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	Volhynia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia.
		In 1939 the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact allowed the Soviet Union to annex all of Volhynia (an annexation confirmed as a result of World War II).
		In the course of the Nazi-Soviet population transfers which followed this German-Soviet reconciliation, the German minority population of Vohynia migrated to Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Volhynia (402 words)

	Polish minority in the Soviet Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Polish minority in the Soviet Union refers to former Polish citizens or Polish-speaking people who resided in the Soviet Union.
		Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union.
		Initially, the Poles were given 2 Polish Autonomous Districts, one in Belarus and one in Ukraine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_minority_in_Soviet_Union (545 words)

	Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The word genocide was coined by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jew, in 1944, from the roots genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin for killing).
		This number includes 2 million Soviet Jews mainly in the areas of former Eastern Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia proper, many of whom were killed by squads of Nazi collaborators formed among Ukrainians, Latvians, Russians and Lithuanians.
		Most scholars argue that this is not a case of genocide but simple famine, because while minority ethnic groups died, so did members of the majority Han Chinese, and at no time has the PRC government undertaken policies specifically to kill minority groups.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/g/ge/genocide.html (3992 words)

	Poles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are around 38 million Poles in Poland as well as autochthonous Polish minorities in the surrounding countries such as Germany, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus.
		There are some smaller minorities in Romania, Latvia etc. Note that there was/is also a Polish minority in the Soviet Union which included autochthonous Poles as well as as some forcefully transferred Poles.
		According to the preamble of the Constitution of Poland the Polish Nation consists of all citizens of Poland.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Poles (291 words)

	Kresy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Polish inhabitants of this region, known in Polish as ''Kresowiacy'', constituted approximately 40% of the population and had their distinct culture with accent and customs influenced by the presence of ethnic minorities.
		As a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, on September 17, 1939 the Soviet Union occupied Kresy and Bialystok VoivodshipBiałystok Voivodship, and a significant part of the Polish population Polish minority in the Soviet Union#1939-1947was deported to the Soviet Union/.
		Soviet representatives attempted to filter out persons of Belarusian and Ukrainian nationality from camps located in the Western occupation zones, in order to transfer them to the Soviet Union.
	www.infothis.com /find/Kresy (355 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary
		A term coined by Joseph V. Stalin to indicate that the Soviet Union was surrounded by capitalist states pursuing political, military, and economic policies aimed at weakening and destroying the Soviet regime.
		Soviet and Western experts believe that damage to the people's health, to the economy, and to the environment will be felt for decades.
		In the Soviet Union, the Uriate Church is found primarily in the western Ukrainian Republic, where it has been referred to as the Ukrainian Catholic Church.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_glos.html (9351 words)

	POLES FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Polans were one of the most influential tribes of the Greater_Poland, inhabitated the areas around the towns of Giecz, Gniezno and PoznaÅ, and managed to unite most of other Slavic tribes in the area under the rule of what became the Piast_Dynasty, thus giving birth to a new state.
		There are around 37 million Poles in Poland alone as well as autochthonous Polish minorities in the surrounding countries such as Germany, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus.
		There are some smaller minorities in Moldava, Latvia etc. Note that there was/is also a Polish_minority_in_the_Soviet_Union which included autochthonous Poles as well as as some forcefully transferred Poles.
	velocipay.com /Poles (443 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: So (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soviets were representatives of workers, peasants and soldiers in a given locale (rural soviets were a mix of peasants and soldiers, while urban soviets were a mix of workers and soldiers).
		These urban and rural soviets are grouped first in a volost congress, then in district congresses, then in the regional congresses, and lastly in the pan-Russian Congress of Soviets, made up of urban soviets' delegates (one for every 25,000 inhabitants) and of provincial congress delegates (one for every 125,000 inhabitants).
		In 1923, the Soviet government became the governing body of the U.S.S.R. The Soviet government claimed to be a dictatorship of the proletariat, but by no definition of the word was it.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/orgs/s/o.htm (3532 words)

	Polonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chicago is considered the biggest Polish city outside Poland.
		Clearly Polish surnames are very common in German-speaking countries.
		The main "hub" of the community seems to be based around the Hammersmith area of West London, although Polish newspapers and food suppliers are becoming more visible since Poland's entry into the EU in May 2004.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Polonia.htm (419 words)

	Learn more about Genocide in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The word was coined by Polish Jew Raphael Lemkin in 1944 from the roots genos (Greek for tribe or race) and -cide (Latin for killing).
		Lemkin campaigned for the international outlawing of genocide, which was achieved in 1951.
		Approximately 21 million Soviets, among them 7 million civilians, were killed in "Operation Barbarossa", the invasion of the Soviet Union.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ge/genocide.html (2485 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Separatism, resistance to Soviet rule and collaboration with the invading Germans were cited as the main official reasons for the deportations, although an ambition to ethnically cleanse regions may have also been a factor, epecially in the case of Crimean Tatars.
		After the WWII, the population of East Prussia was replaced by the Soviet one, mainly by Russians.
		The deportations had a profound effect on the non-Russian peoples of the Soviet Union and they are still a major political issue - the memory of the deportations played a major part in the separatist movements in Tatarstan, Chechnya and the Baltic republics.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union (382 words)

	Ethnic groups of the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Polish history, Polonia, Ethnic groups of the Soviet Union, Soviet history
		The Polish minority in the Soviet Union refers to former Poland citizens or Polish language-speaking people who resided in the Soviet Union.
		During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied vast Polish areas annexed by Soviet Union (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from the total population of about 13,5 million of these territories) were added.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Ethnic-groups-of-the-Soviet-Union (544 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Bibliography
		Linden, Carl A. Khrushchev and the Soviet Leadership, 1957- 1964.
		Mystics and Commissars: Sufism in the Soviet Union.
		Soviet Language Policy and Education in the Southern Tier, 1950 to 1982.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_bibl.html (11862 words)

	Genocide - Questionz.net , answers to all your questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Genocide is a type of atrocity in general use referring to the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, cultural or political group.
		The term was coined by Polish Jew Raphael Lemkin in 1944 from the roots genos (Greek for tribe or race) and -cide (Latin for killing).
		Polish minority in Soviet Union,Crimean Tatars, Don Cossacks, Chechens, Volga Germans, Kalmyks, Meskhetians, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Orthodox priests Some have claimed that Stalin was planning a purge of elite Jews following the so-called "Doctor's Plot".
	www.questionz.net /War/Genocide.html (2456 words)

	JS Online: European Union's expansion tempered by realities of a post-Soviet world
		The union, which dates to 1958, is planning to expand and has 12 countries waiting in the wings for membership.
		The union, home to 375 million people, takes in 1.9 million square miles and on a map resembles a giant Rorschach blot.
		"The official policy of the European Union is to take several of these countries in, but I think everybody agrees that to take in 12 countries would simply change the whole character of their organization," he said.
	www.jsonline.com /news/intl/nov99/eu09110899.asp (1330 words)

	Poles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Poles are a Slavic peopleswestern Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with Poland and the Polish language/.
		There are some smaller minorities in Romania, Estonia etc. Note that there was/is also a Polish minority in the Soviet Union which included autochthonous Poles as well as as some forcefully transferred Poles.
		According to the preamble of the Constitution of Poland the Polish Nation consists of all citizenshipcitizens/ of Poland.
	www.infothis.com /find/Poles (427 words)

	Joseph Stalin
		During 1943, the Red Army came upon thousands of Polish soldiers that were buried in mass graves in the Katyn forests.
		The Polish soldiers were used as propaganda, demonstrating the atrocities that the German Wehrmacht was capable of.
		However, it was later revealed that the Polish soldiers were actually killed by the Russian army, operating under the orders of Joseph Stalin.
	www.angelfire.com /ia/totalwar/Stalin.html (1217 words)

	ATS notes - Banknotes of Former Soviet Union
		The population is predominantly Lutheran, with a significant Roman Catholic minority.
		The Soviet Union annexed the Latvia in 1940.
		Polish rule in the XV and XVI century exposed Ukraine to European culture.
	www.atsnotes.com /su/su.html (3430 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Lithuanian Minority Groups Call for President to Resign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Lithuanian Minority Groups Call for President to Resign
		In the midst of a political crisis, a coalition of groups representing several of Lithuania’s ethnic minorities has called for President Rolandas Paksas to resign, according to a December 19, 2003 report by the Baltic News Service.
		Copyright 2005 by UCSJ: Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/123003Russ2.shtml (165 words)

	Minorities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Minorities, majorities, law, and ethnicity: reflections of the Yugoslav case.
		Gage, Nicholas, "The Forgotten Minority in the Balkans: The Greeks of Northern Epirus," Mediterranean Quarterly, Vol.
		Mucha, Janusz L., "Democratization and Cultural minorities: the Polish Case of the 1980s/90s," East European Quaterly, Vol.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/sipa/regional/ECE/minorities.html (6063 words)

	Germans_from_Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After the Russian Revolution, the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen; Автоно́мная Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Не́мцев Пово́лжья) was established from 1924–1942 with the capital in Engels (known as "Pokrovsk" before 1931).
		As the Nazis advanced into the USSR towards Volga, Joseph Stalin became worried about the possibility of Volga Germans collaborating with them.
		The males spent the war in Stalin's concentration camps, where the survival rate was very low.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Germans_from_Russia (669 words)

	Articles - Volhynia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Volhynia (Ð’Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ/Ð’Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ½Ñ, Volynâ in Ukrainian and Russian respectevely; WoÅyÅ in Polish; also called Volynia, VolyÅ in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug -- to the north of Galicia and of Podolia.
		In 1939 the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact returned all of Vohynia to the Soviet Union (confirmed as a result of World War II).
		Most of the Jewish and Polish minorities became victims of the ethnic clensing by Nazis and the UPA.
	lastring.com /articles/Volhynia?mySession=f3f6dd1a5b4e608e8e12176df9... (458 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II.
		Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency.
		Further progress in public finance depends mainly on reducing losses in Polish state enterprises, restraining entitlements, and overhauling the tax code to incorporate the growing gray economy and farmers, most of whom pay no tax.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/pl.html (1339 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Bigotry Monitor: Volume 5, Number 31 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The association represents about 20,000 of Belarus' 400,000-strong ethnic Polish minority, AFP reported on July 28.
		Blears spoke after a representative of the British Transport Police said that young men from ethnic minorities were more likely to be stopped by the police.
		Crimes driven by religious hatred increased to 269 incidents reported in the three weeks since July 7, compared with 40 in the same period last year, London police reported in a study released on August 2.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/080505Bigotry.shtml (2117 words)

	Polish minority in the Soviet Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Important facts about Polish minority in the Soviet Union
		Massacre of prisoners 30,000-40,000 After World War II most Poles from Kresy were expelled into Poland, but officially 1.3 million stayed in the USSR.
		More on Polish minority in the Soviet Union !
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Ethnic-groups-of-the-Soviet-Union/Polish-minority-in-the-Soviet-Union.html (545 words)

	Russia
		The paramount Soviet leaders comprised it: Vice-President Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev (s.a.); Prime Minister Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov (s.a.); KGB chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov; Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov (b.
		Former Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
		Although the U.S.S.R. was "Soviet Socialist" from its founding, all the republics began as "Socialist Soviet" and did not change to the other order until various dates in 1937.
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Russia.htm (4518 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During World War II, as Nazis advanced towards Volga, Stalin became worried about Volga Germans collaborating with them, so he ordered 24-hour relocation of Volga Germans eastwards.
		Similar deportations happened for other ethnic groups, see: Polish minority in Soviet Union, History of Chechnya, Crimean Tatars.
		After the war, many settled in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, Kazakhstan (2% of todays Kazakh population are recognized as Germans - approxiamately 300 000) and Uzbekistan (appr.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Volga_German (618 words)

	Polish Atrocities Against the German Minority
		Subsequent to the German invasion, Britain declared war on Germany, yet after the Soviet Union invaded the eastern Polish territory only a few weeks later, Britain neglected to declare war on the Soviet Union.
		On Bromberg Bloody Sunday, thousands of ethnic Germans were slaughtered like pigs in an alley because the majority "poles" (the "slavic", non-Teutonic types, really Turco-Ugaric, Hunnic, Tartar and Mongoloid residue from the old "Dark Age" invasions) knew they could do so with total impunity.
		Poles in official capacity were openly laying claim to ancient German territory, were engaging in the crudest pea-brained saber-rattling, had engaged in border violations and boasted of marching thru' the gates of Berlin in 3 weeks (or days, depending on which buzzing brain was indulging in the fantasy).
	www.jrbooksonline.com /polish_atrocities.htm (1445 words)

	French Recipes - Total Searchable Polish Recipe Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With a broad range of free recipes from sausage, pierogis, polish bread and other polish easter recipes make this your one stop source.
		Some of our personal Favorite Polish Recipes are Polish Pierogis, Polish Sausage Recipes, Polish Bread Recipes and Polish Cookie Recipes.
		The process of making this friendship bread is a lot of fun and the finished result tastes fantastic.
	www.french-recipes-toast.com (264 words)

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