1984 and conferred for the first time in January 1986.
		The decoration was named in honor of Ludwik Warynski (1856-1889), a Polish socialist activist, co-founder of a socialist party "Wielki Proletariat." Arrested by the tsarist authorities and imprisoned, died in the prison.
		It was conferred initially by the Central Committee of the Socialist Youth Association (Zwiazek Mlodziezy Socjalistycznej), from 1973 by the General Council of Federation of the Polish Socialist Youth Associations (Federacja Socjalistycznych zwiazkowMlodziezy Polskiej), and from 1981 by the General Board of the Polish Socialist Youth Association.
	www.medals.lava.pl /pl/pl3d.htm (1742 words)

	H-Net Review: Deborah J. Cahalen on Rebuilding Poland: Workers and Communists 1945-1950
		The city was rebuilt as Polish, but due to the lack of community solidarity among workers there was markedly less resistance to communist policies, particularly in the form of strikes.
		Kenney sketches the conflict between the two political parties, the PPR and PPS (Polish Workers' Party and Polish Socialist Party), which later merged to form the PZPR, or Polish United Workers' Party, the Communist Party in Poland.
		Kenney shows how workers incorporated the new rhetoric of the communist state into their protests, however, subverting the ideological appeals of the state and forcing officials to take action to alleviate conditions.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=3446875567050 (877 words)

	STANISLAW TREPCZYNSKI - 27th Session
		career in 1946 in the Lodz Committee of the Polish Workers Party, which became later the Polish United Worker's Party.
		Upon the liberation of the country by the Soviet end polish troops, he entered Lodz University; later, he received a Master's degree in economics, writing his thesis on the economic development of West Germany in the early post-war period.
		In 1951 he was appointed Secretary of the Polish Peace Committee, and was hater active apt a member of the World Peeve Council is Prague end Vienna.
	www.un.org /ga/55/president/bio27.htm (282 words)

	10 (number)
		Polish contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq
		Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China
		Political Bureau Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/index.html (139 words)

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