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Topic: Polish film history

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	Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polish government structure centres on the Council of Ministers, led by a prime minister.
		The Polish landscape consists almost entirely of the lowlands of the North European Plain, at an average height of 173 metres, though the Sudetes (including the Karkonosze) and the Carpathian Mountains (including the Tatra mountains, where one also finds Poland's highest point, Rysy, at 2,499 m.) form the southern border.
		The Polish language, a member of the West Slavic branch of the Slavic languages, functions as the official language of Poland.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/p/po/poland.html (1836 words)

	Film history - Wikipedia
		In Europe it was not until November 1895 in Berlin that a public 'film' was shown.
		The quality of the films shown in New York and Berlin was extremely poor and used processes that had no lasting impact on film technology.
		Film is now (2001) in the process of making another transition, from physical film stock to digital cinema technology, driven by the availability of low cost data storage and high-resolution digital displays.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/FilmHistory (606 words)

	The Jagiellonian University Film Studies - Alicja Helman, "Polish Film Theory"
		The options taken by Polish film theory in the post structural age, (which was the reaction to systemic studies), were not clear-cut and obvious, probably because of the short period of time that passed from structural to poststructural approach.
		Treating film mythology as a form of social mythology, Marszalek stresses the coexistence of film myths with stereotypes which together contribute (by means of conceptual collocations and standard symbolic representations) to the emergence of synthetic images, unique ready-made forms which facilitate the identification of reality.
		He distinguishes two basic types of references to history: the popularizing one in which the description of the past is meant to entertain, and the interventionist one in which the actualization of the past has political and ideological goals which are intended to influence the viewer`s attitude and behaviour.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /uj/ujfilm/Film1.htm (9594 words)

	Polish Film School - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish Film School (Polish Polska Szkoła Filmowa) refers to an informal group of Polish film directors and screenplay writers active between 1955 and approximately 1963.
		However, the rule of censorship was still strong when it comes to history after 1945 and there were very few films on the contemporary events.
		The Polish Film School was the first to underline the national character of Poles and one of the first artistic movements in Central Europe to openly oppose the official guidelines of Socialist realism.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_Film_School (329 words)

	Aleksander Ford - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Polish filmmaker Aleksander Ford played a key role in establishing Poland's international reputation for excellent cinema.
		Ford did use his films to voice his discontent and expose the effects of the new regime upon Jews and the poor, as in his documentaries Street of the Young (1936) and the award-winning Eighth Day of the Week (1959).
		He is perhaps most famous in Poland for directing the film The Teutonic Knights, based on a novel of the same name by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aleksander_Ford (371 words)

	Poland - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Polish nation started to form itself into a recognisable unitary territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty.
		The Second Polish Republic lasted until the start of World War II when Germany and the Soviet Union invaded and split the Polish territory between them from (September 28 1939).
		The citizens of Poland elect a parliament, the National Assembly (Polish Zgromadzenie Narodowe), consisting of 460 members of the Lower House (Sejm) and 100 members of the Senate (Senat), chosen by a proportional vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Poland (2352 words)

	Learn more about Film history in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The first public presentation was not until February 1909 in London, when a series of twenty short films by the Natural Colour Kinematograph Company was shown at the Palace Theatre in Shaftesbury Avenue.
		The first important purpose-built cinema was the Gaumont Film Company's Gaumont-Palace in Paris, which opened in 1910 and could seat 5,000 people.
		However, that proved most fortituous as the sale and rental of their films on home video became a significant source of revenue for the film companies.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /f/fi/film_history_1.html (719 words)

	One hundred Years of Film Sizes. Almost one hundred film widths and perforations were experimented with. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Whereas film equipment has undergone drastic changes in the course of a century it is a little miracle that 35mm has remained the universally accepted film size.
		Films from 10 to 15 meter lengths in special containers were for rent from Edison depots or by mail.
		An optimum use of the film width was obtained by expanding the image and reducing the size of the perforations on both sides.
	www.xs4all.nl /~wichm/filmsize.html (3700 words)

	Polish Post-War Feature-Film 1945-1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This film presenting the fall of Gierek's era and the birth of the Independent Workers Union "Solidarity" was made by the artist using both the "strategy of the psychotherapeutist" and that of the "clairvoyant," since he questioned the indissoluble nature of the social agreement signed by the government with workers.
		The Polish Underground Army of the Resistance Movement during the Nazi occupation whose commander-in-chief was in exile in England.
		The political breakthrough became an important turning point in the history of the Polish post-war cinema which is taken into account even by the authors of lexicons.
	www.finearts.uwaterloo.ca /juhde/micz952.htm (5278 words)

	Classic Polish Film Posters: database, info, images
		Since the Polish poster practically ceased to exist at the end of the 80s (and stopped being great long before that), some obscure titles might be missing from the database.
		And now the fact that Polish film poster is dead (and had been so since 1989 when the film distribution was privatized) is further evidence of that.
		The golden decade of Polish film posters, from approximately the mid 50s to the mid 60s was preceded by the pioneering work of a trio of artists in the 1940s.
	www.cinemaposter.com (2804 words)

	CER \| Film: Jerzy Hoffman and Ogniem i mieczem
		Not that the filming was simple, Hoffman was caught harassed by the authorities as part of the 1968 wave of organised anti-Semitism and the film's shooting had to be interrupted due to the Soviet-led invasion of Czecboslovakia.
		I knew what kind of film it would be and what it would discuss and there would be no better or worse and both nations would be equal, each a mirror image of the same heroism and, on the other side, same cruelty.
		To make doubly sure the film would take off, they invited all a couple of hundred cinema heads to a conference to give them a pep talk and to impress on them that the success of this film was in their hands ("And they did everything they could," Michaluk notes with satisfaction).
	www.ce-review.org /01/14/kinoeye14_horton.html (1873 words)

	Film Festival Today - Features - Archives
		New Polish directors have had films in town; for example the 2003 New York Film Festival featured Director Jan Jakub Kolski' s Pornography and now Anthology Film Archives is presenting the American premiere of Actor/director Jerzy Stuhr's The Big Animal (by the late director Krzysztof Kieslowski) February 20-29.
		Films were being made then by Munk, Wajda, Has, and, from the older generation, [Aleksander] Ford, Jakubowska, Buczkowski, and Cekalski, all of whose work we viewed with critical distance, while nevertheless respecting the fact that it was they who, through their pre-war production unit "Start", had been the vanguard of serious Polish cinema."
		From his most recent film 2001' s Quo Vadis (based on the same story of the Roman emperors that served as the basis of several earlier films) to his Pharaoh (which garnered him a foreign film Oscar nomination in 1966), he has created some of the biggest productions in Polish film history.
	www.filmfestivaltoday.com /archive_item.asp?id=332 (1099 words)

	Rejs
		Rejs (The Cruise) - 1970 - is a famous Polish film by Marek Piwowski[?].
		This grotesque fl-and-white comedy was created during the Communist regime in Poland and was widely regarded as a mockery of some aspects of the system.
		The film is constructed around hilarious events that took place during a cruise on a river boat of a group of unfamiliar people.
	www.fastload.org /re/Rejs.html (131 words)

	FENIKS Polish Film Promotion' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Polish film is experiencing a new era of growth and development, which is evident from the success of the two 1999 Polish blockbusters "Pan Tadeusz" by Andrzej Wajda and "With Fire and Sword" by Jerzy Hoffman.
		Polish movies are watched with great interest by Polish audiences - out of 27 million viewers who visited movie theatres in 1999, over half saw Polish movies.
		Each fall we are invited to the annual Polish Film Festival in Gdynia, the only festival which presents all the movies produced in one year, and select those movies that we find most interesting.
	www.gazetagazeta.com /feniks/feniks.htm (407 words)

	Kinoeye \| Polish film: Krzysztof Zanussi's Opowiesci weekendowe
		Polish film buffs, and all fans of serious cinema, will be pleased to learn of a new release from Polart—responsible for making so many Polish films available on video—and the irreplaceable Facets Video.
		In Barwy ochronne (Camouflage, 1976), the film he released in a year of industrial strikes and government-authorized repressions, all papered over by an official "propaganda of success" campaign, Zanussi explicitly contrasted the idealism of a group of students in a (seemingly innocuous) academic summer camp with the cynicism and conformity of the authorities.
		The most important link among the eight films is that their heroes and heroines must make a choice between an easy, convenient, gratifying course of action, and one that, while morally correct, carries an almost unacceptably high cost.
	www.kinoeye.org /01/04/woll04.php (757 words)

	Warsaw Voice - A Lifetime in Film Rewarded
		It was also the first time in the 72-year-long history of this most prestigious distinction that an Oscar was presented in the feature film category to a Pole.
		However, it was Wajda who provided the stimulus that led to the appearance of one of the most interesting phenomena in Polish film history-the trend called later "the Polish school" and "the cinema of moral anxiety." Such famous Polish filmmakers as Agnieszka Holland, Krzysztof Kieślowski and Krzysztof Zanussi were inspired by him.
		The Polish director was nominated for an Oscar award three times: in 1974 for Ziemia obiecana (Promised Land), in 1979 for Panny z Wilka (The Young Girls of Wilko) and in 1982 for Człowiek z żelaza (Man of Iron).
	www.warsawvoice.pl /archiwum.phtml/1286 (736 words)

	Film History of the 1920s
		Most US film production at the start of the decade occurred in or near Hollywood on the West Coast, although some films were still being made in New Jersey and in Astoria on Long Island (Paramount).
		Films varied from sexy melodramas and biblical epics by Cecil B. DeMille, to westerns (such as Cruze's The Covered Wagon (1923)), horror films, gangster/crime films, war films, the first feature documentary or non-fictional narrative film (Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North (1922)), romances, mysteries, and comedies (from the silent comic masters Chaplin, Keaton, and Lloyd).
		Film theaters and studios were not initially affected in this decade by the Crash in late 1929.
	www.filmsite.org /20sintro.html (2383 words)

	Film History of the 1920s
		Film studios were confronted with many problems related to the coming of sound, including restricted markets for English-language talkies.
		Lubitsch's first sound film The Love Parade (1929) (with Jeanette MacDonald's debut appearance), exhibited the director's creative adaptation to the requirements of sound film, and was one of the first backstage musicals with musical numbers that were integral to the plot.
		The film was originally released as a silent film, but the studio pressured Hitchcock into adding dialogue sequences (with innovative post-synchronization techniques) for a talkie version.
	www.filmsite.org /20sintro4.html (1394 words)

	CER \| Polish Film: Teresa Kotlarczyk's Prymas
		The film is clearly a symptom of Poland's current yearning for the kind of great moral figures it had in the past.
		While the film clearly does not claim to be a documentary account of Cardinal Wyszyński's internment, in several places it deviates significantly from the truth, presumably in an attempt to heighten the drama.
		Another major fault of the film is that it is overacted, which is understandable to some extent, considering the challenge of having to portray the sufferings of this larger-than-life figure.
	www.ce-review.org /01/12/kinoeye12_manetti.html (1327 words)

	Polish Film festival in Seattle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Seattle Polish Film Festival (SPFF) is produced and presented by the Seattle-Gdynia Sister City Association
		Podl and Dr. Friedrich were inspired by the Chicago Polish Film Festival, and wanted to share this special part of Polish culture with the greater Seattle community.
		The winning film will be featured at our Festival and the filmmaker will receive a special statuette and an invitation to attend the film's showing in Seattle.
	www.polishfilms.org /PFF_2005/Past.html (456 words)

	village voice > film > 'History Lessons: The Films of Jerzy Kawalerowicz' by Elliott Stein
		Although this most cosmopolitan of Polish directors began about the same time as compatriots Wajda and Munk, his major works do not belong to the "Polish school." As a rule, he's more interested in the fate of individuals than the fate of the nation.
		Attracted by existential problems, Kawalerowicz has never been faithful to one genre; what some of his films do have in common is his preoccupation with the extent to which fanaticism, whether political or religious, can influence events.
		The 82-year-old director will be present at the February 1 showing of this inspirational epic, said to be the biggest production in Polish film history.
	www.villagevoice.com /film/0404,stein,50576,20.html (328 words)

	Cornell University - HISTORY OF MODERN POLISH FILM - Theatre 455 - Spring 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aesthetically, intellectually, and spiritually modern Polish cinema (1945 to the present) is one of the richest
		We will be working with the disadvantage that very little has been written in English about Polish film history.
		little of the context of Polish film is known to us.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/mmr24/polish_film_455.html (1152 words)

	Meet the Film Director
		They co-directed 27 documentaries (their Hooligans marked the beginning of a "fl series" in the Polish documentary film) and 3 features: Gangsterzy i filantropi (The Gangsters and the Philantropists,1962), Prawo i pięść (The Law and the Fist, 1964) and Trzy kroki po ziemi (Three Steps on the Earth, 1965).
		The movie proved to be the biggest box office success in the last 20 years of the Polish film history.
		We used the historical setting to show the amazingly attractive material culture of our forefathers, well documented by the archaeologists, as well as to present world of magic and pagan beliefs from the centuries preceding the baptism of Poland in 996 A.D. - the world of a harmonious co-existence of humans and gods.
	www.polishfilms.org /PFF_2003/JerzyHoffman.htm (409 words)

	"Polish Film: A Twentieth Century History" by Charles Ford and Robert Hammond with additional material by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hardly any of the names or film titles will be familiar, except for Aleksander Ford, whose long directing career ran from the silent era to 1973 and who founded the artistic movement START, and the actress Pola Negri, a major star in her day who left Poland and worked with Ernst Lubitsch among others.
		Even if these films were not critically acclaimed masterpieces, their record-breaking box-office success, based as they were on two of the best-loved literary works, is surely a major event in Polish cinema history; perhaps the end-of-the-century cut-off was a factor here.
		Overall, Polish Film: A Twentieth Century History is hugely informative for readers interested in the topic, but is unlikely to have wider appeal for those wanting in-depth criticism of individual films.
	www.sensesofcinema.com /contents/books/05/36/polish_film.html (909 words)

	Contemporary Polish Cinema: Wajda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The course will examine the films of Andrzej Wajda who is regarded by film critics as the quintessential Polish director, so strongly is he connected to Polish history and Poland's cultural tradition.
		In this course, his films will be examined from both an historical and an aesthetic perspective in order to show how Wajda was involved in the main trends of post-war Polish cinema: in Socialist Realism, the Polish Film School and the Cinema of Moral Concern.
		As many of Wajda's films are adaptations of novels and short stories the course will also introduce some aspects of Polish literature.
	www.pitt.edu /AFShome/s/l/slavic/public/html/coursesnew/polish0871 (404 words)

	Schindler's List Plot 1
		When the Jews are gone from the house the candles slowly burn out.
		The German forces defeat the Polish in weeks.
		Soon afterward, the Jews are forced out of their homes to report to the train station, where their names are registered.
	www.historyinfilm.com /schnlist/plot.htm (548 words)

	Polish Film Festival in Los Angeles - Andrzej Munk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These three films confirmed his stature as a director and permanently secured his place in Polish film history.
		A tragic death ended work on his next film "The Passenger" (which was finished by Witold Lesiewicz).
		During 1957-61 he was an instructor at the Lodz Film School, which since 1965 awards the best new filmmakers with the Andrzej Munk Award.
	www.polishfilmla.org /people/andrzej_munk.html (163 words)

	AllRefer.com - Andrzej Wajda (Film, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Andrzej Wajda[An´jA vI´dA] Pronunciation Key, 1926–, Polish film director.
		His films are often studies of Poland's history and its recent or contemporary politics and often concentrate on the national yearning for freedom.
		Wajda, who is also a theater director, was active in Polish politics after the end of Communist rule, serving in the senate (1989–91) and as chairman of the nation's Cultural Council (1992–94).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/Wajda-An.html (210 words)

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