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Topic: Politburo of the CPSU

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	Politburo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Politburo is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably for Communist Parties.
		In Marxist-Leninist states, the party is seen as the "vanguard of the people" and therefore usually has the power to control the state, and the non-state party officials in the politburo generally hold extreme power.
		Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, in the Soviet Union
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politburo (386 words)

	Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Politburo was responsible to, and its membership was subject to, the approval of the Central Committee.
		One example of the Central Committee of the CPSU overruling the Presidium (as the Politburo was known) was the defeat of the so-called Anti-Party Group in 1958.
		Although, in theory, the Politburo was elected from below, in practice, the leading members of the Politburo and, of course, Lenin were highly influential in determining the body's composition which, in the end, reflected the weight and competing influence of various individuals within the party, their allies within the Politburo and supporters outside of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politburo_of_the_CPSU_Central_Committee (2201 words)

	Read about Politburo at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Politburo and learn about Politburo here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Stalin however, this model was essentially reversed and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Committee.
		Moscow changed, sometimes quite abruptly - a phenomenon which tested the ability of local Communist leaders to conform with the new orthodoxy or, converserly, the ability of dissenting communist parties to maintain their independence.
		Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, in the
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Politburo (373 words)

	Russia - Gorbachev's Reform Dilemma
		Andrey Gromyko retired from the Politburo, Yegor Ligachev was relieved of the ideology portfolio within the Secretariat, and Boris Pugo replaced Politburo member Mikhail Solomentsev as chairman of the powerful Party Control Committee.
		By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals, intellectuals, and the general public as anachronistic and unable to lead the country.
		In a series of humiliations, the CPSU had been separated from the government and stripped of its leading role in society and its function in overseeing the national economy.
	countrystudies.us /russia/18.htm (980 words)

	Politburo
		A Politburo is short for political bureau and is the executive organization for a number of Communist Parties.
		Under Marxism-Leninism the party is seen as the "vanguard of the people" and therefore usually has the power to control the state, and the non-state party officials in the politburo generally hold extreme power.
		For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to a former Soviet Foreign Minister.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Politburo.html (188 words)

	The CPSU Politburo and its Commissions under Brezhnev: Decision Making in the Cases of Afghanistan and Poland
		It is supposed that the Afghanistan commission attached to the CPSU Politburo had been established in September, 1979 or possibly a little later, when the main leader of Afghanistan, Taraki, was ousted by its second figure, Amin.
		It is noteworthy that in April, 1981 the Poland commission made a suggestion to the Politburo to utilize the fear harbored by "reactionaries" in Poland and by "international imperialism" that the USSR might appeal to force to resolve the problem.
		In the Politburo meeting held on December 10, a few days before the introduction of martial law in Poland, Andropov repeated this position, criticizing Jaruzelski who was counting on military aid from the USSR if the worst happened.
	src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp /publictn/45/kim/kim-e.html (449 words)

	[No title]
		This report was on the table of the Defense Minister at the moment when he was leaving for the CC CPSU Politburo meeting in the morning of December 12.
		Every Politburo member knew how a disagreement with the opinion of General Secretary would be received, and therefore all proposals were “received with unanimous approval.” The principle of collective cover-up ruled the day.
		In those times, such actions were possible as a result of the existing practice of making important political decisions: in reality, after their adoption by the CC CPSU Politburo (the highest organ of the ruling party), they were, for the main part, simply formally “approved” by the state organs, and were announced to the people.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/r8.doc (1071 words)

	[WikiEN-l] Can we ban 172 now? And VV too! (in response to Fred Bauder)
		The Politburo determined the general direction of the economy via control figures (preliminary plan targets), major investment projects (capacity creation), and general economic policies.
		The Politburo sent its list of priorities for the five-year plan to the [[SovnarkomCouncil of Ministers]], which constituted the government bureaucracy of the USSR.
		This committee stood at the apex of the vast economic bureaucracy, including the state planning apparatus, the industrial ministries, the trusts (the intermediate between the ministries and the enterprises), and finally, the state enterprises.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikien-l/2004-June/013100.html (2457 words)

	CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: KGB's 1967 Annual Report
		Following the decree of the CC CPSU on this issue, passed on 17 June 1967, a Fifth Directorate was created in the Committee of State Security and fifth bureaus, divisions and departments in territorial branches of the KGB.
		Implementing the instructions of the CC CPSU, the Committee of State Security carried out a set of measures aimed at increasing the struggle with the anti-Soviet activities of the Chinese splitters [raskolniki] and at ensuring the reliable protection of the borders of the USSR with the PRC.
		On the basis of the data obtained by the intelligence services, there were prepared and sent to the CC CPSU 4,260 informational reports, to the CC CPSU departments-4,728, to the Foreign Ministry of the USSR-4,832, to the Ministry of Defense and the GRU [Military Intelligence] of the General Staff of the Soviet Army-4,639.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/21/documents/kgb.report (4423 words)

	Document Six: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CPSU CC Politburo records show that from the outset of the uprising, Soviet leaders considered, yet rejected, urgent telephone appeals from Taraki and his powerful deputy, Hafizullah Amin, to send in Soviet military forces to help the evidently shaky Afghan army suppress the spreading revolt.
		In their 1 April 1979 report to the Politburo, Gromyko, Andropov, Ustinov, and Ponomarev had pointed to the “situation in Iran and the spark of religious fanatacism all around the Muslim East” as the “underlying cause” of the anti-Kabul agitation.
		That a full CPSU CC Politburo meeting was not held to approve the invasion until it had taken place, and that the memorandum was hand-written to avoid informing typists, phrased euphemistically to avoid explicit reference to troops, or even to Afghanistan (“A”), reflect the secrecy with which the fateful step ultimately came about.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~aksmith/HY442/Afghanistan-Documents.htm (11442 words)

	THE POLITBURO OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION (BOLSHEVIKS) AND SOVIETIZATION OF THE ...
		On 4 December, the Politburo adopted the decision on the establishment of 5 administrative regions in Western Belorussia and 6 – in Western Ukraine, and on the composition of bureaux of the regional committees of the party and regional executive committees.
		In September the Politburo approved the lists of the members of the Bureaux of the CP Central Committees, People’s Commissars of Internal Affairs, and members of the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian delegations which were included into the Soviet-German commissions for the exchange of residents.
		On 28 December, the Politburo approved the decision of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR and the CPSU’s Central Committee on taxes and charges levied on farms in Soviet Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
	www.genocid.lt /GRTD/Konferencijos/eng/natalija.htm (6842 words)

	Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Politburo was the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, made up of the top members of the Central Committee.
		In reality it oversaw the operations of the Committee and made all major policy decisions, which were then passed down through the Central Committee, the Supreme Soviet and the Party Congress[?].
		The Politburo was created by Lenin in 1917 to direct the Revolution and following the Eighth Party Congress in 1919 it became and remained the true centre of political power in the Soviet Union.
	www.city-search.org /po/politburo-of-the-cpsu-central-committee.html (651 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Gorbachev
		In 1966 Gorbachev was promoted to first secretary of the Stavropol’ city committee of the CPSU and in 1968 to second secretary of the party committee of Stavropol’ Territory.
		In April 1970, having been recommended to CPSU general secretary Leonid Brezhnev by Kulakov (then a member of the Soviet leadership), Gorbachev became first secretary of the Stavropol’ Territory CPSU committee, the youngest regional first secretary in the Soviet Union.
		Suslov had served as first secretary of the Stavropol’ Territory committee of the CPSU in the 1940s; Andropov was a native of the area and often vacationed there.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761552563___10/Gorbachev.html (424 words)

	Towards the Meeting of Boris Yeltsin....
		In 1968 he began his party career at the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU and became the first secretary of that committee in 1976.
		A member of the CPSU Central Committee since 1981, he was appointed head of the construction department of the CPSU Central Committee in April 1985.
		From 1985 to 1986 he was a secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, and an alternate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee from 1986 to February 1988.
	www.g7.utoronto.ca /summit/1994naples/russian/1.html (544 words)

	Politburo -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A Politburo is the executive organization for a number of (Click link for more info and facts about political parties) political parties, most notably for (Click link for more info and facts about Communist Parties) Communist Parties.
		Instead, party members answerable to or controlled by the party held these posts, often as honorific posts as a reward for their long years of service to the party.
		Under (Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)) Stalin however, this model was essentially reversed and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Committee.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Po/Politburo.htm (315 words)

	Encyclopedia: Politburo
		Jump to: navigation, search A Communist state is a term for a state governed by a single political party which declares its allegiance to the principles of Marxism-Leninism.
		Category: Politics The Politburo (in Russian: Политбюро), known as the Presidium from 1952 to 1966, functioned as the central policymaking and governing body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		The Politburo of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú) is a group of 19 to 25 people who oversee the Communist Party of China.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politburo (1064 words)

	POLITBURO OF THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In theory it was the political bureau (hence Politburo) of the Central Committee, elected by them to direct the party between the sessions of the committee and with a mandate that only covered the party.
		Members of the Politburo were selected informally by current members through a secret process.
		A smaller group of Politburo members made up the Politburo Secretariat, a final group of confidants around the General Secretary.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/POLITBURO+OF+THE+CPSU+CENTRAL+COMMITTEE (344 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		\par \par Extract from protocol #150 of the CC CPSU Politburo session \par from 21 April 1979 \par __________________________ \par \par On the inexpediency of the participation of soviet military helicopter crews in the suppression of counter-revolutionary activities in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		In their 1 April 1979 report to the Politburo, Gromyko, Andropov, Ustinov, and Ponomarev had pointed to the \'93situation in Iran and the spark of religious fanatacism all around the Muslim East\'94 as the \'93 underlying cause\'94 of the anti-Kabul agitation.
		That a full CPSU CC Politburo meeting was not held to approve the invasion until it had taken place, and that the memorandum was hand-written to avoid informing typists, phrased euphemistically to avoid explicit reference to troops, or even to Afghanistan (\'93A\'94), reflect the secrecy with which the fateful step ultimately came about.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~aksmith/HY442/Afghanistan-Documents.rtf (18225 words)

	ISCIP - Perspective
		Former CPSU Secretary Viktor Chebrikov advised then KGB Chairman Viktor Kryuchkov during the USSR Supreme Soviet debate on the Law on the KGB.
		In August 1990, for instance, CPSU Deputy General Secretary Vladimir Ivashko signed a memorandum which called for using CPSU assets to create an "invisible party economy" in the form of private banks and businesses to fund this takeover.(2) With the CPSU's demise, former communist officials focused on purchasing this real estate quickly.
		Orlov, an assistant to former CPSU CC General Department Chief Valeri Boldin, made a lateral move by becoming first deputy chief of the General Department within the Russian Council of Ministers.
	www.bu.edu /iscip/vol2/karasik.html (1651 words)

	Organization of the Communist Party of the USSR : Central Committee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Politburo of the CPSU Central CommitteeThe political bureau of the Central Committee and the most powerful political group of the party.">
		CPSU Central Committee">Politburo of the CPSU Central CommitteeThe political bureau of the Central Committee and the most powerful political group of the party.
		CPSU Central Committee">Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee
	www.termsdefined.net /ce/central-committee.html (339 words)

	Commentary
		The phone call from Brezhnev reinforced Dubcek's sense that, as he put it, he was "under constant attack." Although Dubcek initially tried to contain his irritation, he gradually lost his composure in the face of Brezhnev's angry reproaches.
		It would have been impossible for the "entire Politburo" to have been meeting or "exchanging views" at this time, unless some of the members were participating by phone (either during the session or by being consulted afterwards).
		What seems more likely is that a core of senior members of the Politburo -- Brezhnev, Podgornyi, Kosygin, and perhaps one or two others -- were meeting in the Crimea on behalf of the "entire Politburo." They undoubtedly received authority to do so at the session of the full CPSU Politburo on 6 August.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~hpcws/commentary.htm (746 words)

	Encyclopedia: Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee
		The Supreme Soviet (Russian:, Verhovniy Sovet, literally the Supreme Council) comprised the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments.
		The Congress of the CPSU was the gathering of the delegates of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its predecessors.
		The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee was a key body within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was responsible for the central administration of the party as opposed to drafting government policy which was usually handled by the Politburo.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politburo-of-the-CPSU-Central-Committee (8832 words)

	Grigory Romanov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A soldier in the Red Army during World War II and a designer in a shipyard, Romanov joined the Communist Party in 1944 and eventually rose to be the chief of the Communist Party in Leningrad.
		The second youngest member of the Soviet leadership after Gorbachev, Romanov was the candidate of the old guard for the position of General Secretary but was unable to defeat Gorbachev for the position.
		He was dropped from the Politburo three months after Gorbachev became General Secretary in March 1985.
	www.voyager.in /Grigory_Romanov (535 words)

	Romzi Global Microsoft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		CPSU followed ideology of Marxism-Leninism and operated on principle of democratic centralism.
		CPSU membership more than 19 million (9.7 percent of adult population in 1987), dominated by male Russian professionals.
		Main foreign policy objectives as determined by CPSU Politburo: enhance national security, maintain presence in Eastern Europe, continue "peaceful coexistence" with free world democracies, and seek increased influence in Third World.
	asimo.freesuperhost.com (434 words)

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