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Topic: Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
		Polish northern territories, around Wilno, were annexed by Lithuania (and soon afterwards, Lithuania was annexed by Soviet Union and became the Lithuanian SSR).
		These areas were conquered by the Nazi Germany in 1941 during Operation Barbarossa.
		On August 16, 1945 the communist dominated Polish government signed a treaty with the USSR to formaly cede these territories.The total population of the territories annexed by the USSR, not including the portion returned to Poland in 1945, had a population of 10,653,000 according to the 1931 Polish census.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union (845 words)

	Germany. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Germany is a federal republic whose 16 states have their own constitutions, legislatures, and governments, which can pass laws on all matters except those that are the exclusive right of the federal government such as defense, foreign affairs, and finance.
		The chief theater of the war, Germany was reduced to misery and starvation, lost a large part of its population, and became, as a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648; see Westphalia, Peace of), a loose confederation of petty principalities under the nominal suzerainty of the emperor.
		In Mar., 1936, Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/Germany.html (7504 words)

	History of Germany
		Germany was to cede Alsace and Lorraine, Eupen-Malmédy, North Schleswig, and the Memel area.
		Germany and its allies were to accept the sole responsibility of the war, and were to pay financial reparations for all loss and damage suffered by the Allies.
		Germany is at the forefront of European states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to advance the creation of a more unified and capable European political, defence and security apparatus.
	www.travelgermanyplus.com /history.html (6970 words)

	The History of Poland
		Polish history began in the early 9th century when the Polians (dwellers in the field) obtained hegemony over the others Slavic tribes that occupied the country.
		Polish prisoners were sent to the western front via Iran where they were formed into two corps attached to the British Army.
		A Polish National Committee of Liberation was installed in Lublin as the Soviet recognized government of the liberated areas.
	www.krykiet.com /polish_history.htm (1867 words)

	Wojciech Jaruzelski Summary
		The disintegration of PUWP authority and Soviet pressure for a decisive resolution of the crisis propelled Jaruzelski and the military to the fore of Polish politics.
		An officer of the Polish Army, he was trained at the Polish Higher Infantry School and the General Staff Academy, and joined the Polish United Workers' Party (the former Polish Communist Party).
		Polish Ministry of Defence currentely is engaged in process that would allow it to deny to Jaruzelski any military pension he currentely receives[3].
	www.bookrags.com /Wojciech_Jaruzelski (2470 words)

	East Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		, Lithuanian: Rytų Prūsija or Rytprūsiai; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1773-1824 and 1878 to 1945.
		On January 31, 1773 King Frederick II announced that the newly annexed lands were to be known as the province of West Prussia, while former Ducal Prussia and Warmia became the province of East Prussia.
		Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all the regions annexed as possessing significant German population that wanted reunification with Germany, the Reich's statistics in 1939 show that only 31,000 out of 994,092 people in annexed Polish western territories were German.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-East_Prussia (1837 words)

	A Brief History of Germany
		Germany grew richer in the early middle ages and the population rose sharply (until 14th century).Trade and commerce boomed and towns grew larger and more numerous.
		Germany's annual repayments were reduced and the USA agreed to lend Germany a huge sum of money to rebuild it's economy.
		Germany then faced the task of raising living standards in the east to the same level as those in the west.
	www.localhistories.org /germany.html (6019 words)

	Recovered Territories - Najwieksza Encyklopedia Internetowa - Webb.pl - AdWiki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The new border was formally recognized by East Germany in the Treaty of Zgorzelec (1950), by West Germany in the Treaty of Warsaw (1970), and confirmed by the re-united Germany in 1990.
		The term was introduced by Polish communist authorities, with the 'recovered' being a reference to earlier territories of Polish state from the Middle Ages under the Piast dynasty, whose borders were similar to the ones achieved in 1945, but which fell out of the sphere of Polish influence during after fragmentation of Poland or later.
		In the year 1000 AD the Polish ruler Boleslaw I of Poland, the son of Mieszko I and Bohemian princess Dobrawa received recognition from the Holy Roman Empire at the Congress of Gniezno, where he was named as a friend and ally of the empire that represented Christian Europe.
	webb.pl /en/wiki/Recovered_Territories (1888 words)

	Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The total area, including the area given to Lithuania, was 201,000 square kilometres, with a population of 13.5 million, of which about 5.2-6.5 million were ethnic Poles.
		These areas were conquered by the Nazi Germany in 1941 during Operation Barbarossa.
		After the end of World War II, the Soviet Union kept most of the territories annexed in 1939, while only some territories were returned its Polish ally, notably the areas near Białystok and Przemyśl.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union (580 words)

	Poles Victims of the Nazi Era:
		In contrast to Nazi genocidal policy that targeted all of Poland's 3.3 million Jewish men, women, and children for destruction, Nazi plans for the Polish Catholic majority focused on the murder or suppression of political, religious, and intellectual leaders.
		In the annexed lands, the Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization" to assimilate the territories politically, culturally, socially, and economically into the German Reich.
		The Polish scholar Franciszek Piper, the chief historian of Auschwitz, estimates that 140,000 to 150,000 Poles were brought to that camp between 1940 and 1945, and that 70,000 to 75,000 died there as victims of executions, of cruel medical experiments, and of starvation and disease.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/PEOPLE/USHMMPOL.HTM (2672 words)

	Nuns Who Saved Polish Jews
		Nazi Germany seized the rest of Poland, dividing its lands into two parts.
		In those areas which the Nazis and Soviets annexed directly the occupiers had two goals: the permanent acquisition of those territories and the elimination of any local leadership and intelligentsia including (except in Silesia) the clergy.
		Jews living in those areas directly annexed to the Reich were either deported or summarily killed at the start of the war.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/history/world/wh0040.html (1092 words)

	History of Jews in Poland - Forums powered by Reason and Principle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Polish Jewry found its views of life shaped by the spirit of Talmudic and rabbinical literature, whose influence was felt in the home, in school, and in the synagogue.
		Polish Jews generally were less influenced by Haskalah, rather focusing on a strong continuation of their religious lives based on Halakha ("rabbis's law") following primarily Orthodox Judaism, Hasidic Judaism, and also adapting to the new Religious Zionism of the Mizrachi movement later in the 1800s.
		The full extent of Polish participation in the massacres of the Polish Jewish community remains a controversial subject, in part due to Jewish leaders refusing to allow the remains of the Jewish victims to be exhumed and their cause of death to be properly established.
	www.libertyforum.org /showflat.php?Cat=&Board=news_humor&Number=295679063 (6811 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing
		When an area under Nazi control had its entire Jewish population removed, whether by driving the population out, by deportation to Concentration Camps, and/or murder, the area was declared judenrein (lit.
		Nazi Germany wiping out whole populations of Jews and Gypsies during World War II (see also the Holocaust).
		The flight of Jews from the areas of Palestine occupied by Jordan and Egypt in 1948.
	www.chichakli.com /ethnic_cleansing.htm (2554 words)

	[No title]
		Chelmno was a Nazi extermination camp in Poland on the river Ner, 37 M (60 KM) from Lodz.
		The execution area was located in the southwest corner of the camp and was used for carrying out the sentences by lining the prisoners against the wall and shooting them.
		The route from the selection area to the gas chambers passed through a narrow fenced-in passage known as "the tube." Many realized that they were going to their death and, when they resisted, were beaten, clubbed with rifle butts and whips by the camp staff.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/holocamp.html (4386 words)

	Poles, Victims of the Nazi Era
		Nazi ideology viewed "Poles"- the predominantly Roman Catholic ethnic majority- as "sub-humans" occupying lands vital to Germany.
		Infants born to Polish women deported to Germany as farm and factory laborers were also usually taken from the mothers and subjected to Germanization.
		In the past, many estimates of losses were based on a Polish report of 1947 requesting reparations from the Germans; this often cited document tallied population losses of 6 million for all Polish "nationals" (Poles, Jews, and other minorities).
	www.holocaust-trc.org /poles.htm (2873 words)

	"Final Solution": Overview
		It is not known when the leaders of Nazi Germany definitively decided to implement the "Final Solution." The genocide or mass destruction of the Jews was the culmination of a decade of increasingly severe discriminatory measures.
		After the Nazi party achieved power in Germany in 1933, its state-sponsored racism produced anti-Jewish legislation, economic boycotts, and the violence of the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") pogrom, all of which aimed to systematically isolate Jews from society and drive them out of the country.
		The Nazis first established ghettos (enclosed areas designed to isolate and control the Jews) in the Generalgouvernement (a territory in central and eastern Poland overseen by a German civilian government) and the Warthegau (an area of western Poland annexed to Germany).
	www.ushmm.org /wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005151 (651 words)

	German-Russian Settlement Map
		Later a civil administration took control of the northern part of the area, and the Austrian rulers encouraged the settlement of colonists from the Rhineland (Germany), Lorraine (France), and Luxembourg.
		A fourth German-populated area acquired by the Soviet Union was north east Prussia on the Baltic coast (today Kaliningrad oblast), which Stalin annexed in 1945.
		Germany did not yet exist as a national state during the founding of the German colonies in the Russian Empire.
	www.rollintl.com /roll/grsettle.htm (6880 words)

	Machliniec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of 1918, the area around Machliniec suffered from further conflicts first in the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918-1919, and then in the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921.
		As per Article II of the secret protocol of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, all land to the east of the Narev, Vistula, and San rivers was to fall into the Soviet sphere of influence.
		The inhabitants of Machliniec were resettled throughout the Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany on farms that had been taken from Polish or Jewish families.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Machliniec (881 words)

	war and social upheaval: World War II -- displaced children Poland
		NAZI plans were to deport Polish families from the occupied areas and replace them with German colonists.
		Other areas were also cleared, but by 1941 the Germans were beginning to focus more on preparations for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union and the pase of the expulsions slowed, but did not stop.
		The extent of the NAZI persecutions in Poland are often not fully understood in the West.
	histclo.com /essay/war/ww2/dc/w2dc-pol.html (2695 words)

	Nazi Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator.
		During their 12-year rule, the Nazis sent massive armies throughout almost all of continental Europe (with the exception of Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Sweden, Portugal, Andorra and the land near the Ural Mountains).
		After losing the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943 and the Battle of Normandy in 1944, the regime started to disintegrate quickly, losing ground to the Western Allies in the west and south and the Red Army in the east.
	nazi-germany.mindbit.com (2804 words)

	Germany USSR Poland 1939
		The Warthland area, bordering Germany would be annexed outright to the German Reich, and all non-German inhabitants expelled to the east.
		But if Germany had to fight the USSR at that time, then it would most likely be defeated.
		For years prior, Stalin had hoped to reach an understanding with the British and French to form a united front against Nazism but there was mounting frustration with the reluctance France and the UK showed towards joining with the USSR in establishing collective security.
	www.onwar.com /articles/0609.htm (789 words)

	The Polish-Lithuanian Crisis of 1938
		A Polish sergeant appeared in his stead and informed the Lithuanians that the colonel had nothing to discuss, since "the issue was to be decided by the Polish Republic."6
		The Polish government officially replied on Sunday March 20, assuring the new Lithuanian legation in Warsaw "all conditions of normal activity." Colonel Kazys Škirpa was appointed on March 26 as Lithuanian minister to Poland.
		Perceptive observers, while lamenting the humiliating method by which "the Polish government took advantage of [Lithuania's] misfortunes to settle old scores and to indulge in a bit of bombastic self-congratulation,"75 also realized that the rejection of the ultimatum would have meant the loss of Lithuania's independence at the hands of Poland and Germany.
	www.lituanus.org /1984_2/84_2_03.htm (10744 words)

	Hitler's War; Hitler's Plans for Eastern Europe
		This, however, was precisely what the Nazi plans called for: the Polish nation was to cease to exist just as in the minds of the rulers of the Reich the Polish state had ceased to exist.
		The ultimate purpose of Nazi policy was to destroy the Polish nation on the whole of Polish soil whether that annexed by the Reich or that of the Government General.
		Undoubtedly, the purpose was to turn the Polish and Jewish community, united in theory by their common servitude, one against the other by rousing in them the basest human instincts in the struggle for the miserable crumbs of an illusory freedom, or rather for the means of existence.
	www.dac.neu.edu /holocaust/Hitlers_Plans.htm (8861 words)

	Brief history of Poland
		The southern Polish territories around Kraków and Lwów were incorporated into the Austrian Empire and renamed "Galicia".
		Poland was attacked by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
		Nearly the entire population of those provinces either escaped the Red Army in 1945 or was later expelled to Germany and the territory was settled by Polish refugees from the East, who wanted to avoid Soviet rule.
	www.polishroots.org /genpoland/polhistory.htm (881 words)

	Michael Hope - "Polish deportees in the Soviet Union".
		Representatives of the Polish Government based in France continued to represent Polish interests and to ensure the continuity of recognition of the struggle against the Axis Powers.
		The Polish Army was demobilised after the war and the Polish Resettlement Corps was formed as "recompense" to its faithful and loyal ally.
		A foretaste of what was to come for future Polish deportees were the numbers of work parties sent to areas ofArchangelsk, Sverdlovsk, and Novosibirsk together with regions of Soviet Central Asia: the Altai, Baszkirska, and Krasnoyarski Kraj, to construct labour camps in remote areas or alongside penal colonies.
	www.wajszczuk.v.pl /english/drzewo/czytelnia/michael_hope.htm (3527 words)

	Polish boys clothes -- chronology 20th century
		The boy's family were Polish and in one scene he was dressed in a high-necked cream linen shirt with buttons along one shoulder and embroidered decoration.
		Approximately 40,000 Polish children were kidnapped and imprisoned in the camp before being transferred to Germany during "Heuaktion" (Hay Action), ordered by Alfred Rosenberg, Reich Minister for the Eastern Occupied Territories.
		Scouting was supressed by the communists in Russia, as it was by the NAZIs in Germany.
	histclo.com /country/pol/chron/cpc-20.html (1310 words)

	Nazi German Camps on Polish Soil During World War II
		Polish forces were part of the D-Day operation in 1944, participated in the liberation of France, Belgium, Holland, and Italy, and fought in Germany.
		Polish Jews were gathered there under compulsion, isolated from the outside world, and forced to perform slave labor for the Germans.
		Polish citizens died in camps, were murdered in prisons, and were deported into the depths of the USSR.
	www.msz.gov.pl /Nazi,German,Camps,on,Polish,Soil,,During,World,War,II,6465.html (9482 words)

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