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Topic: Polish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

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	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The treaty was signed by representatives of the EU Member States at the Abbaye de Neumünster in Luxembourg on 25 April 2005.
		The earliest EU treaty was the Treaty of Paris of 1951 (took effect in 1952) which established the European Coal and Steel Community between an original group of six European countries.
		A Committee of the Regions was established as part of the Treaty of Maastricht.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union (6150 words)

	Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The current debate on the future of Europe is often said to have begun with a speech made by German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer in Berlin in 2000 [1], calling for a debate on the finality of European integration.
		The rejection of the constitution in the referenda in France and the Netherlands, made the TCE's future and the implementation of its provisions highly uncertain, provoking a crisis of confidence in the project which has resulted, at least initially, in a degree of strategic paralysis.
		A long-planned referendum in Luxembourg went ahead after the defeats in the Netherlands and France, but even there the majority in favour of TCE was unexpectedly narrow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe (6046 words)

	Polish referendum on the European Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Polish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was a referendum expected to be held on in October 2005 to decide whether Poland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
		Some of right wing parties are sceptical about the Constitution due to a feeling that the country had lost out on the issue of Polish voting strength during negotiations.
		Former President Aleksander Kwaśniewski had said that a referendum on the Constitution could have been combined with the presidential elections in October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Polish_referendum_on_the_European_Constitution (235 words)

	Νέα σελίδα 1
		The Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse, a nominal vassal of Rome, was established in 419, and at its fullest extent included the territory from the Strait of Gibraltar north to the River Loire in present-day France.
		During the establishment of Moorish power, a remnant of Christian rule was preserved in the northern portion of the peninsula.
		Much of Europe viewed the Bourbon acquisition of Spain's still vast territories with alarm, and accordingly favoured the Habsburg claims to the throne, as represented by the younger son of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. England, the Netherlands, Austria, Prussia, and several smaller countries formed a coalition against Louis XIV.
	www.1001medrecipes.com /mSPAIN.htm (12986 words)

	ipedia.com: Poland Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Republic of Poland, a country in Central Europe, lies between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
		The Polish landscape consists almost entirely of the lowlands of the North European Plain, at an average height of 173 metres, though the Sudetes (including the Karkonosze) and the Carpathian Mountains (including the Tatra mountains, where one also finds Poland's highest point, Rysy, at 2,499 m.) form the southern border.
		The Polish language, a member of the West Slavic branch of the Slavic languages, functions as the official language of Poland.
	www.ipedia.com /poland.html (1890 words)

	The European Constitution: parliamentary follow-up and public opinion
		The European Constitution and its ratification by individual EU member states are of crucial importance for the future functioning and further enlargement processes of the EU.
		Those citizens opposed to the European Constitution and who would vote against it in a referendum are afraid of hegemony on the part of the strongest states (75%), and doubt that the Constitutional Treaty would facilitate the way the EU functions (63%).
		Constitution enthusiasts are also worried about the domination of the EU's most powerful countries (62%), but unlike the opponents, they hope that once the Constitution enters into force, the EU really will function better (71%).
	www.assembly-weu.org /en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/rpt/2004/1876.html (8696 words)

	EPP-ED Group: The European Constitution
		A binding referendum initiated by the Sejm (Polish parliament) is expressly provided for to ratify international treaties or matters seen as being of crucial importance to the state.
		6 of the EU Treaty guarantees the integrity of the fundamental principles of the Polish constitution.
		On 29.10.04, when the 25 EU heads of state gathered in Rome to sign the Constitution, Polish President Kwasniewski said he was "relatively optimistic" about the results of the referendum in Poland.
	www.epp-ed.org /constitution/referendum-poland_en.asp (225 words)

	EU Referendum
		In the first of what will be a series of posts on this White Paper on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, we look at Blair's statement, set out in the foreword to the document.
		Once again it is necessary to remind dear Tony of his speech given in the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw on 6 October 2000, a section of which we reproduced in this Blog on 17 June.
		It is perhaps easier for the British than for others to recognise that a constitutional debate must not necessarily end with a single, legally binding document called a Constitution for an entity as dynamic as the EU.
	eureferendum.blogspot.com /2004/09/blairspeak.html (738 words)

	Obsessed with Constitution as Europe Sinks
		The EU Constitution is an example of the corrosion of one of the most important of Western institutions, the national state.
		Last Saturday it was revealed that German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who never made a secret of her desire to revive the European constitutional treaty, along with the cunning French president Jacques Chirac, have devised a Franco-German plan to present the core of the EU Constitution to the French and Dutch voters again.
		Last January the Polish president Lech Kaczynski said that the EU should draft a new text because the one currently on the table pushes for more integration than the citizens are willing to accept.
	www.brusselsjournal.com /node/886/print (1035 words)

	Three Monkeys Reading the fine print - The European Constitution
		Nearly a dozen countries have ratified the treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe with hardly a whisper of controversy; two electorates reject it and there is a storm of breast beating and rending of garments.
		The Polish press seems convinced that the French voted no because of a fear of the “Polish plumber.” Other quarters believe that the no vote was born of ignorance – the same reason given for the Irish electorate’s rejection of the Nice treaty.
		What the Constitution does is codify and present in one document the small incremental changes that have been adopted by the governments of the EU over the years.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /threemon_printable.php?id=256 (1323 words)

	Act4europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The French Constitutional Court must examine the implications that the Constitutional Treaty will have for the French Constitution and it can only begin doing this after the treaty is signed on 29 October.
		The referendum will take place just days after the end of the Luxembourg Presidency of the EU (first half of 2005) and will be the first referendum in Luxembourg since 1937.
		Either Portugal's constitution will need to be amended, or the referendum must be worded in a way that circumvents the issue and allows the people to voice an opinion.
	www.act4europe.org /code/en/back.asp?Page=193 (1274 words)

	France votes no in EU referendum - Wikinews
		Some supporters of the constitution contend that certain European measures that many consider ill-advised (such as the Bolkestein directive or the directive on software patents) would not have been adopted if the stronger checks and balances provided for by the constitution had been implemented, but there is little actual basis to support such a claim.
		Proponents of the constitution dispel the accusation that the constitution is ultra-libéral (i.e.
		Finally, supporters of the proposed Constitution point out that this referendum is about the ratification of a treaty, and is not a plebiscite on the actions of president Jacques Chirac and prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, both of which are deeply unpopular.
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/France_votes_no_in_EU_referendum (2453 words)

	Spain: record abstention in referendum on European Union constitution
		The referendum was the first in a series of European polls to be held over the next 18 months on the constitutional treaty, which is aimed at consolidating the EU as an economic and military bloc against its major rivals, particularly the United States.
		The US policy of using military force to establish global American hegemony threatens the imperialist interests of Europe’s major powers and is spurring their own efforts to build up an independent military capability, and thus ensure their share in a new colonial-style plunder of the world.
		By overcoming Europe’s division into a myriad of competing nation states, the way would be cleared for utilising the enormous technical, cultural and material resources of the continent so as to put an end to all forms of poverty and backwardness.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2005/feb2005/spai-f23.shtml (1246 words)

	French Voters Deliver a Crushing Defeat to European Constitution - New York Times
		The constitution, whose architect was former French President Valery Giscard D'Estaing, is essentially a vehicle to streamline decision-making in the expanded 25-member bloc and a blueprint for the next stage of its growth and unification.
		It is conceivable that the constitution could be voted on by the French again or even revised, although the process would be long, cumbersome and likely to dramatically change an already unwieldy document that took two and a half years for leaders of member states to agree on.
		The referendum polarized France, with extremes of both the left and the right aligning in the no bloc and the center-right and most of the Socialist Party in the yes camp.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/05/29/international/europe/29cnd-france.html?ei=5088&en=4bb14b92a9b656fb&ex=1275019200&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print (1464 words)

	EUI - LAW - The ratification of the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
		A number of comparative sessions will allow to study in depth the procedures used in members states for authorising the ratification of the Treaty of 29 October 2004 establishing a Constitution for Europe, be they of a parliamentary nature or by means of referendum.
		As the rejection of the Treaty in the French referendum of 29 May 2005 and in the Dutch referendum of 1 June addressed mainly the third part of the constitutional treaty or the last elargement, i.e.
		The Treaty of Rome of 29 October 2004 in the light of Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties.
	www.iue.it /LAW/ResearchTeaching/Seminars20052006-II/TheRatificationOfTheTreaty.shtml (1325 words)

	France's voters refuse EU constitution
		On Wednesday, the Netherlands will hold a referendum, and polls indicate a negative verdict, effectively burying the document that was supposed to streamline decision-making for the EU and give it a unified voice on defense and foreign policy.
		The constitution is essentially a vehicle to streamline decision-making in the expanded 25-member bloc and a blueprint for the next stage of its growth and unification.
		It is conceivable that the constitution could be revised and voted on by the French again, although the process would be long, cumbersome and likely to drastically change an already unwieldy document that took 2- 1/2 years to produce.
	www.ocregister.com /ocr/2005/05/30/sections/news/news/article_539855.php (1310 words)

	[No title]
		I suppose that is the inevitable consequence of leaving it to each member state to decide how and when to ratify, whether by referendum or through their national parliaments.
		In preparing these 50 questions and answers from a European and a citizen perspective, we have come to the conclusion at ECAS that it is actually a rather better deal than we had thought at the outset.
		I think this reflects the rather more democratic way the Constitution was drawn up by a Convention of members of government and national as well as European MP’s meeting in public and listening to civil society.
	www.ecas.org /file_uploads/724.doc (711 words)

	European No Campaign: WELCOME
		July 8: Poland freezes ratification process The Polish parliament voted to put off a decision on whether to ratify the EU constitution by referendum or parliament.
		June 2: Core Europe idea resurfaces - The EU is struggling to produce a unified response to the Dutch rejection of the treaty.
		May 24: Warsaw heads for autumn referendum - The Polish government is keen to hold a referendum on the EU constitution this autumn.
	www.europeannocampaign.com (1523 words)

	AJC - Publications - International - Crisis in Europe: From Enlargement to Stalled Constitutional Ratification
		A new constitutional treaty, to be ratified by all 25 members, written essentially under the tutelage of a Frenchman, Former President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, was to be the capstone of this success.
		Following the French constitutional vote a joint declaration on the results was released by the President of the European Parliament Jospep Borrell Fontelles, President of the European Council Jean-Claude Junker and President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso.
		A weaker Europe makes a weaker partner for the U.S. and the Bush II administration is arguing strongly for a need to move ahead internationally in conjunction with its allies.
	www.ajc.org /site/apps/nl/content3.asp?c=ijITI2PHKoG&b=846725&ct=1153997 (1453 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| EU constitution nears crunch vote
		Luxembourg votes on Sunday in what will be the last referendum on the EU constitution this year, and could be the last ever.
		A poll conducted last month, after the rejection of the constitution in France and the Netherlands, suggested that 46% of Luxembourgers were in favour and 38% were opposed.
		The question being asked, in three languages, is: "Are you in favour of the treaty establishing a constitution for Europe, signed in Rome on 29 October 2004?"
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4664513.stm (547 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Poland
		Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role.
		Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)
		The privatization of small and medium state-owned companies and a liberal law on establishing new firms has encouraged the development of the private business sector, but legal and bureaucratic obstacles alongside persistent corruption are hampering its further development.
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/pl.html (1281 words)

	ZNet \| Europe \| French Say "Non"
		No wonder, because the referendum result amounted to an extraordinary rejection not only of a bad text, but also of the whole political class -- newspaper and television commentators included -- who had zealously resorted to every possible exhortation, deception and threat to sell the "oui" vote.
		The second motive indicated, with 46%, was the "neo-liberal" nature of the Constitution treaty.
		The crucial task for the future of Europe will depend on cooperation between the French and German left in explaining the meaning of the French rejection to the Germans and in inspiring a new common political course.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=7986§ionID=74 (1261 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In 1950, the French Foreign Minister Robert SCHUMAN proposed an eventual union of all Europe, the first step of which would be the integration of the coal and steel industries of Western Europe.
		The 1992 Treaty of Maastricht laid the basis for further forms of cooperation in foreign and defense policy, in judicial and internal affairs, and in the creation of an economic and monetary union - including a common currency.
		An EU Constitutional Treaty, signed in Rome on 29 October 2004, gave member states two years to ratify the document before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006.
	www.odci.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ee.html (1986 words)

	ASIL Insights: Treaty on Constitution for Europe
		Adoption of the Treaty on the Constitution for Europe
		After the initial disappointment, constitutional talks were revived in March 2004 under the initiative of the Irish Presidency.
		These are concerns that the constitution addresses, albeit in a way that may still need to be perfected, and that are ongoing challenges of governance.
	www.asil.org /insights/insigh137.htm (681 words)

	France rejects EU constitution / Vote deals hard blow to Chirac presidency, European unity
		The debate had been colored by fear of the mythical "Polish plumber," the worker from recent eastern EU members who is increasingly free to move west and willing to work for lower pay than French workers.
		France's is the first rejection of the EU constitution by one of its members after ratification by nine EU countries.
		The constitution is essentially a vehicle to streamline decision-making in the 25-member bloc and a blueprint for the next stage of its growth and unification.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/05/30/MNGE3D0QDG1.DTL (705 words)

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