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Topic: Polish parliamentary election, 1993

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	Election Resources on the Internet / Recursos Electorales en la Internet
		The results of parliamentary elections held in Denmark since 1990, as well as an overview of the proportional representation system used to choose members of the Danish legislature are available in Elections to the Danish Folketing.
		Elections to the New Zealand House of Representatives and Elections to the German Bundestag describe the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) representation system used in both countries, with results of parliamentary elections held in New Zealand from 1996 to 2005 and in Germany from 1972 to 2005.
		The results of parliamentary elections held in Portugal since 1975, as well as a description of the proportional representation system used to choose members of the Portuguese legislature are available in Elections to the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic.
	electionresources.org (1949 words)

	History of Poland Encyclopedia Articles @ JobsInArt.com (Jobs in Art) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Polish state was born in 966 with the baptism of Mieszko I, duke of the Slavic tribe of Polans and founder of the Piast dynasty.
		Polish nationalists were to remain among the staunchest allies of the French as the tide of war turned against them, inaugurating a relationship that continued into the twentieth century.
		Polish independence was eventually proclaimed on November 3, 1918 and later confirmed by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919; the same treaty also gave Poland some territories annexed by German and Austrian during the partitions (see Polish Corridor).
	www.jobsinart.com /encyclopedia/History_of_Poland (2752 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Politics of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Parliamentary elections for both houses of the Parliament of Poland were held on September 25, 2005.
		Both elections were blighted by low turn-outs: only 51% in the second and deciding round of the presidential election and just over 40% in the parliamentary election.
		WÅ‚odzimierz Cimoszewicz (born September 13, 1950 in Warsaw, Poland) is a renowned Polish politician, the Prime Minister of Poland from 1996 to autumn 1997, the Foreign Minister of Poland in the governments of Leszek Miller (2001-2004) and Marek Belka (2004-2005), and speaker of the Sejm (lower chamber...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politics-of-Poland (5125 words)

	Poland - MSN Encarta
		In the presidential election held in November 1995, Wałęsa, who had discredited himself among the Poles through his personal failings and political mistakes, was unseated by Kwaśniewski, a former Communist and the founder and leader of the SLD.
		Following parliamentary approval of the document in April, a nationwide referendum was held in May in which 52.7 percent of voters approved the new constitution.
		The elections were a stunning defeat for the Solidarity-led AWS, which was ousted from the legislature after failing to win the minimum 8 percent of the vote required for coalitions.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559758_14/Poland.html (1249 words)

	Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the 2005 elections, it has 56 out of 460 members of the Polish Sejm, and 3 members of the 100 in the Polish Senate (making it the second largest party in the coalition government after PiS).
		Samoobrona came in fourth in the 2004 European Parliament election, having received 10% of the votes; this gave it 6 of the 54 seats reserved for Poland in the European Parliament.
		The parliamentary elections in 2001 gave the party 53 seats in the Sejm, with 10.5% support, making it the third largest political force.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Samoobrona (547 words)

	Lech Walesa - MSN Encarta
		The union was re-legalized in April 1989 and won an astounding victory in a semifree election in June.
		An unstable parliamentary situation led to new elections in September 1993, and a coalition of parties with links to the Communist Party, which was disbanded in 1990, was returned to power.
		The presidential election in November 1995 became a straight fight between post-Communism, represented by Aleksander Kwaśniewski, and Solidarity.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761571557 (952 words)

	Politics of Belarus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The March 4, 1990, elections to the republic's Supreme Soviet gave the country a legislature that was little different from previous legislatures: only 10 percent of the deputies were members of the opposition.
		A quickly organized election was held in June, and a runoff election between the two highest vote-getters was held in July; in a surprise result, Kyebich was soundly beaten by populist Alexander Lukashenko, a youthful anticorruption crusader.
		Although the 1990 and 1995 parliamentary elections were far from democratic, the predominance of conservatives in the legislature had deeper roots than just the lack of means for free expression and the strictures of the electoral procedure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Belarus (4605 words)

	Recursos Electorales en la Internet / Election Resources on the Internet
		Elections to the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies tiene una breve exposición en inglés del sistema electoral del gran ducado, con los resultados de las elecciones legislativas de 1999 y 2004.
		Parliamentary Elections in Japan tiene en inglés los resultados de las elecciones de 1998, 2001, 2004 y 2007, así como una breve exposición del sistema electoral de la cámara alta de la Dieta Nacional de Japón.
		Elections to the New Zealand House of Representatives y Elections to the German Bundestag describen en inglés el sistema de representación por Membresía Mixta Proporcional (MMP) utilizado en ambos países, con los resultados de las elecciones parlamentarias celebradas en Nueva Zelanda desde 1996 hasta 2005 y en Alemania desde 1972 hasta 2005, respectivamente.
	recursoselectorales.org /index_es.html (2018 words)

	Lithuania - Politics
		Parliamentary organization was complicated by the numerous parliamentary factions, unrelated to party strength or differentiation in society.
		The Polish minority, however, was able to win four seats because it was not required to reach the 4 percent threshold.
		The significance of the parliamentary elections result was threefold: the nationalist forces of Landsbergis were crushed, the postcommunist politicians led by Brazauskas made an amazing comeback, and the political center in the parliament was destroyed.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-8298.html (1449 words)

	[No title]
		In 1999, after the election structures of SLD were united and transformed into a uniform political party, Miller was chosen as the party's chairman at its first party congress, in December 1999.
		In the 1993 election, he won 82 per cent of the votes cast for his political formation in the province of Bialystok /north-eastern Poland/.
		In 1992- 1993 he was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and rapporteur of the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights.
	www.chez.com /vipsgov/poland.htm (852 words)

	Elections in Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		There were no presidential elections during that period, with Bolesław Bierut being nominated president by the Sejm and the office being abolished by the new constitution in 1952.
		Polish presidents were elected by Sejm and Senate (Zgromadzenie Narodowe), not in a popular vote.
		The Swedish Elections Act, revised 1997, which regulates elections to the Swedish parliament, county and municipal councils as well as to the European Parliament, is provided in English translation by the Swedish Ministry of Justice (PDF).
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Elections_in_Poland (1876 words)

	Solidarity information - Search.com
		Election law allowed Solidarity to put candidates only for 35% seats in Sejm, but there were no restrictions for the Senate of Poland candidates.
		It was victorious in the Polish parliamentary election, 1997 and Jerzy Buzek became a Prime Minister.
		AWS leader Marian Krzaklewski, lost in the Polish presidential election, 2000 and in Polish parliamentary election, 2001 AWS failed to elect a single deputy to the parliament.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Solidarity (4570 words)

	Pravapis.org - Belarusian language - German and Belarusian Minorities
		Unfortunately, all of them are in Belarusian or Polish, so any Western scholar interested in the life of Polish Belarusians would be put to the difficult task of mastering the two languages if he or she wanted to get some insight into the subject of his or her interest.
		The general discontent with the Polish state and system among the minority, as well as the social and cultural ties of the community, assisted their political success.
		Polish Germans won seven seats in the Sejm in the 1991 parliamentary election and four seats in the 1993 elections.
	www.pravapis.org /art_belarusian_minorities.asp (790 words)

	History of Poland
		The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which onethird of the seats went to communists and onethird went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners.
		Free and fair elections were held for the presidency in November 1990 and for parliament in October 1991 and September 1993.
		Polish prosecutors subsequently decided that there was insufficient evidence to charge Oleksy, and a parliamentary commission decided in November 1996 that the Polish intelligence services may have violated rules of procedure in gathering evidence in the Oleksy case.
	www.worldrover.com /history/poland_history.html (2089 words)

	Foreign & Commonwealth Office Country Profiles
		Parliamentary elections were held in May 1995 for a unicameral parliament, the 260-member Supreme Soviet.
		This pattern of repression was particularly evident in the build up to parliamentary elections in October 2004 and the presidential election in March 2006, when opposition figures were put under intense pressure and numerous independent media outlets were suspended or closed.
		The elections, and the concurrent referendum on amending the constitution to lift the two-term presidential limit, were judged by the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) not to have met international standards.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029394365&a=KCountryProfile&aid=1019233915818 (4153 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		After the parliamentary elections in September 1993, even with a distinct majority coalition, it was impossible to corral the president within the boundaries inscribed in the Little Constitution.
		According to general parliamentary principles, the prime minister is responsible to the Sejm for his counter-signatures, but it is important to remember that this responsibility can be exercised only in the process of a “constructive vote of no confidence” (Art.
		If the September election is won by the Right, President Kwasniewski might be tempted to use the available checks and balances provided for in the new Constitution more broadly, an approach taken by Walesa after the victory of the left in 1993.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol6num2/feature/presidency.html (5364 words)

	Holocaust History - Poland's Holocaust - Maps & Info
		The population of Polish communities abroad is estimated at 12 mlllion with the largest existing in the United States (5.6 mln), CIS (2,5 mln), France (1 mln), Germany (0.8 mln), Canada (mln), Brazil (0.2mn), Australia 90.15) and the UK (0.14).
		Poland is a republic with a mixture of presidential and parliamentary models.
		The September 1993 election to the Sejm was held according to the new election law with a 5% vote required for representation in the Parliament (for electoral coalitions (this threshold was set at 8%).
	holocaustforgotten.com /info.htm (1581 words)

	Racist party dominates Australian election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In fact, his election timetable and tactics are to a great extent being dominated by considerations of the impact of One Nation.
		She was initially endorsed as the official Liberal candidate in the former Labor stronghold of Oxley in the 1996 federal elections.
		Her maiden parliamentary speech in 1996, in which she accused Asian immigrants of swamping the country and attacked Aborigines for being showered with subsidies and welfare, received enthusiastic backing from Howard himself.
	www.wsws.org /news/1998/jun1998/hans-j11.shtml (1460 words)

	CNN.com - World - Election Watch
		According to an electoral law that took effect before the 1993 parliamentary election, parties (except for national minority groups) must gain 5 percent of the vote and coalitions must gather 8 percent of the vote to qualify for seats in the Sejm.
		Elections were last held on September 19, 1993 for the Senat and Sejm.
		460 seats were decided in the last election for the Sejm.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/election.watch/europe/poland.html (263 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Blinkbits.com
		Polish involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq (en)
		Polish invovement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq (en)
		Polish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (en)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/PO?from=9600 (261 words)

	Party Politics Vol. 1, Issue 4, p. 599 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The outcome of the 1993 election was the occasion for a reappraisal of the prospects for party development in Poland.
		This time a minimum 5 percent threshold was imposed with the intention of avoiding the excessive representation of parties and degree of parliamentary fragmentation seen after the 1991 election.
		In this sense, the current role of the Polish state in supporting the major parliamentary parties means that the doubts that have been expressed about the future of the mass party are of less practical importance - even for the only party that can lay claim to a mass membership.
	www.partypolitics.org /volume01/v01i4p599.htm (206 words)

	Democracies Urged to Protect Rights (Human Rights Watch Press Release, June 2000)
		The conference is being convened by Poland, Chile, the Czech Republic, India, Mali, the Republic of Korea, and the United States.
		In Egypt, where the right to establish political parties remains severely circumscribed, parliamentary elections have been characterized by massive fraud, intimidation and harassment of opposition candidates, and severe restrictions on freedom of assembly.
		Elections, of course, are only one test of a democracy.
	www.hrw.org /press/2000/06/democracy.htm (1205 words)

	Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He has also cooperated with a number of Polish NGOs and think-tanks namely, The Institute of Public Affairs, OFOP The Polish Federation of NGOs and The School for Leaders Association.
		In the period between 1996 and 1999, she served as a coordinator of Polish Migration Project at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College, London.
		In 2001 he was working as the OSCE Polling Station Supervisor during Parliamentary Election in Kosovo.
	www.csm.org.pl /en/staff/staff.htm (1338 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Pavirzis' election was immediately protested on the grounds that three parliamentary deputies participated in violation of a Constitutional Court ruling in December forbidding simultaneous membership in the parliament and local councils (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 10 April 2003).
		To judge by the conduct of a recent local election in Sumy in eastern Ukraine, the authorities have refined and improved the tactics first used to influence the outcome of last year's parliamentary elections, according to both Ukrainian opposition politicians and media commentators.
		For the leadership of CIS states, election defeat means not just the loss of political power, but also the loss of their businesses, vulnerability to new and stringent anticorruption measures, and being called to account for their actions when they were in power.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2003/06/060603.asp (11932 words)

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